Enviar pesquisa
Carregar
Modelling of a time modulated ultra-wideband communication link
•
1 gostou
•
227 visualizações
IAEME Publication
Seguir
Tecnologia
Negócios
Denunciar
Compartilhar
Denunciar
Compartilhar
1 de 10
Recomendados
Broad-Spectrum Model for Sharing Analysis between IMTAdvanced Systems and FSS...
Broad-Spectrum Model for Sharing Analysis between IMTAdvanced Systems and FSS...
IOSRJECE
Wireless sensor network lifetime constraints
Wireless sensor network lifetime constraints
mmjalbiaty
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF PAPR REDUCTION FOR OFDM SIGNAL IN LTE SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF PAPR REDUCTION FOR OFDM SIGNAL IN LTE SYSTEM
ijwmn
An enhanced energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor network
An enhanced energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor network
IJECEIAES
Error Performance Analysis in Underwater Acoustic Noise with Non-Gaussian Dis...
Error Performance Analysis in Underwater Acoustic Noise with Non-Gaussian Dis...
TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A041220112
A041220112
IOSR-JEN
A Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) Modulation Format: Perspective and Prospe...
A Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) Modulation Format: Perspective and Prospe...
IJECEIAES
Satellite Telemetry Data Transmission Immunity from the ASI and Jamming Using...
Satellite Telemetry Data Transmission Immunity from the ASI and Jamming Using...
IOSRJECE
Recomendados
Broad-Spectrum Model for Sharing Analysis between IMTAdvanced Systems and FSS...
Broad-Spectrum Model for Sharing Analysis between IMTAdvanced Systems and FSS...
IOSRJECE
Wireless sensor network lifetime constraints
Wireless sensor network lifetime constraints
mmjalbiaty
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF PAPR REDUCTION FOR OFDM SIGNAL IN LTE SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF PAPR REDUCTION FOR OFDM SIGNAL IN LTE SYSTEM
ijwmn
An enhanced energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor network
An enhanced energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor network
IJECEIAES
Error Performance Analysis in Underwater Acoustic Noise with Non-Gaussian Dis...
Error Performance Analysis in Underwater Acoustic Noise with Non-Gaussian Dis...
TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A041220112
A041220112
IOSR-JEN
A Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) Modulation Format: Perspective and Prospe...
A Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) Modulation Format: Perspective and Prospe...
IJECEIAES
Satellite Telemetry Data Transmission Immunity from the ASI and Jamming Using...
Satellite Telemetry Data Transmission Immunity from the ASI and Jamming Using...
IOSRJECE
M010226367
M010226367
IOSR Journals
Wireless Sensor Network over High Altitude Platform
Wireless Sensor Network over High Altitude Platform
TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Performance Analysis of Ultra Wideband Communication System
Performance Analysis of Ultra Wideband Communication System
Editor IJMTER
Energy Enhancement by Selecting Optimal Routing Path from Source to sink Node...
Energy Enhancement by Selecting Optimal Routing Path from Source to sink Node...
ijiert bestjournal
New Adaptive Cooperative-MIMO for LTE Technology
New Adaptive Cooperative-MIMO for LTE Technology
ijtsrd
Sparse channel estimation for underwater acoustic communication using compres...
Sparse channel estimation for underwater acoustic communication using compres...
IAEME Publication
D031202018023
D031202018023
ijceronline
Improved performance of scs based spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using d...
Improved performance of scs based spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using d...
eSAT Journals
SLGC: A New Cluster Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network for Decrease...
SLGC: A New Cluster Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network for Decrease...
IJCSEA Journal
Investigation and Analysis of SNR Estimation in OFDM system
Investigation and Analysis of SNR Estimation in OFDM system
IOSR Journals
Approximation of Gaussian derivatives for UWB communication
Approximation of Gaussian derivatives for UWB communication
ijsrd.com
Uwb localization of nodes for
Uwb localization of nodes for
ijistjournal
Noise uncertainty effect on multi-channel cognitive radio networks
Noise uncertainty effect on multi-channel cognitive radio networks
IJECEIAES
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
IJERD Editor
74 136-143
74 136-143
idescitation
International journal of engineering issues vol 2015 - no 2 - paper7
International journal of engineering issues vol 2015 - no 2 - paper7
sophiabelthome
Mobile Primary User in Cognitive Radio State of the Arts and Recent Advances
Mobile Primary User in Cognitive Radio State of the Arts and Recent Advances
josephjonse
Implementation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication System Using ...
