5. The Development of Language: A Critical Period in Humans A critical period for learning language is shown by the decline in language ability (fluency) of non-native speakers of English as a function of their age upon arrival in the United States
30. Information might therefore travel between these last two areas either directly, via the arcuate fasciculus, or by a second, parallel route that passes through the inferior parietal lobule.
35. Damage to these areas does not cause an aphasia in the proper sense but impairs the initiation of movement (akinesia) and causes mutism, the complete absence of speech.
36. Mutism is a rarity in aphasic patients and is seen only during the very early stages of the condition.
42. In deaf infants, meaningful hand shapes increase as a percentage of manual activity between ages 10 and 14 months.
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46. Women have the reputation of being able to talk and listen while doing all sorts of things at the same time,
47. Men supposedly prefer to talk or hear about various things in succession rather than simultaneously.
48. Women language is more widespread in both hemisphere while in men more left lateralized (Brain scan studies)
49. Women also have more nerve fibres connecting the two hemispheres of their brains, which also suggests that more information is exchanged between them.
50. The males’ higher levels of testosterone, which delays the development of the left hemisphere
54. Auditory Comprehension Identification of object, action, letter, color, form, number Body part identification Command: One step, two step, three step Complex ideational material Two sentences (Boat/ Stone sink in water) Story -> question
55. Repetition, Naming, Reading Repetition: Word, Phrase, Sentence Naming: Responsive naming (what do we tell time with) Visual conform naming: object, action, letter, color, form, number Body part naming Animal, vegetable, fruit naming Oral reading Word, Phrase, Sentence
57. Writing Mechanical: Name, address Serial writing Primer level dictation: letter, number, word, sentence and paragraph Writing confrontation naming Narrative writing
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59. Aphasias Naming, writing, reading aloud impaired in all types Writing comprehension poor in sensory aphasias Copying impaired in Wernicke’s Other Pure Syndromes Pure word deafness (Auditory word agnosia) Pure word blindness (Alexia) Aphemia Agraphia Anomia Subcortical, thalamic and puaminal aphasias