The Kansas Geographic Alliance created this presentation to support the integration of geography and history.

1.
Teaching with Maps
American Presidents Activity

3. Group 1: 1789-1861
Home states of
Presidents 1789-1861

4. Group 2: 1861-1929
Home states of
Presidents 1861-1929

5. 1789-1929
Home states of
Presidents 1789-1861
Home states of
Presidents 1861-1929

6. Group 3: 1929-2009
Home states of
Presidents 1861-1929

7. 1789-2009
Home states of
Presidents 1789-1861
Home states of
Presidents 1861-1929
Home states of
Presidents 1929-2009

8. American Presidents Activity
• This is an example of linking history and
geography
!
• It also has students engaged in thinking
about spatial patterns – working on
vocabulary related to describing pattern
• The activity also uses dual coding [both text
and graphics]

9. Pattern
• The arrangement of objects
• Are they random or regularly spaced?
• Are there clusters, strings, rings, waves, other non-random
arrangements of features?
• Pattern enables the brain to recognize that some kind of external
force or process may be influencing the locations of things.

10. Teaching with Maps & Graphs
!
Kansas Geographic Alliance
!
!
John Harrington Jr. [Geography]
jharrin@ksu.edu
Lisa Tabor [Curriculum & Instruction]
lkt7779@ksu.edu

11. Kansas Geographic Alliance
• Our mission is to promote and support geographic literacy
and education throughout Kansas
• http://www.k-state.edu/kga/index.html
• Coordinator = John Harrington, Jr., Kansas State University
• Co-Coordinator = Paul Phillips, Fort Hays State University
• Graduate Assistant = Lisa Tabor

12. Kansas Geographic Alliance (KGA)
• Established in coordination with the National Geographic
Society’s Education Foundation in 1991
• The State of Kansas has provided one-time funding (in the
late 1990s) to help endow the activities of the KGA
• We have a 50% endowment: $250,000 from the state,
which was matched by NGS – there is “financial” room to
improve

13. Images help students ‘see’ the connections
Jan 13, 2013

14. Ways to improve intellectually
A picture is worth 1,000 words
•
•
•
•
Literacy
Articulacy
Numeracy
Graphicacy
– Maps & charts

15. Olden
days
Horse and
buggy
!
Model T
Now
Fuel
efficient
hybrid

16. This is your brain
This is your
brain
in Kansas

17. Dual (or Multi) Coding
• A
general
theory
of
cognition
• Verbal
+
non-­‐verbal
– non-­‐verbal
can
be
any
of
the
five
senses,
not
specifically
visual
• Results
of
dual
coding
indicate
that
learning
and
retention
of
knowledge
improves
for
both
subjects

18. Teaching
with
Maps
a
way
to
incorporate
dual-­‐coding
• Use
of
words
and
pictures
instead
of
just
words
alone
• Present
pictures
and
corresponding
narration
close
together
in
space
and
time
• Minimize
extra
details
at
the
beginning
(Paivio
2006)
• Lots
of
history
and
geography
examples
http://faculty.nwacc.edu/abrown/WesternCiv/
Articles.html
http://storiesofusa.com/american-expansion-marbury-madison-thomasjefferson-louisiana-purAchase-lewis-clark-journey-war-1812-missouricompromise-monroe-doctrine-indian-removal-act-battle-alamo-mexicanamerican-war-1803-1853/
http://geology.com/world/the-united-statesof-america-physical-map.shtml

19. Teaching Subjects Together
• Majority of social studies time spent on history
!
• Coupling geography with history (lots of
references)
!
• The students learn their history
better + geographers are happy,
the student’s spatial awareness
increases as well
!
• Dual-encoding enables the
teaching of integrated subjects

20. Teaching with Maps
• Good way to use dual-encoding and teach two (or more)
subjects together
• Map (or graphics or figures)
provide greater context for
student comprehension while
teaching them a skill
!
• Use either GIS or good ol’
paper maps!

21. Story Maps
www.esri.com/storymaps

22. Teaching Social Studies Using Story
Maps
– Civics/government – election year primary calendar (http://
storymaps.esri.com/primarycalendar/)
– Economics – top 10 most damaging US hurricanes of all time
(http://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2012/top-ten-hurricanes/)
– History – presidential assassinations (http://www.arcgis.com/apps/
MapTour/index.html?
appid=ab0a96fab64f42f2bdce5d4856f1cb86&webmap=70af364dd9
2749d8ba3e090d6f982609#)
– Current events - the venues at Sochi (http://story.maps.arcgis.com/
apps/MapTour/?appid=e88045ee56ae42d090470d3ca8287543)

23. National Geographic MapMaker
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/mapping/?ar_a=1

24. Aura
• The "zone of influence around an
object" (Gersmehl and Gersmehl 2007,
184) or “sphere of influence”
• How does a place affect its neighbors?
• What effect(s) does a feature have on
nearby areas?
• This is why it is important to consider
neighbors in deciding where to put things

25. Aura Activity
Geographic AURA of a new
missile based in North
Korea
(Gersmehl and Gersmehl 2005)
• North Korea is already one of
the world’s major producers of
guided missiles. According to
intelligence that is occasionally
reported in the newspaper, the
country is about to develop a
nuclear warhead that can
travel up to 500 miles on a
missile. If they put an atomic
bomb on their missile, what
places might be vulnerable to
attack?

