Veins of head &neck /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

VEINS of HEAD and NECK
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com


Classification of veins of head & neck
region
• Veins of exterior of
head and neck
• Cervical veins
• Diploic, meningeal,
intracranial dural
venous sinuses


Exterior or External veins of head and neck
• Supra trochlear vein
• Supra orbital vein
• Facial vein

• Superficial temporal vein
• Pterygoid venous plexus
• Maxillary vein

• Retromandibular vein
• Posterior auricular vein
• Occipital vein

Supra trochlear vein

Supra trochlear
vein


Supraorbital vein


Facial Vein
• ANGULAR VEIN
Formed from union of
veins of the forehead
and nose
• COMMON FACIAL VEIN


Facial vein
• Origin: largest vein of face, begins as angular vein
• Course: downwards and backwards behind facial artery, but
with a straighter course
• Joins anterior division of retromandibular vein--- common
facial vein
Tributaries :
–
–
–
–

Connects with superior ophthalmic vein
Infra orbital vein , mental vein
Deep facial vein
Below mandible

Facial vein


Facial vein

Applied anatomy

• Has no valves
• Connected to cavernous
sinus
• Danger area of face


SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL VEIN
• Joined by middle
temporal vein


MAXILLARY VEIN


Retromandibular vein


PTERYGOID PLEXUS OF VEINS
• Location – partly
between the temporalis
and lateral pterygoid;
and partly between the
pterygoids
•

Tributaries


Posterior auricular vein


Occipital vein


CERVICAL VEINS


EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
• Course
• Relations
• Applied anatomy
• Tributaries


POSTERIOR EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN


ANTERIOR JUGULAR VEIN


INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN


Internal jugular
vein

RELATIONS

APPLIED ANATOMY

UNUSUAL VENOUS DRIANAGE
PATTERN
• In one of the cadavers the following variation was
observed, the facial vein was found running downward &
backwards at the anterior border of masseter,where the
submental vein united with the facial vein to form a
common venous channel.the common venous channel
united with the retromandibular vein at the angle of the
mandible to form the common facial vein. Before this
common facial vein joins the internal jugular vein , a venous
channel originating from the anterior jugular vein comes &
joins the common facial vein &which then joins the internal
jugular vein.
•

( j anat.soc.india,52(1),64-65 (2003))

• The common facial vein does not exist. The retromandibualr vein
continues into the external jugular vein, the facial vein opens into
the internal jugular r vein.
• The retromandibular vein opens into the internal jugular vein, the
facial vein continues into the anterior jugular vein, and a common
facial vein again is absent.
• The common facial vein loses its connection with the internal
jugular vein and empties instead into the external jugular
vein.(choudhary et al )
• Retromandibular vein continues into the external jugular vein, facial
vein continues into the anterior jugular vein.
• A case of facial vein uniting with the superficial temporal vein 5
mm cranial to the undivided part of retromandibular vein has been
reported by Peuker et al (2001)


LINGUAL VEIN
3 parts Dorsal veins
 Deep veins
 Sub lingual veins


DURAL VENOUS SINUSES


CLASSIFICATION
Paired
• Cavernous sinus
• Superior petrosal sinus
• Inferior petrosal sinus
• Transverse sinus
• Sigmoid sinus
• Sphenoidal sinus
• Petrosquamous sinus
• Middle meningeal sinus

Unpaired
• Superior sagittal sinus
• Inferior sagittal sinus
• Straight sinus
• Occipital sinus
• Anterior intercavernous
sinus
• Posterior intercavernous
sinus
• Basilar plexus of veins

SUPERIOR SAGGITAL SINUS


Inferior sagittal sinus


STRAIGHT SINUS


Transverse sinus


SIGMOID SINUS


CAVERNOUS SINUS
• Location: Large
venous space, in
middle cranial fossa

• Anteriorly upto –
medial end of superior
orbital fissure
• Posteriorly – apex of
petrous temporal
bone

RELATIONS
• STRUCTURES OUTSIDE THE SINUS
• STRUCTURES IN THE LATERAL WALL OF THE SINUS
• STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE CENTRE OF
THE SINUS


TRIBUTARIES


Communications – Draining channels
THROUGH

INTO

Superior petrosal sinus

Transverse sinus

Inferior petrosal sinus

Internal jugular vein

Emissary veins

Pterygoid plexus of veins

Superior ophthalmic vein

Facial vein

Anterior and posterior
intercavernous sinuses

Communicates with the
opposite side


SUPERIOR PETROSAL SINUS


INFERIOR PETROSAL SINUS


EMISSARY VEINS
• Mastoid emissary vein
• Parietal emissary vein
• Condyloid emissary vein
•
Emissary veins connecting cavernous sinus
with Pterygoid venous plexus are four and pass
through different foramina :
(a)through foramen lacerum
(b)through foramen ovale
(c)Emissary sphenoidal foramen (Foramen Vesali)
• Occipital emissary vein
• Zuckerkandl’ s vein

EMISSARY VEINS


DIPLOIC VEINS
•
•
•
•

Frontal
Anterior temporal
Posterior temporal
occipital


THANK YOU

Veins of head &neck /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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Veins of head &neck /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy