SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Preview 2-1 Expressing past time: the simple past 2-2 Forms of the simple past: regular verbs 2-3 Forms of the simple past: be 2-4 Regular verbs: pronunciation of –ed endings 2-5 Spelling of –ing and –ed forms 2-6 The principal parts of a verb 2-7 Irregular verbs: a reference list 2-8 The simple past and the past progressive 2-9 Forms of the past progressive 2-10 Expressing past time: using time clauses 2-11 Expressing past habit: used to CONTENTS

CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work.

CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet . Today she is taking extra clothes to work. PRESENT TENSE

CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet . Today she is taking extra clothes to work. PAST TENSE PRESENT TENSE

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST We graduated from college in 2007.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday . (b) Adrianna studied English for six hours last Wednesday . THE SIMPLE PAST

activities or situations SIMPLE PAST began and ended in past (yesterday, last night, in 2007) 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday . (b) Adrianna studied English for six hours last Wednesday . THE SIMPLE PAST

watch 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (c) They watched the movie last night. (d) Alexandra answered the question yesterday. THE SIMPLE PAST + ed = watched answer + ed = answered

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (e) We slept in tents at camp last summer. THE SIMPLE PAST

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (e) We slept in tents at camp last summer. (f) I understood most of the directions yesterday. THE SIMPLE PAST Irregular past: sleep slept understand understood eat ate

Simple past forms of be was and were 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST (g) I was a lifeguard last summer. (h) They were in Belgium last month. THE SIMPLE PAST

We started school last week. 2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS

2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS STATEMENT I-You-She-He-It-We-They started school last week .

2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS STATEMENT NEGATIVE I-You-She-He-It-We-They started school last week . I-You-She-He-It-We-They did not start school last week.

2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS QUESTION SHORT ANSWER I-you-she-he-it-we-they start school last week? Did I-you-she-he-it-we-they did . Yes, I-you-she-he-it-we-they didn’t . No,

2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE She was sick last Monday.

STATEMENT 2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE I-She-He-It was home last week. We-You-They were home last week.

STATEMENT NEGATIVE I-She-He-It was not home last week. 2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE I-She-He-It was home last week. We-You-They were home last week. We-You-They were not home last week.

QUESTION I-she-he-it home last week? Was 2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE we-you-they home last week? Were SHORT ANSWER I-she-he-it was . we-you-they were . Yes, Yes, I-she-he-it- wasn’t . we-you-they weren’t . No, No,

They _______ at the movies last night at 8:00. 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice They ____ at the grocery store last night at 8:00. weren’t were is They were at the movies last night at 8:00. ? ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: NEGATIVE STATEMENT:

2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice This airplane was made in 1625. This airplane ______ made in 1625. This airplane ___ made in 1943. wasn’t was ? 1943 is ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: NEGATIVE STATEMENT:

ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT: 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice Did Carla get a bad grade on her test? Carla ________ a bad grade on her test. Carla ________ an excellent grade on her test. didn’t get got NEGATIVE STATEMENT: get ?

2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS talked talk/t/ She talked to me for an hour.

voiceless sound + - ed /t/ (a) talked = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/ hissed = hiss/t/ watched = watch/t/ washed = wash/t/ examples: k /k/ /p/ pp , 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

/k/ /s/ /ch/ /sh/ , voiceless sound + - ed /t/ (a) talked = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/ hissed = hiss/t/ watched = watch/t/ washed = wash/t/ examples: /p/ ss ch sh , , , 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

voiced sound + - ed /d/ (b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/ lived = live/d/ robbed = rob/d/ stayed = stay/d/ examples: ll /l/ /n/ n , 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

voiced sound + - ed /d/ (b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/ lived = live/d/ robbed = rob/d/ stayed = stay/d/ examples: /l/ /n/ /v/ v /b/ bb all vowel sounds y , , , , 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

“ t” or “d” + - ed / d/ (c) waited = wait / d/ needed = need / d/ t d e e e 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

2-4 Let’s Practice behaved behave__ 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e ?

2-4 Let’s Practice behaved behave__ 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e /d/

2-4 Let’s Practice planted plant___ ? 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e

plant___ 2-4 Let’s Practice / d/ e 1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e planted

We are learning to speak English. 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS

smi l ed smi l ing smil e ho p ed ho p ing 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS - ing form: drop -e , add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? -e NO - ed form: add -d hop e (a)

lea rn lear n ing hel p ing he lp hel p ed lear n ed 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? Two Consonants NO add -ed (b) Two consonants

h eat hea t ing hea t ed rai n ed rai n ing r ain 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? Two Vowels + One Consonant NO add -ed (c) Two vowels + one consonant

pla nn ing pla nn ed sto pp ing pl an sto pp ed st op 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel + One Consonant YES add -ed (d) ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS Double the consonant and

vis it offe r ing offe r ed visi t ing o ff er visi t ed 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel + One Consonant NO add -ed (e) TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS First syllable stressed

prefe rr ed pre fer admi tt ing admi tt ed prefe rr ing ad mit 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS add -ing END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? One Vowel + One Consonant YES add -ed (f) TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS Second syllable stressed, double the consonant

pl ay ed pl ay enj oy ing enj oy ed pl ay ing enj oy 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO keep the -y (g) vowel + -y -y

wor ri ed wor ry stu dy ing stu di ed wor ry ing stu dy 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO -y + -ing (h) consonant + -y -y -i + -ed -y

d i ed d ie t y ing t i ed d y ing t ie 2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS END OF VERB -y + -ing (i) -ie -ie add -d

2-5 Let’s Practice -ING form ________ rain -ED form ________ raining rained

2-5 Let’s Practice -ING form _________ study -ED form _________ studying studied

2-5 Let’s Practice -ING form _____ lie -ED form _____ lying lied Please don’t lie to me!