Implementation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication System Using ...
IJAEMSJORNAL
69 122-128
69 122-128
idescitation
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...
ijceronline
A mathematical model for predicting autoclave expansion for portland cement
A mathematical model for predicting autoclave expansion for portland cement
IAEME Publication
A multi converter based pure solar energy system with high efficiency mppt con
A multi converter based pure solar energy system with high efficiency mppt con
IAEME Publication
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais procurados
M010226367
M010226367
IOSR Journals
Wireless Sensor Network over High Altitude Platform
Wireless Sensor Network over High Altitude Platform
TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Performance Analysis of Ultra Wideband Communication System
Performance Analysis of Ultra Wideband Communication System
Editor IJMTER
Energy Enhancement by Selecting Optimal Routing Path from Source to sink Node...
Energy Enhancement by Selecting Optimal Routing Path from Source to sink Node...
ijiert bestjournal
New Adaptive Cooperative-MIMO for LTE Technology
New Adaptive Cooperative-MIMO for LTE Technology
ijtsrd
Sparse channel estimation for underwater acoustic communication using compres...
Sparse channel estimation for underwater acoustic communication using compres...
IAEME Publication
D031202018023
D031202018023
ijceronline
Improved performance of scs based spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using d...
Improved performance of scs based spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using d...
eSAT Journals
SLGC: A New Cluster Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network for Decrease...
SLGC: A New Cluster Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network for Decrease...
IJCSEA Journal
Investigation and Analysis of SNR Estimation in OFDM system
Investigation and Analysis of SNR Estimation in OFDM system
IOSR Journals
Approximation of Gaussian derivatives for UWB communication
Approximation of Gaussian derivatives for UWB communication
ijsrd.com
Uwb localization of nodes for
Uwb localization of nodes for
ijistjournal
Noise uncertainty effect on multi-channel cognitive radio networks
Noise uncertainty effect on multi-channel cognitive radio networks
IJECEIAES
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
IJERD Editor
74 136-143
74 136-143
idescitation
International journal of engineering issues vol 2015 - no 2 - paper7
International journal of engineering issues vol 2015 - no 2 - paper7
sophiabelthome
Mobile Primary User in Cognitive Radio State of the Arts and Recent Advances
Mobile Primary User in Cognitive Radio State of the Arts and Recent Advances
josephjonse
Implementation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication System Using ...
Implementation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication System Using ...
IJAEMSJORNAL
69 122-128
69 122-128
idescitation
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...
ijceronline
Mais procurados
(20)
M010226367
M010226367
Wireless Sensor Network over High Altitude Platform
Wireless Sensor Network over High Altitude Platform
Performance Analysis of Ultra Wideband Communication System
Performance Analysis of Ultra Wideband Communication System
Energy Enhancement by Selecting Optimal Routing Path from Source to sink Node...
Energy Enhancement by Selecting Optimal Routing Path from Source to sink Node...
New Adaptive Cooperative-MIMO for LTE Technology
New Adaptive Cooperative-MIMO for LTE Technology
Sparse channel estimation for underwater acoustic communication using compres...
Sparse channel estimation for underwater acoustic communication using compres...
D031202018023
D031202018023
Improved performance of scs based spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using d...
Improved performance of scs based spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using d...
SLGC: A New Cluster Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network for Decrease...
SLGC: A New Cluster Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network for Decrease...
Investigation and Analysis of SNR Estimation in OFDM system
Investigation and Analysis of SNR Estimation in OFDM system
Approximation of Gaussian derivatives for UWB communication
Approximation of Gaussian derivatives for UWB communication
Uwb localization of nodes for
Uwb localization of nodes for
Noise uncertainty effect on multi-channel cognitive radio networks
Noise uncertainty effect on multi-channel cognitive radio networks
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
74 136-143
74 136-143
International journal of engineering issues vol 2015 - no 2 - paper7
International journal of engineering issues vol 2015 - no 2 - paper7
Mobile Primary User in Cognitive Radio State of the Arts and Recent Advances
Mobile Primary User in Cognitive Radio State of the Arts and Recent Advances
Implementation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication System Using ...
Implementation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication System Using ...
69 122-128
69 122-128
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...
