3. The Disease…..
• The Chikungunya name is derived from the
Swahili word meaning “ that which bends up “in
reference to the stooped posture developed as a
result of the arthralgia (severe joint pains).
•The clinical features of Chikungunya ( CHK )
are fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, myalgia,
rash and arthralgia.www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
4. The Disease…….
► The clinical diagnosis is often confused with
that of Dengue fever because CHK virus
circulates in regions where Dengue ( DEN )
virus is also endemic.
► The most significant symptom is arthralgia
which is present in large number of cases.
► Some cases may develop morbilliform rash on
2nd to 5th day of onset.
► Hemorrhagic manifestation though not common
occurs in few cases; are consisted of bleeding
gums, epistaxis, hematemesis and very rarely
blood in stool. www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
5. Period of Illness
• Illness is often acute and lasts for 3 to 5 days.
• In few cases it may be upto 10 days or more.
• Convalescence is usually prolonged and
characterized by marked weakness and pain in
joints.
Incubation period
• It is usually 2 to 12 days (Commonly 3 to 5
days). www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
6. Age group
•The disease affects all age groups.
Morbidity
• Ranging from 30 % to 70 % of population in affected
village / ward.
Mortality
• Negligible
The virus
• CHK virus belongs to family Togaviridae, genus Alpha
virus and subgroup semliki forest Venezuelan ( SFV )
equine encephalitis.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
7. Distribution and Epidemiology
• Basically recognized as a urban disease, clinically very
similar to Dengue, mis-diagnosis is not unusual.
• The virus was first isolated from the serum of febrile
human case in Tanzania in 1953.
• Chikungunya have spread to tropical parts of Africa,
America and Asia.
• In India first outbreak was recorded in Kolkata in
1963 followed by East coastal area like Chennai,
Pondichery, Vellore and Vishakhapattanam in 1964.
• Later it was recorded in 1965 in central part of India
i.e. Rajmundri, Kakinada ( AP ) and Nagpur.www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
8. Distribution and Epidemiology
• Epidemiological investigation of a febrile illness episode at Nagpur
in 1965 showed that incidence was as high as 40 to 70 % in certain
wards.
• Mortality was negligible. The Sera from contacts showed antibodies
to CHK virus in 45 % cases.
• All the age-groups were affected. In Maharashtra state sporadic
cases were reported in 1973, 1983 & 2000.
• Morbidity in Barshi, Maharashtra in 1973 was about 37.5 %.
• Recently the cases of Chikungunya are reported from villages
Mungi, Balamtakli & Madhi in Ahemadnagar dist; Malegaon city in
Nashik dist and Purna town in Parbhani dist.
• In India the virus was known to be involved in large scale
epidemics.
• However, in recent studies the virus has been isolated in Dengue
endemic areas, suggesting involvement of virus in endemic situations.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
9. Maintenance of CHK virus in nature
• The virus is maintained in nature at a low level
in man-mosquito-man cycle.
• The survival of CHK virus in nature is also
through transovarial transmission ( TOT ) in
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
10. Diagnosis
1. Isolation of virus.
2. Demonstrating four fold or greater rise in
antibody titer.
3. ELISA testing for IgM antibody.
4. Diagnosis by RT – PCR Test.
The antibody titer will be positive
after 5th day of illness only.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
11. Treatment
• No vaccine is available for prevention of
CHK.
• The treatment of patient is symptomatic
particularly by anti inflammatory drugs.
• The steroids are not to be used in
treatment.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
12. Vectors
• In India Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of this
virus.
• It can be transmitted by Aedes albopictus & Aedes
vitatus.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
13. Life Cycle of Aedes aegypti
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
14. About Aedes aegypti………..
Feeding Habit
• Day biter
• Mainly feeds on human beings in domestic and
peridomestic situations
• Bites repeatedly
Resting Habit
• Rests in the domestic and peridomestic situations
• Rests in the dark corners of the houses, on hanging
objects like clothes, umbrella, etc. or under the furniture
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
15. About Aedes aegypti………..
BREEDING HABITS
• Aedes aegypti mosquito breeds in
any type of man made containers or
storage containers having even a small
quantity of water
• Eggs of Aedes aegypti can live without
water for more than one year
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
16. About Aedes aegypti………..
FAVOURED BREEDING PLACES
• Desert coolers, Drums, Jars, Pots, Buckets.
• Flower vases, Plant saucers, Tanks, Cisterns.
• Bottles, Tins, Tyres, Roof gutters.
• Refrigerator drip pans, Cement blocks.
• Bamboo stumps, Coconut shells, Tree holes and
many more places where rainwater
collects or is stored.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
17. Prevention and Control of Chikungunya
Measures for prevention and control of
CHK are the avoidance of mosquito bites and
reduction in density of vector.
Control measures are centered on:
• Avoidance of mosquito bites and reduction in the density
of vectors.
• Mosquitoes receiving sub-lethal dosages of insecticides
may have effect on CHIK virus- susceptibility of
Ae.aegypti
• All the preventive measures advocated for control of
Ae.aegypti needs to be adopted.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
18. 1.PERSONAL PROPHALATIC MEASURES
• Use of mosquito repellent creams, liquids, coils, mats
etc.
• Wearing of full sleeve shirts and full pants with socks.
• Use of bed nets for sleeping infants and young children
during day time to prevent mosquito bite.
2. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
• Use of larvivorous fishes in ornamental tanks, fountains,
etc.
• Use of biocides.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
19. 3. CHEMICAL CONTROL
• Use of chemical larvicides like abate in big breeding
containers.
• Aerosol space spray during day time.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & SOURCE
REDUCTION METHODS
• Detection & elimination of mosquito breeding sources.
• Management of roof tops, porticos and sunshades.
• Proper covering of stored water.
• Reliable water supply.
• Observation of weekly dry day.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
20. 5. HEALTH EDUCATION
• Impart knowledge to common people regarding the
disease and vector through various media sources like
News paper, Pamphlets, Exhibitions, TV, Radio, Cinema
slides, etc.
6. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
• Sensitilizing and involving the community for detection
of Aedes breeding places and their elimination
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
21. DO’S AND DON’TS
• Remove water from coolers and other small containers
at least once in a week.
• Use aerosol during day time to prevent the bites of
mosquitoes.
• Do not wear clothes that expose arms and legs.
• Children should not be allowed to play in shorts and half
sleeved clothes.
• Use mosquito nets or mosquito repellents while sleeping
during day time.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