They became friends. 2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB

2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB SIMPLE FORM Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finish hope try Simple Form No final –s , –ed , or –ing see sing go

2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB SIMPLE PAST Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finished hoped tried Simple Past – ed for regular verbs saw sang went

2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB PAST PARTICIPLE Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finished hoped tried Past Participle – ed for regular verbs seen sung gone perfect tenses & passive

2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB PRESENT PARTICIPLE Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs finishing hoping trying Present Participle – ing for all verbs seeing singing going used with progressive tenses

Somebody spent all my money. 2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST

2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: awake SIMPLE PAST: awoke PAST PARTICIPLE: awoken

2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: forget SIMPLE PAST: forgot PAST PARTICIPLE: forgotten

2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: shave SIMPLE PAST: shaved PAST PARTICIPLE: shaved/shaven

2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST SIMPLE FORM: throw SIMPLE PAST: threw PAST PARTICIPLE: thrown

2-7 Let’s Practice SIMPLE FORM: give SIMPLE PAST: _____ gave PAST PARTICIPLE: _____ given

2-7 Let’s Practice SIMPLE FORM: sit SIMPLE PAST: ___ sat PAST PARTICIPLE: ___ sat

2-7 Let’s Practice SIMPLE FORM: think SIMPLE PAST: _______ thought PAST PARTICIPLE: _______ thought

He ran to work yesterday. He was running when the bus drove by. 2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE THE SIMPLE PAST X (a) Edgar ran to work yesterday. (b) Pat drove to work this morning. began and ended at particular time in the past

2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE (c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by . (d) They were eating when I got home . in progress was/were + -ing X X

2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE (e) When the bus drove by , Edgar was running. (f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running . when = at that time while = during that time X X

He wasn’t studying. 2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

was not talking . wasn’t talking . NEGATIVE STATEMENT I-She-He-It 2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE was talking . You-We-They were talking . I-She-He-It You-We-They were not talking . weren’t talking .

QUESTION SHORT ANSWER I-she-he-it talking ? Was Yes, No, 2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE you-we-they talking ? Were I-she-he-it was . I-she-he-it wasn’t . Yes, No, you-we-they were . you-we-they weren’t .

2-9 Let’s Practice Yesterday, the camels ___________ in the desert. walk were walking

2-9 Let’s Practice At 8:00, we began to work. At 8:30, we ____________. work were working

2-9 Let’s Practice Spot __________ at Mac. Mac _____________ at Spot. was looking look wasn’t looking Spot Mac

2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES Our son called while we were using the computer.

2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (a) After I exercised , I took a shower . (b) I took a shower after I exercised . (a) time clause main clause time clause main clause time clause main clause

2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (a) After I exercised , I took a shower . (b) I took a shower after I exercised . (b) main clause time clause time clause main clause time clause main clause

2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (c) I took a shower after I exercised . (d) Before I took a shower , I exercised. after before until as soon as while when subject and verb a time clause + =

2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (e) I exercised I took a shower . (f) I exercised , I took a shower. until = to that time and no longer as soon as = immediately after until As soon as

main clause + comma + time clause When Mary came home , I was studying. 2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (g) Mary came home I was studying . (h) while time clause + comma + main clause

2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES First: I rang the doorbell Then: it played music (i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music. when allows simple past in both clauses

two actions at the same time past progressive okay in both 2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES (j) She was learning to ski while he was playing golf.

2-10 Let’s Practice While we ___________, our children ____________ school. attend work were working were attending

2-10 Let’s Practice Lynn _________ while she __________ a book. fall asleep was reading read fell asleep

2-10 Let’s Practice First: I went shopping. Then: I put the food away. After _____________, ________________. I went shopping I put the food away ________________ after ______________. I went shopping I put the food away

2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO He used to be a baby, but now he is man with a family.

2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (a) I used to swim every afternoon. Now I work in the afternoon. (b) Fatima used to play piano , but now she plays the violin. (c) Jasmine used to laugh , but she doesn’t anymore. used to past situations no longer exist used to + simple form of a verb

2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (d) Did you used to swim every afternoon? ( OR Did you use to swim every afternoon?) did + subject + used to ( OR did + subject + use to )

2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO (e) I didn’t used to swim every day, but now I swim every afternoon. (f) Fatima never used to love school, but now she loves it. For negative ideas, never is more common.

2-11 Let’s Practice Correct? The children used to swam in the ocean.

The children used to swim in the ocean. The children used to swam in the ocean. 2-11 Let’s Practice Correct? No

2-11 Let’s Practice Correct? Were you used to ask questions in school?

2-11 Let’s Practice Correct? Were you used to ask questions in school? No Did you used to ask questions in school?

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

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SIMPLE PAST TENSE