Water-cooled chiller systems have typically been designed around entering condenser water temperatures of 85°F with a Optimization of Water - Cooled Chiller – Cooling Tower Combinations The warm water leaving the chilled water coils is pumped to the evaporator of the chiller, where the unwanted heat from the building is transferred by the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant. The compressor of the chiller then compresses the refrigerant to a higher pressure, adding the heat of compression in the process. The high pressure refrigerant then moves to the economical condenser water flow of 3.0 USGPM/ton and a 10°F denser, where the unwanted heat is rerange. In recent years, there has been considerable debate on the merits of designing around lower condenser water flow rates with a higher range in order to improve system lifecycle costs. However, two other parameters must also be considered in any analysis - approach and design wet bulb. The question to be answered is: What nominal condenser water flow rate and approach is best from a first cost standpoint as well as from a full load energy standpoint at any given wet bulb.

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)
DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF WATER COOL CONDENSER FOR CENTRAL AIR
CONDITIONER.
Chitturi Nagavamsi Ravi Teja1
, S.Raja Sekhar2
.
1 Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Godavari Institute of Engineering And Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2 AssociateProfessor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Godavari Institute of Engineering And Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India.
*Corresponding Author:
Chitturi Nagavamsi Ravi Teja,
Research Scholar,Department of Mechanical Engineer-
ing, Godavari Institute of Engineering And Technology,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
Email: chitturivamsi09@gmail.com
Year of publication: 2016
Review Type: peer reviewed
Volume: III, Issue : I
Citation:Chitturi Nagavamsi Ravi Teja, Research Schol-
ar "Design And Optimization of Water Cool Condenser
For Central Air Conditioner." International Journal of
Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and
Technology (IJRISET) (2016) 84-91
INTRODUCTION
Refrigeration for personal comfort was first used in 1902.
By 1997, 72% of all American households had air-con-
ditioning and 47% of all households were cooled with
central air. According to the Air-Conditioning and Refrig-
eration Institute (ARI), 81% of all new homes constructed
were equipped with central air-conditioning in 1996.
For a single family, detached home, the amount of energy
dedicated to air-conditioning can be quite significant. In
Atlanta, for example, air-conditioning accounts for ap-
proximately 19% of energy costs, which includes both gas
and electricity, or 310 dollars per year.
It also accounts for 32% of the total peak power demand
of electricity in these homes. Obviously, improving the
efficiency of residential air-conditioning units would de-
crease utility bills and pollution produced by the power
generation.
Central Air Conditioner System
Central air conditioner unit is an energy moving or con-
verted machines that are designed to cool or heat the en-
tire house. It does not create heat or cool. It just removes
heat from one area, where it is undesirable, to an area
where it is less significant.
Central air conditions has a centralize duct system. The
duct system (air distribution system) has an air handler,
air supply system, air return duct and the grilles and reg-
ister that circulates warm air from a furnace or cooled air
from central air conditioning units to our room. It returns
that air back to the system and starts again.
It uses AC refrigerant (we may know it as Freon) as a
substance to absorb the heat from indoor evaporator coils
and rejects that heat to outdoor condenser coils or vice
versa.
Central air conditioner units used a blown, which is
mounted indoor to a furnace to circular that cold air to
the entire house through air distribution system (duct). It
uses the same duct system for heating and cooling.
Technical Data of Shell and tube Heat Exchanger:
Heat duty = 345000 Kcal/hr
Quantity of oil = 43.33 m3/hr
Quantity of water = 200 m3/hr
Cooling water inlet temperature, T1 = 32.00ºC
Oil out let temperature, T2 = 45ºC
Fouling factor on oil side = 0.0004 hrm2 ºC / Kcal
Fouling factor on water side = 0.0002 hrm2 ºC/ Kcal
Tube material =Admiralty brass
Thermal conductivity of tube material= 104.12 Kcal/
hrmºC
Number of tubes = 776
Number of passes = 4
Length of the tube = 2300mm
Outside diameter of the tube do =15.875mm
Abstract
Water-cooled chiller systems have typically been designed around entering condenser water temperatures of 85°F with
a Optimization of Water - Cooled Chiller – Cooling Tower Combinations The warm water leaving the chilled water coils
is pumped to the evaporator of the chiller, where the unwanted heat from the building is transferred by the latent heat
of vaporization of the refrigerant. The compressor of the chiller then compresses the refrigerant to a higher pressure,
adding the heat of compression in the process. The high pressure refrigerant then moves to the economical condenser
water flow of 3.0 USGPM/ton and a 10°F denser, where the unwanted heat is rerange. In recent years, there has been
considerable debate on the merits of designing around lower condenser water flow rates with a higher range in order to
improve system lifecycle costs. However, two other parameters must also be considered in any analysis - approach and
design wet bulb. The question to be answered is: What nominal condenser water flow rate and approach is best from a
first cost standpoint as well as from a full load energy standpoint at any given wet bulb.
International Journal of Research and Innovation in
Thermal Engineering (IJRITE)

