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Dynamic Analysis



Tudor Gîrba
www.tudorgirba.com
Dynamic analysis is the analysis of the properties of a
running program




                                                              9
                                                   Ball 199
Dynamic analysis is the analysis of the properties of a
running program

                                  prope rties?
                           W  hat




                                                              9
                                                   Ball 199
main()
method()
method2(param)
e infor mation
                  offers precis
     ic an alysis
Dynam
ment
         instru and why
H ow to
     t to c apture
Wha          odel
 Ho w to m cute
 What   to exe
How to instrument
…
public class BankAccount {
  private Money balance;

  public void deposit(Money amount) {
     System.out.println(“deposit“);
     this.balance += money;

 }
}
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
…
public class BankAccount {
  private Money balance;

  public void deposit(Money amount) {
     logger.info(“deposit“);
     this.balance += money;

 }
}
Method Wrappers and Aspects intervene before
      and after each interesting method
Profilers probe the system
3+4


pushConstant: 3
pushConstant: 4
popIntoTemp: 0 
 
 
 
 
 “put argument in temp 0”
                
popIntoTemp: 1 
 
 
 
 
 “put receiver in temp 1”
                
send: +

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 “perform addition”
returnTop
3+4
… insertBefore: 'Transcript show: <meta: #receiver>'
pushConstant: 3
pushConstant: 4
popIntoTemp: 0 
 
 
 
 
                
           quot;put argument in temp 0quot;
popIntoTemp: 1 
 
 
 
 
                
           quot;put receiver in temp 1quot;
pushLit: ##Transcript 
 
   quot;start of inserted codequot;
pushTemp: 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   quot;push receiver for
   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    printingquot;
send: asString
send: show:
pop 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   quot;end of inserted codequot;
pushTemp: 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   quot;rebuild the stackquot;
pushTemp: 0
send: +
returnTop                                              8
                                           Den ker 200
3+4




  Message (+)



                 Receiver (3)



                Arguments (4)

                                               00   7
                                Denke r etal 2
3+4
… insertBefore: 'Transcript show: <meta: #receiver>'


                     before       Transcript show: <meta: #receiver>

    Message (+)



                   Receiver (3)



                  Arguments (4)

                                                                    00   7
                                                     Denke r etal 2
How to instrument
How to instrument
What to capture and why
Collecting Garbage is a Dynamic Analysis
The Control Flow is the most common focus
8
     Pauw etal 199
De
8
     Pauw etal 199
De
8
     Pauw etal 199
De
Trace Signals reveal similar execution traces




                                            eevy 2006
                                    Kuhn, Gr
Inter Class Call Matrix shows how classes
          collaborate at runtime




                                                  3
                                     Pauw etal 199
                                De
Communication Interaction shows how classes
         collaborate at runtime




                                                    4
                                      casse etal 200
                                 Du
How to instrument
What to capture and why
How to instrument
What to capture and why
How to model
sender
0..1    *
Activation
Class
 sender                 1
0..1    *               *
Activation   *   1
                     Method
A feature is an observable unit of behavior of a system
triggered by the user




                                                   arth e tal 2003
                                             Eisenb
Feature 1   Feature 2   ...   Feature n
Class
 sender                 1
0..1    *               *
Activation   *   1
                     Method
Class
 sender                 1
0..1    *               *
Activation   *   1
                     Method
       *



 Feature
5
 ilde, Sc ully 199
W
5
 ilde, Sc ully 199
W
5
 ilde, Sc ully 199
W
Software Reconnaissance identifies
 where features are implemented




                                               5
                              ilde, Sc ully 199
                            W
er 2004
      n  , Demey
Zaidma
Feature Views show how features cover classes




                                          e tal 2006
    addFolder   addPage            Greevy
addFolder   addPage
Team Collaboration shows how
   authors develop features




                                e tal 2007
                         Greevy
How to instrument
What to capture and why
How to model
How to instrument
What to capture and why
How to model




                                          activations
                                metho   d
                      more than
      e runt ime is
 Th
return
return




         field-read
return


field-write

                      field-read
return


field-write

                       field-read
     return
return


field-write                 field-read

                                                       field-read
     return
                                  parameter

              allocation
Object Flow captures object aliases




                                             9
                               Lienh ard 200
Object Flow captures object aliases




                                             9
                               Lienh ard 200
Class
 sender                 1
0..1    *               *
Activation   *   1
                     Method
       *



 Feature
*                    1
Instance                            Class
                sender                 1
               0..1    *               *
               Activation   *   1
                                    Method
                      *



                Feature
subject                                       1
                        Instance       *                        Class
                                            sender                 1

          *                                0..1    *               *
0..1                                       Activation   *   1
              Alias       receiver                              Method
 parent
                                                  *
                                     creator


                                            Feature
subject                                             1                1
                           Instance       *                              Class
                                               sender                       1

             *                                0..1    *                     *
0..1                                          Activation      *      1
                 Alias       receiver                                    Method
 parent
                                                     *
                                        creator

                                                                                          *
                                               Feature                            Attribute



          ArgumentAlias        ReturnAlias               TempAlias       FieldAlias
Object Flow shows how objects move




                                      e tal 2007
                            L ienhard
Object Dependencies reveal features dependencies




                          Open      Join Channel
                          Connect   Send Message


                                              e tal 2007
                                    L ienhard
ontains
                                   stack c ause
                       e execution     bug’s c
                ases th on about the
        of the c formati
In 50% ly no in
 ess ential




                                                             5
                                             Liblit etal 200
Back in time debuggers remember
   more than the current stack




                                      08
                             Fierz 20
How to instrument
What to capture and why
How to model




                                          activations
                                metho   d
                      more than
      e runt ime is
 Th
How to instrument
What to capture and why
How to model
What to execute




                                          activations
                                metho   d
                      more than
      e runt ime is
 Th
Tudor Gîrba
       www.tudorgirba.com




creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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