Catastrophic Earthquakes in China PART I
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS: LANDSLIDES. Large volume landslides occur in association with an earthquake’s ground shaking or a typhoon’s rainfall. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
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Catastrophic Earthquakes in China PART I
- 1. MAP OF CHINA’S PROVINCES
- 2. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS PART III D: CHINA LANDSLIDES
- 3. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK FLOODS GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE RESILIENCE TYPHOONS ENACT AND IMPLEMENT ENACT AND IMPLEMENT EARTHQUAKES POLICIES HAVING HIGH POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR BENEFIT/COST FOR LANDSLIDESS COMMUNITY COMMUNITY RESILIENCE RESILIENCE DROUGHT EPISODES GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
- 4. LANDSLIDE RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK • LANDSLIDE HAZARDS RISK • BLDG. INVENTORY • UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY • LOCATION GOAL: LANDSLIDE CHINA’S DISASTER RESILIENCE DATA BASES AND INFORMATION COMMUNITIES POLICY OPTIONS • PREPAREDNESS HAZARDS: • PROTECTION GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE • EARLY WARNING SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC • EMERGENCY RESPONSE DEFORMATION • RECOVERY and TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS RECONSTRUCTION
- 5. TOWARDS LANDSLIDE DISASTER RESILIENCE RISK ASSESSMENT • VULNERABILITY • COST • EXPOSURE LAND- LAND- EXPECTED POLICY SLIDES EXPECTED POLICY SLIDES • EVENT LOSS LOSS ADOPTION ADOPTION • BENEFIT POLICY •CONSEQUENCES ASSESSMENT
- 6. MAP OF CHINA’S PROVINCES
- 7. LANDSLIDES LARGE VOLUME LANDSLIDES OCCUR IN ASSOCIATION WITH AN EARTHQUAKE’S GROUND SHAKING OR A TYPHOON’S RAINFALL
- 8. M8.0 BEICHUAN EARTHQUAKE GENERATED LARGE VOLUME LANDLIDES 2:30 PM LOCAL TIME MAY 12, 2008
- 9. BEICHUAN, CHINA EARTHQUAKE: MAY 12, 2008
- 10. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EARTHQUAKE • Epicenter was located 100 km (60 miles) from Chengdu, the provincial capital, which is on edge of the Tibetan foothills and home to about 10 million people. • This earthquake occurred on a well known fault zone, which has generated destructive earthquakes in the past (e.g., on 25 August 1933).
- 11. CHANGDU, 100 KM FROM EPICENTER
- 12. COMPARISON WITH 1976 TANGSHAN EARTHQUAKE • The Beichuan earthquake was more than 2 x larger than the July 28,1976 Tangshan earthquake, which caused 255,000+ deaths.
- 13. EMERGENCY RESOURCES • More than 20,000 military personnel were ordered immediately to assist in high- damage areas. • The number was increased substantially to deal with the “earthquake lakes.”
- 14. SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF THE LANDSLIDES • Some roads were impassable because of landslides, which hindered search and rescue,--- • but, worst of all, 69 unique “earthquake lakes” were created by the landslides in mountainous regions.
- 15. CAUSES OF DAMAGE CAUSES OF DAMAGE SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE LANDSLIDES LANDSLIDES TO SPREADS SOIL AND ROCK CASE HISTORIES CASE HISTORIES SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
- 19. 69 EARTHQUAKE LAKES Created by the quake- induced landslides
- 20. ONE OF 69 "QUAKE LAKES": BEI HE RIVER DAMMED BY LANDSLIDE DEBRIS
- 21. DAYS 14-17: CHINA EARTHQUAKE SURVIVORS NOW HAVING TO COPE WITH THREAT OF FLOODS FROM 69 EARTHQUAKE LAKES
- 22. DAYS 14-17: GOVERNMENT MAKES RISK REDUCTION ON 69 "QUAKE LAKES" A TOP PRIORITY •Sixty-nine “Quake Lakes” created in mountainous areas by the debris from landslides appeared ready to burst their banks, and continuing rainfall was exacerbating the threat.
- 23. $29 million in emergency funds and increased military resources were allocated for the priority effort.
- 24. DAYS 14-17: GOVERNMENT PLANS EVACUATIONS TO REDUCE RISK IF A "QUAKE LAKE" SHOULD BURST •Authorities announced plans to evacuate more than a million people in anticipation of failure of the rock-and-mud embankments.
- 25. EVACUATION CHALLENGE •Evacuation would have to be accomplished within one to four hours, the time for the wall of water to reach and inundate scores of cities and rural villages that were already devastated.
- 26. BEICHUAN: 3.3 KM (2 MI) DOWN- STREAM FROM A "QUAKE LAKE"
- 27. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NATURAL HAZARDS • CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
- 29. EVACUATIONS TO ESCAPE FLOODING THREAT
- 30. EVACUATING
- 31. EVERYONE GOES
- 32. THIRTY GIANT EARTHMOVERS FLOWN IN TO QUAKE LAKES
- 33. SOLDIERS DISPATCHED TO CREATE DIVERSION CHANNELS
- 34. GOAL: A DIVERSION CHANNEL IN FIVE DAYS OR LESS
- 35. EVERY HOUR IS IMPORTANT
- 36. TANGJIASHAN, LARGEST OF 69 "QUAKE LAKES"
- 37. RISING WATER IN TANGJIASHAN CAUSES EVACUATION OF YULI, MAY 31
- 39. NO DAMAGE TO THREE GORGES DAM:1,000 KM AWAY
- 40. SOLDIERS REPAIR CRACKS IN ZIPINGPU DAM:DUJIANGYAN
- 41. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NATURAL HAZARDS • CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.