Destaque
A mathematical model for predicting autoclave expansion for portland cement
A mathematical model for predicting autoclave expansion for portland cement
IAEME Publication
A multi converter based pure solar energy system with high efficiency mppt con
A multi converter based pure solar energy system with high efficiency mppt con
IAEME Publication
Control the tradeoff between performance and anonymity through end to-end t (2)
Control the tradeoff between performance and anonymity through end to-end t (2)
IAEME Publication
Investigation into the effects of process parameters on delamination 2
Investigation into the effects of process parameters on delamination 2
IAEME Publication
Improvement over aodv routing protocol in vanet
Improvement over aodv routing protocol in vanet
IAEME Publication
Analysis and simulation of chip formation & thermal effects on tool life usin...
Analysis and simulation of chip formation & thermal effects on tool life usin...
IAEME Publication
Cost based industrial rectifying sampling inspection
Cost based industrial rectifying sampling inspection
IAEME Publication
Software defined network based firewall technique
Software defined network based firewall technique
IAEME Publication
Determination of residual stresses of welded joints prepared under
Determination of residual stresses of welded joints prepared under
IAEME Publication
Destaque
(9)
A mathematical model for predicting autoclave expansion for portland cement
A mathematical model for predicting autoclave expansion for portland cement
A multi converter based pure solar energy system with high efficiency mppt con
A multi converter based pure solar energy system with high efficiency mppt con
Control the tradeoff between performance and anonymity through end to-end t (2)
Control the tradeoff between performance and anonymity through end to-end t (2)
Investigation into the effects of process parameters on delamination 2
Investigation into the effects of process parameters on delamination 2
Improvement over aodv routing protocol in vanet
Improvement over aodv routing protocol in vanet
Analysis and simulation of chip formation & thermal effects on tool life usin...
Analysis and simulation of chip formation & thermal effects on tool life usin...
Cost based industrial rectifying sampling inspection
Cost based industrial rectifying sampling inspection
Software defined network based firewall technique
Software defined network based firewall technique
Determination of residual stresses of welded joints prepared under
Determination of residual stresses of welded joints prepared under
Semelhante a Modelling of a time modulated ultra-wideband communication link
40120140503007
40120140503007
IAEME Publication
40120130405006 2
40120130405006 2
IAEME Publication
40120130405006 2
40120130405006 2
IAEME Publication
Channel characterization and modulation schemes of ultra wideband systems
Channel characterization and modulation schemes of ultra wideband systems
ijmnct
Ofdm mimo and v-blast algorithm-key to high speed wireless communication
Ofdm mimo and v-blast algorithm-key to high speed wireless communication
IAEME Publication
Ofdm mimo and v-blast algorithm-key to high speed wireless communication
Ofdm mimo and v-blast algorithm-key to high speed wireless communication
IAEME Publication
H05114457
H05114457
IOSR-JEN
Design of Micro strip Antenna in Ism Band with Polarization Diversity and Fre...
Design of Micro strip Antenna in Ism Band with Polarization Diversity and Fre...
paperpublications3
Comparative ber analysis of mitigation of ici through sc,ml and ekf methods i...
Comparative ber analysis of mitigation of ici through sc,ml and ekf methods i...
IAEME Publication
40120140502013
40120140502013
IAEME Publication
BER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OFDM IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK IN RAYLEIGH FADIN...
BER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OFDM IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK IN RAYLEIGH FADIN...
International Journal of Technical Research & Application
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MIMO COOPERATIVE NETWORKS WITH ENERGY HARVESTING SENSOR ...
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MIMO COOPERATIVE NETWORKS WITH ENERGY HARVESTING SENSOR ...
ijasuc
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MIMO COOPERATIVE NETWORKS WITH ENERGY HARVESTING SENSOR ...
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MIMO COOPERATIVE NETWORKS WITH ENERGY HARVESTING SENSOR ...
ijasuc
Study and Analysis Capacity of MIMO Systems for AWGN Channel Model Scenarios
Study and Analysis Capacity of MIMO Systems for AWGN Channel Model Scenarios
IJERA Editor
M0111397100
M0111397100
IOSR Journals
Double sliding window variance detection-based time-of-arrival estimation in...
Double sliding window variance detection-based time-of-arrival estimation in...
IJECEIAES
40120140501018
40120140501018
IAEME Publication
I05914153
I05914153
IOSR-JEN
Intersymbol interference distortion cancellation using a modified maximal rat...
Intersymbol interference distortion cancellation using a modified maximal rat...
