1. PROCESS OF PHYSICAL
TRANSFORMATION OF CITIES

2. • Exogenous transformation
– Usually inorganic
– Direct, fast & powerful
– Leading factors are external;
• Globalisation
• Westernisation.
• When change is sought by the competent authority.
– Less efficient
– Consume more resources
• Endogenous transformation;
– Usually organic
– Incremental & complicated
– Leading factors are internal;
• Change in demographic profile
• Ecology
• Community structure
– Fractal morphology
– Consume less resources

4. Muharraq City, Bahrain
1966 (Colonisation) 1983 (Globlisation)
1977
1951 (Endogenous growth)(Colonisation)
Urban Morphological Transformation
Source: M.B. Hamouche , Habitat International 28 (2004) 521–540

5. Muharraq City, Bahrain
1966 (Colonisation) 1983 (Globlisation)
1977
1951 (Endogenous growth)(Colonisation)
Urban Morphological Transformation
Source: M.B. Hamouche , Habitat International 28 (2004) 521–540

6. Muharraq City, Bahrain
1966 (Colonisation) 1983 (Globlisation)
1977
1951 (Endogenous growth)(Colonisation)
Urban Morphological Transformation
Source: M.B. Hamouche , Habitat International 28 (2004) 521–540

7. Muharraq City, Bahrain
1966 (Colonisation) 1983 (Globlisation)
1977
1951 (Endogenous growth)(Colonisation)
Urban Morphological Transformation
Source: M.B. Hamouche , Habitat International 28 (2004) 521–540

8. Stages of Growth of Manama City,
Bahrain
(1933, 1953, 1969, 1977, 1986),
Source: M.B. Hamouche , Habitat International 28
(2004) 521–540
Urban Morphological Transformation

9. Impact of Succession Law

10. Housing Types (Metropolitan Design Center 2005)
Source: Report on ‘Evaluating Transportation Land Use Impacts’, by Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Transformations may lead to;
• Change in social identity….may be gentrification!
• Change in cultural identity.
• Change in physical identity.
• Thrust variations for external forces.
• Change in economic profile….affecting state’s economy.

11. A newly constructed Pruitt Igoe and its soon to be gone surroundings.
Induction for Urban Morphological Transformation

12. (according to L. Benevolo)
Urban Morphological Transformation from the Cathedral to Industrial
Change in IDENTITY

13. Miller, Christopher C., APA, Chicago, 2010.

14. Miller, Christopher C., APA, Chicago, 2010.

15. Miller, Christopher C., APA, Chicago, 2010.