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)
Thickness of the tube =1.245mm
Inside diameter of the tube = 0.013385m
Inside surface area of the tube = πxdi*L = Ai
= πx(0.013385) * 2.3
= 0.0967m2
Outside surface area of the tube = π do*L =Ao
= π x 0.015875*2.3
= 0.1147 m2
Ratio of outside to inside surface area = Ao/Ai = 1.1862
Number of baffles = 11
Baffle cut = 28%
Type of cooler = Shell and tube heat exchanger
Tube pitch/ type =20.64 mm/30º
Baffle thickness = 6mm
Shell inside diameter = 700mm
Number of tubes per pass =776/4=196
Baffle pitch = 141mm
OIL PROPERTIES AT AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (53 ºC): -
Density = 850 Kg/m3
Specific heat =0.471 Kcal/Kg ºC
Thermal conductivity =0.12925 Kcal/hrmºC
Oil bulk viscosity = (μb)oil = 73 Kg/hr m
Oil viscosity at tube wall temperature (μw)oil =159 Kg/
hr m
WATER PROPERTIES AT AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (34
ºC): -
Density = 1000 Kg/m3
Specific heat = 1 Kcal/Kg ºC
Thermal conductivity = 0.5425 Kcal/hrmºC
Viscosity (μW) = 2.6 Kg/hr m
Simulation of Heat Exchanger:
In order to implement experimental data in the model,
boundary conditions of each part of the system should
bedetermined accurately.
Oil cooler heat exchanger
Oil circulates in a closed loop so the outlet and inlet oil
temperatures are dependent and they can be correlated
asfollows:
Q = mw Sw(t2-t1)
Manual Method Results:
Number of
passes
Ht Kcal/
hr-m2
ºC
Hs Kcal/
hr-m2
ºC
Uf Kcal/
hr-m2
ºC
Dp Kg/m2
1 2650 332 245 1432
2 4590 341 261 3645
4 8013.48 351.28 274.35 4178
6 11,144.68 364.45 290.14 14724
Results of Manual method
This table represents the experimental results. in this
the even number of passes increases the shell side heat
transferor efficient, tube side heat transfer and overall
heat transfer co efficient increases and pressure drop also
increases.
Model graphs:
No. of passes vs Heat transfer
No. of passes vs Heat transfer
No. of passes vs Overall heat transfer coefficient
No. of passes vs Pressure drop

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)
INTRODUCTION TO CREO PARAMETRIC (PRO-ENGI-
NEER)
Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire is the standard in 3D product
design, featuring industry-leading productivity tools that
promote best practices in design while ensuring compli-
ance with your industry and company standards. Inte-
grated CREO parametric CAD/CAM/CAE solutions allow
you to design faster than ever, while maximizing innova-
tion and quality to ultimately create exceptional products.
Customer requirements may change and time pressures
may continue to mount, but your product design needs
remain the same - regardless of your project's scope, you
need the powerful, easy-to-use, affordable solution that
CREO parametric provides.
ASSEMBLY PARTS OF HEAT EXCHANGERS:
Design view part of heat exchanger passage 1
Design view part of heat exchanger passage 2
Design view part of heat exchanger passage 4
Design view part of heat exchanger passage 6
“This is the total assembly part of HEAT EXCHANGER”
The following parts were used to design the assemble
parts to make a HEAT EXCHANGER.
• SHELL.PRT
• BUFFEL_PLATE.PRT
• BUFFEL_PLATE.PRT
• BUFFEL_PLATE1.PRT
• BUFFEL_PLATE2.PRT
• PATTERN.PRT
• DOME.PRT
INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS
ANSYS is general-purpose finite element analysis (FEA)
software package. Finite Element Analysis is a numeri-
cal method of deconstructing a complex system into very
small pieces (of user-designated size) called elements.
The software implements equations that govern the be-
haviour of these elements and solves them all; creating a
comprehensive explanation of how the system acts as a
whole. These results then can be presented in tabulated
or graphical forms. This type of analysis is typically used
for the design and optimization of a system far too com-
plex to analyze by hand. Systems that may fit into this
category are too complex due to their geometry, scale, or
governing equations.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Admiraltybrass:
Properties of Admiralty-Brass

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)
Copper:
Properties of Copper
Copper -Aluminum alloy
Properties of Copper-Aluminum Alloy
THERMAL ANALYSIS of a condenser with Admiralty
Brass:
Thermal Analysis of Condenser with 1 Passageof Ad-
miralty Brass:
Imported model of condenser of one pass
Analysis Results of condenser with Admiralty Brass:
Thermal Analysis of Condenser with 1 passage with
Admiralty –Brass:
Temperature result with one pass
Time vs Temperature with one pass
Heat flux result with one pass