Alexander Decker
Analysis of propagation of modulated optical signal in an integrated optic envi
Analysis of propagation of modulated optical signal in an integrated optic envi
IAEME Publication
Semelhante a Modelling of a time modulated ultra-wideband communication link
(20)
40120140503007
40120140503007
40120130405006 2
40120130405006 2
40120130405006 2
40120130405006 2
Channel characterization and modulation schemes of ultra wideband systems
Channel characterization and modulation schemes of ultra wideband systems
Ofdm mimo and v-blast algorithm-key to high speed wireless communication
Ofdm mimo and v-blast algorithm-key to high speed wireless communication
Ofdm mimo and v-blast algorithm-key to high speed wireless communication
Ofdm mimo and v-blast algorithm-key to high speed wireless communication
H05114457
H05114457
Design of Micro strip Antenna in Ism Band with Polarization Diversity and Fre...
Design of Micro strip Antenna in Ism Band with Polarization Diversity and Fre...
Comparative ber analysis of mitigation of ici through sc,ml and ekf methods i...
Comparative ber analysis of mitigation of ici through sc,ml and ekf methods i...
40120140502013
40120140502013
BER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OFDM IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK IN RAYLEIGH FADIN...
BER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OFDM IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK IN RAYLEIGH FADIN...
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MIMO COOPERATIVE NETWORKS WITH ENERGY HARVESTING SENSOR ...
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MIMO COOPERATIVE NETWORKS WITH ENERGY HARVESTING SENSOR ...
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MIMO COOPERATIVE NETWORKS WITH ENERGY HARVESTING SENSOR ...
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MIMO COOPERATIVE NETWORKS WITH ENERGY HARVESTING SENSOR ...
Study and Analysis Capacity of MIMO Systems for AWGN Channel Model Scenarios
Study and Analysis Capacity of MIMO Systems for AWGN Channel Model Scenarios
M0111397100
M0111397100
Double sliding window variance detection-based time-of-arrival estimation in...
Double sliding window variance detection-based time-of-arrival estimation in...
40120140501018
40120140501018
I05914153
I05914153
Intersymbol interference distortion cancellation using a modified maximal rat...
Intersymbol interference distortion cancellation using a modified maximal rat...
Analysis of propagation of modulated optical signal in an integrated optic envi
Analysis of propagation of modulated optical signal in an integrated optic envi
Mais de IAEME Publication
IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
IAEME Publication
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
IAEME Publication
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
IAEME Publication
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
IAEME Publication
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
IAEME Publication
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
IAEME Publication
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
IAEME Publication
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
IAEME Publication
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
IAEME Publication
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
IAEME Publication
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
IAEME Publication
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
IAEME Publication
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
IAEME Publication
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
IAEME Publication
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
IAEME Publication
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
IAEME Publication
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
IAEME Publication
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
IAEME Publication
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
IAEME Publication
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
IAEME Publication
Mais de IAEME Publication
(20)
IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
Último
DBX First Quarter 2024 Investor Presentation
DBX First Quarter 2024 Investor Presentation
Dropbox
Biography Of Angeliki Cooney | Senior Vice President Life Sciences | Albany, ...
Biography Of Angeliki Cooney | Senior Vice President Life Sciences | Albany, ...
Angeliki Cooney
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
sudhanshuwaghmare1
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
rafiqahmad00786416
Apidays New York 2024 - The Good, the Bad and the Governed by David O'Neill, ...
Apidays New York 2024 - The Good, the Bad and the Governed by David O'Neill, ...
apidays
Exploring Multimodal Embeddings with Milvus
Exploring Multimodal Embeddings with Milvus
Zilliz
Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
Safe Software
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
Juan lago vázquez
Artificial Intelligence Chap.5 : Uncertainty
Artificial Intelligence Chap.5 : Uncertainty
Khushali Kathiriya
TrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data Discovery
TrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data Discovery
TrustArc
Cyberprint. Dark Pink Apt Group [EN].pdf
Cyberprint. Dark Pink Apt Group [EN].pdf
Overkill Security
FWD Group - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
FWD Group - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
The Digital Insurer
Apidays New York 2024 - Scaling API-first by Ian Reasor and Radu Cotescu, Adobe
Apidays New York 2024 - Scaling API-first by Ian Reasor and Radu Cotescu, Adobe
apidays
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
Zilliz
MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024
MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024
MIND CTI
Emergent Methods: Multi-lingual narrative tracking in the news - real-time ex...
Emergent Methods: Multi-lingual narrative tracking in the news - real-time ex...