26. Aura Activity
• Find North Korea on the map
– Zoom in if needed
!
• Using the drawing tool, locate and mark the following cities:
– Beijing, Hiroshima, Hong Kong, Osaka, Seoul, Shanghai,
Shenyang, Taipei, Tokyo, Hanoi & Vladivostok

27. Aura Activity
• Using the measure tool, measure 500 miles in each cardinal
direction from Pyongyang
!
• Using the drawing tool, draw a circle around the measurement
points
!
• If they put an atomic bomb on their missile, what places might
be vulnerable to attack?

28. Reactions to Aura Activity
• How else could you use the National
Geographic Map Maker?

29. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
any information system
capable of:
!
integrating, storing,
editing, sharing, analyzing,
and displaying
!
geographically referenced
information
John Snow's 1855 map of the Soho cholera
outbreak showing the clusters of cholera cases
in the London epidemic of 1854

30. Learning to Think Spatially: GIS as a
Support System in the K-12 Curriculum
• GIS is an established technology with growing
relevance and applicability in the contemporary K-12
classroom
!
• National Research Council (2006)

31. GIS in the World Around Us
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mapping
Planning and zoning
Disaster relief
Route planning
Crime analysis
Health

32. Learning how to use a GIS online
• Introduction and demonstration of ArcGIS
Online
• Start using a GIS to make your own web
maps
!
•
http://geospatialrevolution.psu.edu/trailer.php

33. Esri ArcGIS Statewide K-12 Site
License for Kansas
• To support education efforts around this
revolution, ESRI, the world’s Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) software leader, and
the Kansas Department of Education have
partnered to provide every public, private and
charter K-12 school throughout the state free
access to ESRI’s state-of-the-art GIS software,
ArcGIS, and training

34. ArcGIS Online
What Is It?
• Online mapping program
•
•
•
•
How can it benefit
education?
• Supports GIS as a way to
prepare the next generation
Create interactive web maps
of spatial thinkers
using provided data or your
!
own data
• Web-based GIS now offers
Share maps on the internet
spatial analysis and
interactive mapping
Access content shared by
!
other users
• Benefits to online mapping for
There are hundreds of maps
education: publication,
ready for you to use
sharing, storage, privacy,
analysis tools, collaboration,
and ease of access

35. The ArcGIS Online Home Page
www.arcgis.com/home

36. Gallery of
publicly
available web
maps
How to navigate
to a blank web
map
Sign in to create
an account and
save your maps
Search box
for web
maps
Currently
featured
maps

37. If you typed in the search box, looking for
a map…

38. …this is what the search box results page
looks like…
Click on the
title to
open the
map of
your choice

39. …this is the map information page…
General
map
information
How to
open the
map
A list of
the data
the map
contains

40. …more specifically how to open a
map…
There are three different programs
that can be used to open this map,
select “Open in ArcGIS.com map
viewer” to use ArcGIS Online

41. …now that you map is open, here is how
to navigate the web map…

42. The details side window
can displays your map
information
Click basemap to open the
basemap menu to select and
change the basemap type
Displays any
bookmarks that
are set up
within the map
Measure
between
features on the
map

43. …using the details side window…
About this map
button displays
map details
Contents button
displays the map
layers
Legend button
displays the
active map
layers legend

44. Introduction to ArcGIS Online
• Esri Education Community 5 x 5 activity
!
• Pick three of the activities to complete
!
• Complete individually or in pairs

45. Reactions to 5x5 Activity

46. Work time – find something useful to
you
• Working individually or in pairs
!
• Identify 1-2 maps, story maps, or ways to
use the map maker that you could use in
your classroom now
!
• Prepare to share with the group:
– What map you have made and/or found
– How you plan to use it

47. Share your ideas!
• Share with the group:
– What map you have found
– What resource you used
– How you plan to use it (be specific)

48. Teaching with
Maps & Graphs
• Gee, my lecture will
be better for student
learning - if I just add
a visual

49. Geography Is!
“The world and everything in
it”
Alexander Graham Bell