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)
Time vsHeat flux with one pass
Analysis Results of condenser of two passages with
Admiralty Brass:
Temperature results with two pass
Time vs Temperature results with one pass
Heat fluxresults with two pass
Analysis Results of condenser of four passages with
Admiralty Brass:
Temperature results with four passes
Time vsTemparature results with four passes
Heat flux results with four passes
Time vs Heat fluxresults with four passes

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)
Analysis Results of condenser of six passages with Ad-
miralty Brass:
Temperature results with six passes
Time vsTemparature results with six passes
Heat fluxresults with six passes
Time vs Heat fluxresults with six passes
THERMAL ANALYSIS of a condenser with Copper:
Thermal Analysis of Condenser with 6 Passages with
Copper:
Temperature results with six passes
Time vs Temperature results with six passes
Heat fluxresults with six passes
Thermal Analysis of Condenser with six Passageswith
Cu-Al Alloy
Temperature results with six passes

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)
Time vs Temperature results with six passes
Heat fluxresults with six passes
OVERALL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this project work central air conditioner condenser
(heat exchanger) has analyzed with the variation of 3 ma-
terials and 1/2/4/6 passages to suggest the optimum de-
sign material.
As per the analysis result tables & graphs has been pro-
duced as below for easy understanding:
Admiralty Brass:
TEMPERATURE HEAT FLUX
1 PASSAGE 45.227 0.079431
2 PASSAGES 45.058 0.092678
4 PASSAGES 45.037 0.097065
6 PASSAGES 48.031 0.092771
Copper:
TEMPERATURE HEAT FLUX
1 PASSAGE 45.626 0.57876
2 PASSAGES 45.070 0.25650
4 PASSAGES 45.052 0.70758
6 PASSAGES 48.232 0.23366
Cu-Al Alloy:
TEMPERATURE HEAT FLUX
1 PASSAGE 45.234 0.19974
2 PASSAGES 45.063 0.23342
4 PASSAGES 45.044 0.24360
6 PASSAGES 48.232 0.23366
Bar charts of results with Admiralty Brass:
Temparature with all passages
Heat flux with all passages
Thermal Error with all passages
Bar charts of results with Copper:
Temparature with all passages

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)
Heat flux with all passages
Thermal error with all passages
CONCLUSION:
This project deals with “DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION
OF WATER COOLED CONDENSER FOR A CENTRAL
AIR CONDITIONING UNIT” In this project work central
air conditioner condenser (heat exchanger) has analyzed
with the variation of 3 materials and 1/2/4/6 passages to
suggest the optimum design material.
Initially data collection and literature survey was con-
ducted to understand the approach and methodology
through this material, boundary & lode conditions was
selected.
3d modeling and assembly for1/2/4/6 passages has been
done and exported to Ansys for further investigation.
Thermal analysis was conducted by varying 3 materials
as per the analysis results material2 & 3(copper & copper
-aluminum alloy) was showing better results than tradi-
tional material Admiralty brass. Copper is having more
features than copper-aluminum alloy but while consider-
ing the cost better to go with copper-aluminum alloy with
increased passages like 4 or 6 to improve performance.
REFERENCES:
1. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ANDCALCULATION OFDIF-
FERENT PARAMETERS OFCONDENSER USING ANSYS
FLUENT SOFTWARE
Ram Mohan Gupta
International Journal of Application or Innovation in En-
gineering & Management (IJAIEM)
2. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SURFACE CONDENS-
ER UNDER VARIOUS OPERATING PARAMETERS
Ajeet Singh Sikarwar1, Devendra Dandotiya2, Surendra
Kumar Agrawal3
International Journal of Engineering Research and Ap-
plications (IJERA).
3.THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF
DUAL PRESSURE CONDENSER IN A THERMAL POWER
PLANT
K.K.Anantha Kirthan, S. Sathurtha Mourian, P. Raj Clin-
ton
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and
Technology (IJMET).
4.PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FINNED TUBE AIR
COOLED CONDENSING UNIT OF SPLIT AIR CONDITION-
ER
B. SREELAKSHMI,
Advanced Engineering and Applied Sciences.
5.DESIGN ANALYSIS OF A FINNED-TUBE CONDENSER
FOR A RESIDENTIAL AIR-CONDITIONER USING R-22
Emma May Sadler
Georgia Institute of Technology
6.Optimizing Design & Control Of Chilled Water Plants
Steven T. Taylor, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE
ASHRAE Journal
AUTHORS
Chitturi Nagavamsi Ravi Teja,
Research Scholar,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Godavari Institute of Engineering And Technology,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
S.Raja Sekhar,
AssociateProfessor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Godavari Institute of Engineering And Technology,
Andhra Pradesh, India.