Zilliz
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors
Nanddeep Nachan
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
jfdjdjcjdnsjd
Apidays New York 2024 - APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk by ...
Apidays New York 2024 - APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk by ...
apidays
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024
The Digital Insurer
Último
(20)
DBX First Quarter 2024 Investor Presentation
DBX First Quarter 2024 Investor Presentation
Biography Of Angeliki Cooney | Senior Vice President Life Sciences | Albany, ...
Biography Of Angeliki Cooney | Senior Vice President Life Sciences | Albany, ...
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
Apidays New York 2024 - The Good, the Bad and the Governed by David O'Neill, ...
Apidays New York 2024 - The Good, the Bad and the Governed by David O'Neill, ...
Exploring Multimodal Embeddings with Milvus
Exploring Multimodal Embeddings with Milvus
Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
Artificial Intelligence Chap.5 : Uncertainty
Artificial Intelligence Chap.5 : Uncertainty
TrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data Discovery
TrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data Discovery
Cyberprint. Dark Pink Apt Group [EN].pdf
Cyberprint. Dark Pink Apt Group [EN].pdf
FWD Group - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
FWD Group - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Apidays New York 2024 - Scaling API-first by Ian Reasor and Radu Cotescu, Adobe
Apidays New York 2024 - Scaling API-first by Ian Reasor and Radu Cotescu, Adobe
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024
MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024
Emergent Methods: Multi-lingual narrative tracking in the news - real-time ex...
Emergent Methods: Multi-lingual narrative tracking in the news - real-time ex...
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
Apidays New York 2024 - APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk by ...
Apidays New York 2024 - APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk by ...
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024
Modelling of a time modulated ultra-wideband communication link
1.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 33 MODELLING OF A TIME-MODULATED ULTRA-WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION LINK AKAA ETENG and JUSTUS N. DIKE Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, NIGERIA ABSTRACT The ultra-wideband communication technique involves the use of very large bandwidths and low spectral densities for information transmission. Time-modulated ultra- wideband (TM UWB) is an impulse-based ultra-wideband scheme that provides a direct means of increasing transmission bandwidth, thereby enabling data transmissions at high bit rates. This paper demonstrates the modelling of a single-user end-to-end TM UWBlink in an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.The developed model is validated by simulation in SIMULINK.The low bit-error rate characteristics of the link indicate that additive noise is not a significant channel impairment in a TM UWB communication link. Keywords: Time-modulated, Ultra-wideband, modelling, simulation, Additive White Gaussian Noise, SIMULINK. 1 INTRODUCTION Wireless communication has traditionally been achieved using narrowband communication schemes. However, in the strictest sense, no wireless communication is band- limited. Rather, beyond the spectral boundaries apportioned to a communication scheme, there is some amount of incident radiated power, making it necessary for communications regulatory agencies to define power limits for these out-of-band radiations [1]. The inherent narrowband nature of the established wireless communication technologies, such as Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) and Bluetooth, places a constraint on their achievable data capacity. However, the enormous bandwidth of ultra-wideband signals, should theoretically give ultra-wideband (UWB) technology an edge over these narrowband technologies. Furthermore, the low spectral power density of UWB signals should, in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET) ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print) ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June, 2013, pp. 33-42 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijecet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.8896 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJECET © I A E M E
2.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 34 principle, allow themto coexist with other existing wireless systems. These two major attractions have provided the motivation for the development of UWB-basedWireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs). In addition, there isinterest in the research community toward the development of UWB-based Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) [2][3]. WBANs are body-centric wireless networks which can be used for patient monitoring, as well as other medical applications. The major attraction in this use of UWB is the low-power requirement of the technique, ultimately leading to low radiation levels for the human user. UWB signals can be described as those signals with a fractional bandwidth greater than 0.20. Fractional bandwidth is defined by the following equation: lh lh c f FF FF F B B + − == 2 ………………………………………….(1) Where: Bf is the fractional bandwidth, B is the actual bandwidth, Fc represents the carrier frequency, Fh is the upper cut-off frequency, Fl is the lower cut-off frequency. Alternatively, UWB signals can be defined as those with an ‘ultra-wide bandwidth’ greater than 500MHz. Ultra-wide bandwidth, in this case, is defined as, “the frequency band bounded by the points that are 10dB below the highest radiated emission”[4]. Shannon’s channel capacity theorem clearly shows the reasons for advocating an increased bandwidth [5]. By the theorem, channel capacity is given by: += N S BC 1log ………………………………………………………..(2) Where: C is channel capacity, B represents signal bandwidth S stands for signal power, N represents the noise power. This theorem reveals that narrowband systems have to strike a balance between increased channel capacities and transmit power. If the bandwidth is constrained, the required transmit power increases exponentially with increase in the channel capacity or data rate. However, channel capacity scales linearly with bandwidth. Consequently, UWB signals have the potential of achieving very high data rates with relatively low transmit power. Broadly speaking, there are two classes of UWB radio systems, namely: 1. Multiband UWB, in which the UWB spectrum is split into sub-bands; 2. Impulse radio, in which the full UWB spectrum is utilized by generating very short duty-cycle pulses in the time-domain. Here, pulse duration τ is typically in the order of one nanosecond or less.
