Removable media up

HEMANTH RAJ (hmnthrj@gmail.com)

in computer storage, removable media refers to
storage media which is designed to be removed
from the computer without powering the
computer off.
Some types of removable media are

1. Optical discs (Blu-ray discs, DVDs, CDs)
2. Memory cards (CompactFlash card, Secure
Digital card, Memory Stick)
3. Floppy disks
4. USB flash drives

• The optical disc was invented in 1958
• In 1961 and 1969, David Paul Gregg registered
a patent for the analog optical disc for video
recording
• In the mid-1990s, the second generation of
the optical disc, the DVD manufactured
• The third generation optical disc was
developed in 2000-2006

• introduced as Blu-ray Disk. Developed by the
Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA)
• a group of the world's leading consumer
electronics, personal computer and media
manufacturers (including Apple, Dell, Hitachi,
HP, JVC, LG, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Pioneer,
Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TDK and
Thomson)

• Blu-ray is the name of a next-generation
optical disc format
• developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association
(BDA)
• The format was developed to enable
recording, rewriting and playback of high-
definition video (HD), as well as storing large
amounts of data.

• The format offers more than five times the
storage capacity of traditional DVDs and can hold
up to 25GB on a single-layer disc and 50GB on a
dual-layer disc.
• the Blu-ray format uses a blue-violet laser instead
of red laser to read and write data
• Blu-ray is currently supported by about 200 of the
world's leading consumer electronics, personal
computer, recording media, video game and
music companies.

• There are three competing DVD Recording
standards are…
1. DVD-ROM (read only memory) has data that can only
be read and not written
2. DVD-Rand DVD+R (recordable) can record data only
once, and then function as a DVD-ROM
3. DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM (random access memory) can
all record and erase data multiple times.
• The storage capacity of DVD is up to 4.37 GB

• DVD also known as Digital Video Disc or Digital
Versatile Disc
• DVD is an optical disc storage media format, and
was invented and developed
by Philips, Sony,Toshiba, and Time Warner in
1995.
• Its main uses are video and data storage.
• DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact
discs (CDs), but are capable of storing just under
seven times as much data

• A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is
an optical disc used to store digital data.
• It was originally developed to store sound
recordings exclusively.
• but later it also allowed the preservation of
other types of data.
• Audio CDs have been commercially available
since October 1982.
• Standard CDs can store 700 MB of data

• In 2010, they have been largely replaced by
other forms of digital storage.
• audio CD sales dropping nearly 50% from their
peak in 2000
• Types of Compact Disc
1. write-once audio and data storage CD-R
2. rewritable media CD-RW,
3. Video Compact Discs (VCD)
4. Super Video Compact Discs (SVCD)

• A memory card or flash card is an
electronic flash memory data storage
device used for storing digital information
• They are commonly used in many electronic
devices, including digital cameras, mobile
phones, laptop computers, MP3 players,
and video game
• They are small, re-recordable

• they can retain data without power.
• The most common type of memory card in
use today is the SD card
• which comes in capacities of up to
64 Gigabytes.
• Major Types of Memory card are…
1. CompactFlash card
2. Secure Digital card
3. Memory Stick

• CompactFlash (CF) is a mass storage
device format used in portable electronic
devices.
• The format was first specified and produced
by SanDisk in 1994
• The physical format is now used for a variety
of devices.

• CompactFlash became the most successful of
the early memory card formats
• It can store 2 MB to 128 GB
• It is used in Digital cameras and other mass
storage devices

• Secure Digital (SD) is a non-volatile memory
card format developed by Panasonic, SanDisk,
and Toshiba for use in portable devices.
• It is widely used in digital cameras, digital
camcorders, handheld computers, netbook
computers, PDAs, media players, mobile
phones, GPS receivers, and video game
consoles.

• Standard SD cards have an official maximum
capacity of 2 GB, though technically they can
store up to 4 GB
• SDHC (High-capacity) cards have a maximum
capacity of 32 GB.
• SD cards typically have transfer rates in the
range of 80–160 Mbit/s

• Memory Stick is a removable flash memory
card format, launched by Sony in October
1998
• It can store 4 MB to 32 GB
• Memory Sticks are used as storage media for a
portable device like digital cameras, digital
music players, PDAs, cellular phones, laptop
computers, and the PlayStation Portable

• Memory Sticks include a wide range of actual
formats
1. Memory Stick PRO
2. Memory Stick Duo
3. Memory Stick PRO Duo
4. Memory Stick Micro (M2)
5. Memory Stick XC

• floppy disk is Invented by the American
information technology company IBM
• A floppy disk is a data storage medium that is
composed of a disk of thin, flexible magnetic
storage medium encased in a square or
rectangular plastic shell.
• loppy disks are read and written by a floppy
disk drive or FDD
• floppy disks in 8 inch, 5¼ inch and 3½ inch

Internal parts of a 3 1/2 inch floppy disk.
• 1 is a hole that indicates a high-capacity
disk.
• 2 is the hub that drives 6, the magentic
coated plastic disk.
• 3 is a shutter that protects the surface
when removed from the drive.
• 4 is the plastic housing.
• 5 is a polyester sheet that allows the
disk media to rotate within the housing.
• 6 sector of data on the disk
• 7 is a schematic representation of one
sector of data on the disk; the tracks and
sectors are not visible.

• Trek Technology and IBM began selling the
first USB flash drives commercially in 2000.
• The Singaporean Trek Technology sold a model
under the brand name "ThumbDrive", and
IBM marketed as "DiskOnKey“
• USB flash drives are typically removable and
rewritable
• USB flash drive weigh less than 30 g

• Storage capacities in 2010 as large as 256 GB
• USB drives with USB 2.0 support can store
more data and transfer faster than a much
larger optical disc drive
• Most USB flash drives draw their power from
the USB connection, and do not require a
battery.

1. USB connector
2. USB mass storage
controller device
3. Test points
4. Flash memory chip
5. Crystal oscillator
6. LED
7. Write-protect switch
(Optional)
8. Space for second
flash memory chipHEMANTH RAJ (hmnthrj@gmail.com)

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