3.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 35 Time-Modulated Ultra-Wideband (TM UWB) is an impulse radio scheme implemented using time-domain signal processing for the transmission and reception of information. The interval between two pulses is controlled by input information signals and a user-specific code sequence. The assigned code sequences eliminate possible collisions between multiple simultaneous users by assigning each user a unique time-shift pattern, thus preventing cross- channel interference. For a pulse width τ, it has been shown that the optimum timing dither δto be applied is 0.2304τ, to avoid intersymbol interference [6]. 2 MODELLING The modelling process is logically divided into three stages, namely: 1. signal generation 2. channel modeling 3. signal reception The simulation software employed in the model validation is SIMULINK 7.0 running within MATLAB version 7.5 (R2007b). 2.1 Signal Generation Although any pulse shape may be used for UWB communications, the pulse shape often used in the analysis of UWB systems is the Gaussian pulse. This preference is due to the mathematical tractability and ease of generation of this pulse shape [7]. Analytically, it is described by: ( ) 2 2 2 )( σ µ− − = t Aetx …………………………………………………. (3) Where: A is the pulse amplitude in volts, t is the time in seconds, σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian pulse in seconds, µ is the mean value of the Gaussian pulse in seconds, x(t) is the pulse at time t. The duration of the Gaussian pulse τ in seconds is given by: πστ 2= ………………………………………………………..(4) The typical Gaussian pulse has d.c. spectral components. Antennas, however, are unable to radiate d.c. components. Therefore, the use of the Gaussian pulse for information transmission will result in signal distortion at the transmitting and receiving antennas. Consequently, a higher-order derivative of the Gaussian pulse, which does not contain d.c. components is employed in thismodel. Higher-order derivatives can be recursively obtained from the relation: )1( 2 )2( 2 )( )( 1 )( −− − − −= nnn s t tx n tx σσ ……………………………………………… (5) wheren is the order of the derivative [8].
4.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 36 The generation of time-modulated UWB pulses proceeds as follows: 1. A stream of fourth-order derivative Gaussian pulse are generated, defined as: ………………………………………………(6) )(k s is the k-thusers’ transmitted signal, )(tx is a single fourth-order derivative Gaussian pulse. 2. Each pulse is shifted to the beginning of a time frame: ……………………………...................... (7) fT is the time-frame, or pulse repetition period, jis the index of the chosen time-frame. 3. Time-hopping is applied to the scheme to eliminate catastrophic collisions in a multiple access scenario: …………………………................ (8) )(k jc is the time-hopping code – a pseudo-noise (PN) code, cT is the duration of the time-chip within which the pulse is transmitted. 4. Data bits are used to pulse-position modulate this time-hopped UWB signal, resulting in the expression for time-modulated UWB: ……………............. (9) )( ][ k jd is the basic data sequence, representing information to be transmitted. δ is the modulation index – the timing dither that applies to the UWB pulse when a binary ‘1’ is transmitted. Nsrepresents the number of pulses in a binary symbol. 2.2 Channel The channel model is the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)channel, where a Gaussian distributed random noise process additively corrupts the transmitted signals.The signal at the receiver front-end, sc(t), therefore, is a linear sum of transmitted signals, s(t) and the channel noisen(t). Concisely: )()()( )()( tntsts kk c += ………………………………………………….(10) ∑ −−= j c k jf k TcjTtxts )()( )()( ∑ −−−= j k Njc k jf k s dTcjTtwts )()( )( ]/[ )()( δ ∑= j k txts )()()( ∑ −= j f k jTtxts )()()(
5.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 37 2.2 Signal Reception For the detection of the noise-corrupted signal, a correlator receiver is modelled. The following steps highlight the process: 1. The channel output sr(t) is correlated with a template signal v(t) defined as: )()()( δ−−= twtwtv recrec ………….………………………………………(11) v(t) is a pulse shape defined as the difference between the expected fourth-order derivative Gaussian pulse and its delayed version, the time difference being δ. To be effective, this template is first synchronized to the transmitter. Hence, it becomes: )( )( c k jftemp TcjTtvx −−= …………………………………………………. (12) The received signal stream is correlated against this template sequence, and the result integrated over a bit period. The output of the integrator is given as: ∫ ++ + −−= f f Tj jT c k jf dtTcjTtvtrz )1( )(1 1 )()( τ τ ……….……………………………….. (13) [ ]∫ ++ + −−∗= f f Tj jT c k jf dtTcjTtvthts )1( )(1 1 )()()( τ τ ∫ ++ + −−+ f f Tj jT c k jf dtTcjTtvtn )1( )(1 1 )()( τ τ tmtm NY += ……………..……………………............ (14) tmY is the required data sequence, while tmN is a noise term arising from AWGN present at the receiver input. After the integration stage, a decision is made whether the result represents a ‘0’ bit or a ‘1’ bit. This decision is reached by comparing the energy of s| (t) over a bit period with a threshold value, in this case 0. Logically, ≥ < = ∫ ∫ 0)(,1 0)(,0 )( | | b b T T r ts ts ts …………………………………………….. (15) 3 SIMULATION Equations 3 to 9 are the basis of the simulation of a TM UWB generator shown in Figure 1. The simulation parameters are presented in Table 1.
6.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 38 Table 1: Simulation Parameters S/N PARAMETER VALUE 1 τ 0.5ns 2 ∆ 0.12ns 3 cT 0.62ns 4 fT 2.48ns 5 )(k jc Gold code (sequence length =39) Figure 1: Simulated time-modulated UWB transmitter The UWB pulse generator block accepts inputs from the ‘User 1 Data’, and Code Generator blocks, both of which are first concatenated to form a row matrix. The data bits are used to effect a pulse-position modulation on the fourth-order derivative Gaussian pulses generated in this block. The code sequence is used to determine the chip within a time-frame within which the modulated pulses are transmitted. Thus, the output of this block consists of sequence of time-modulated fourth-order derivative Gaussian pulses, which is fed into an AWGN block to simulate channel effects. The correlator receiver is set-up on the basis of Equations 11-15 as shown in Figure 2 below Figure 2: The Correlator Receiver
7.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 39 The ‘Template Signal Generator’ block generates a signal that is the difference between the expected signal and its time shifted version, which is correlated against the incoming pulse sequence. The integrator block performs an ‘integrate and dump’ operation by integrating the product of sample values of template signal and the UWB pulse sequence, and resetting to zero after every bit period. The integrator output is compared against a threshold to determine the bit value. Figure 3 below shows the complete simulation set-up Figure 3: Complete simulation set-up 4 RESULTS The model was tested by transmitting a sequence of 200 data bits through the AWGN channel, while the channel signal-to-noise (SNR) was reduced from 2dB to -10dB. Figure 4 is shows 4 UWB pulses at the transmitter output, representing the ‘spread’ sequence ‘1101’. From the figure, it can be observed that each pulse lasts for 0.5ns. Figure 4: A vector scope display showing four UWB pulses
8.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 40 Figure 5shows this same bit sequence at the output of the AWGN channel for an SNR of - 2dB. From this figure it can be observed that the amplitude and phase relationships of the transmitted UWB pulses are completely lost as a result of the additive noise process. Furthermore, the amplitude range of the transmitted sequence has increased. Figure 5: A vector scope display of the channel output The receiver algorithm earlier discussed specifies that the channel corrupted signal can be recovered by implementing an integration operation after correlating the signal with a local template waveform. Figure 6 is a shows of the synchronized template waveform used in the correlation. Figure 6: Vector scope display of the template waveform
9.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 41 The output of the correlation stage is sent to an integrator. Figure 7 below shows the integrator output. Figure 7: Integrator output It can be observed from this figure that the integrationoperation clusters the noisy signal amplitudes into specific time slots. This is directly attributable to the ‘integrate and dump’ characteristic which is critical for the correct reception of the original data sequence. From the receiver algorithm previously discussed, it is clear that this timing must be prearranged, as it is not extracted from the channel-corrupted signal. The hardware implementation of this step therefore demands extremely high precision timing.Furthermore, the maximum amplitude excursion of these ‘clusters’ at output of the integrator is several orders of magnitude less than the amplitude of the noisy channel output. This behaviour is typical of integrate and dump filters (Sharma, 2008). Bit decisions are reached by comparing the signal energy in these signal ‘clusters’ against a threshold. To evaluate the performance of the TM UWB scheme, 13simulation runs were undertaken to determine bit-error ratios (BER) for channel signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) ranging from 2dB to -10dB. The results are shown in Figure 8. Figure 8: Plot of channel SNR against BER From the figure it can be observed that the TM UWB scheme demonstrates a high level of robustness against AWGN. The plot shows that a degrading of SNR has no effect on the BER until the SNR is less than -6dB. Further, it is observed that an error rate of 2.5% can still be achieved without the use of error correction codesat a channel SNR of -10dB.
10.
International Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME 42 5 CONCLUSION This model of TM UWB has been developed for a single-user scenario, devoid of multipath fading channel effects. Its focus has been on the performance of the scheme in the presence of additive interference in the form of AWGN, which could typically result from thermal agitation at the front-end of radio receivers. A simulation model has been developed in SIMULINK by direct translation of mathematical models for the transmission and reception of TM UWB. The BER results obtained show a bit-error rate of less than 2.5% for SNR above -10dB. These results suggest that AWGN is not a significant channel impairment to TM UWB communication links. Reliable high bit-rate TM UWBdata transmissions are therefore possible in the presence of AWGN. REFERENCES [1] A. Eteng, Acomparative analysis of time-modulated and direct-sequence ultra-wideband for WPANs, M.Eng Thesis: University of Port-Harcourt, 2008 [2] A. Taparugssanagorn, C. Pomalaza-Ráez, A.Isola, R. Tesi, M. Hämäläinen, J. Iinatti, UWB channel modeling for wireless body area networks in medical applications, 2011 [Online] Available: ismict2009.org/pdf/1D11.pdf. (Date Accessed: March 3, 2012). [3] J. Ryckaert, C. Desset, V. de Heyn, M. Badaroglu, P. Wambacq, G. der Plas, B.V. Pouke, Ultra-WideBand transmitter for wireless body area networks, 2011 [Online] Available: www.eurasip.org/ Proceedings /Ext/IST05 /papers/266.pdf. (Date Accessed March 3, 2012) [4] Federal Communications Commission, Channel modeling sub-committee report (Final), 2002, p.12. [Online] Available: http://www.sara-group.org/official_information/specific_decisions_for_different_countries (Date Accessed: February 10, 2010) [5] J. McCorkle, Why such uproar about UWB? CommsDesign, 2002 [Online] Available: http://www.commsdesign.com/design_corner/OEG20020301S0021(Date Accessed: February 3, 2010) [6] U. Onunkwo, timing jitter in Ultra Wideband (UWB) systems, Ph.D Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, [Online] Available: etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-03162006- 155352/unrestricted/onunkwo_uzoma_200603_phd.pdf (Date Accessed: August 3, 2007) [7] L. E.Miller, Models of UWB Pulses, Draft, Wireless Communication Technologies Group, NIST, Gaithersburg Maryland, 2003 [Online] Available: http://www.antd.nist.gov/wctgmanet/Models_UWB_Pulses.pdf (Date Accessed: February 3, 2010) [8] M. Wessman, A. Svensson, Performance of coherent impulse radio and multiband-OFDM on IEEE UWB channels, 2005, [Online] Available: http://document.chalmers.se/download?docid=1185604438(DateAccessed: February 3, 2010) [9] S. Sharma, Signal theory and processing, sixth ed.(S.K.Kataria& Sons, New Dehli, 2008). [10] Kishan Singh and Shivasharanappa N Mulgi, “Complementary-Symmetric Corner Truncated Compact Square Microstrip Antenna For Wide Band Operation”, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering &Technology (IJECET), Volume 1, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 99 - 106, ISSN Print: 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 –6472. [11] Haritha.Thotakura, Dr. Sri Gowri .Sajja and Dr. Elizabeth Rani.D, “Performance of Coherent OFDM Systems Against Frequency offset Estimation Under Different Fading Channels”, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering &Technology (IJECET), Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 244 - 251, ISSN Print: 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 –6472.