Plastic Pollution Presentation By AnkitMishra

Topics To Be Covered
• Introduction
• Composition & Synthesis
• Types of Plastic & Their Uses
• Disadvantages
• Statistics
• Impact on Environment
• Plastic Waste Management
• Measures To Be Taken
• Conclusion
EEES Presentation │Topic- Plastic Pollution & Management│ CS-1 | Ankit Mishra | Arun Choudhary

Introduction
The word plastic is derived from the Greek (plastikos)
meaning capable of being shaped or molded.
Plastics are a range of synthetic or semi-synthetic polymerization
products that can be molded into a permanent object having the
property of plasticity.
Properties of Plastics
Resistant Durable Insulator Inexpensive
About 100 million tones of plastic is produced each year.
Easy to
produce

Oxygen,200 °C
Composition
Ethene Polythene (LDPE)
(CH2=CH2) 2000 atm ([-CH2-CH2-]n)
Most plastics contain organic polymers. The vast majority of these polymers are based on
chains of carbon atoms alone or with oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen as well.
 Most plastics contain Additives (0 to 50%). The average content of additives is 20%
by weight of the polymer.
 Fillers are used to improve performance and to reduce costs.
 Stabilizers like fire retardants are used to lower the flammability of the material.

Composition
Plastics that are made up of polymers
having only aliphatic (linear) C atoms
in their backbone chains. Ex -
polypropylene polypropylene
Plastics that are made up of heterochain
polymers contain O, N, S in their backbone
chains, in addition to C. Ex - polycarbonate
polycarbonate
Plastic behaviour of polymers is influenced by their morphology (arrangement of
molecules ). They’re either amorphous or crystalline. Most thermosets are amorphous,
while thermoplastics may be amorphous or semi crystalline.

Classification
Thermoplastic
Thermosetting
• Plastics that do not undergo
chemical change in their
composition when heated and can
be molded again and again.
• Thermosets are permanently "set"
once they're initially formed and
can't be melted.
80% of the plastics produced are thermoplastics and of these Polyethylene, Polypropylene,
Polystyrene and Polyvinylchoride (PVC) are most commonly used (70%)

Reaction On Heating
Thermoplastic
Uses includes
plastic wrap, food
containers,
lighting panels,
garden hoses, and
the plastic bag.
Thermoset
Uses includes
kitchen tools,
glues, varnishes,
electronic
components
(circuit boards).

Classification
Type Expansion Uses
PEPT
HDPE
PVC
LDPE
PP
PS
Poly Ethylene Pterephthalat
High-density polyethylene
Polyvinyl chloride
Low-density polyethylene
Polypropylene -P
Polystyrene
Fizzy drink bottles and oven-ready
meal trays
Bottles for milk and washing-up
liquids.
Food trays, bottles for squash,
mineral water and shampoo.
Carrier bags and bin liners.
Microwaveable meal trays,
margarine tubs
Pots, trays, boxes ,cartons, cups,
plastic cutlery, packaging , toys

Types of Plastic products
 PLASTIC BAGS
 COATINGS
 FURNITURE
 SHEETS
 FITTINGS
 TANKS
 TOYS
 BUCKETS
 SANITARYWARE
 STATIONERY

POLLUTANTS FROM PLASTIC
Plastics Release Pollutants:
•Poly brominated di-phenyl ethers (PBDE)
•Nonylphenolls
•Bisphenol A
•Phthalates
Plastics Absorb Hydrophobic Pollutants:
•Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
•Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloro ethane (DDT)
•Dichloro Diphenyl Dichloro ethylene (DDE)
PVC when burned result in emissions of the deadly poisons named dioxin.
Dioxins are highly persistent compounds, with the potential to become increasingly
concentrated in living tissues as they move up the food chain. It is often considered to be the
man-made compound most toxic to animals.

Why is there ‘so much’ Plastic Pollution??
We currently recover only 5% of the plastics we produce.
Pollution exists today due to the society's lack of environmental
awareness & the ease of simply littering plastics. 

Who is Affected?
The species that is most affected is the
marine, aquatic population.
To a sea turtle, a floating plastic bag looks
like a jellyfish.
When they eat these plastics, it clogs their
intestines, and they miss out on vital
nutrients, and ultimately starve to death.
Other types of loose plastics entangle birds,
fish and mammals, making it difficult, if not
impossible to move or eat, which too leads to
their ultimate demise.

Who is Affected?
0.05% of plastic pieces from surface
waters are pellets
They comprise about 70% of the plastic
eaten by seabirds.
These plastic particles have been found
in the stomachs of 63 of the world's
approximately 250 species of seabirds.
Birds and other marine animals gets
trapped in plastic shopping bags, which
suffocate them to death.
Plastic bags and other plastic garbage thrown into the ocean kill as many
as 1 million sea creatures every year.

Plastic Statistics
Plastics Consumption Worldwide

Plastics > Statistics
Each year, an estimated 500 billion to 1 trillion plastic bags are consumed
worldwide. That's over 1 million plastic bags used per minute.
Scientists estimate that every square mile of ocean
contains about 46,000 pieces of floating plastic.
Plastic bags can take up to 1,000 years to break down.
At least 267 different species are known to have suffered from
entanglement or ingestion of plastic marine debris.
Only 14% of plastic water bottles are recycled.
Packaging now accounts for 1/3 of all household waste.

World plastic Production
The per capita consumption of
plastic in the country is 10.2 kg in
2012.
It is expected to go up to 12 kg
by 2014.
By 2012, India is also projected to be the third largest consumer market for
plastic goods with a consumption of 12.5 million tonnes per annum, behind US
and China.

Agriculture
7%
Transport
8%
Furniture/Houseware
8%
Electrical and Electronics
8%
Building and
Construction
23%
Footwear
1%
Packaging
35%
Medical
2%
Mechanical Engineering
2%
Toys/Sports
3%
Other
3%
Percentage of Plastic used in different fields

Plastic Bag Statistics
Total number of plastic bags used worldwide annually 1 trillion
Total number of plastic bags China consumes everyday 3 billion
Total number of plastic bags used every minute 1 million
Total number of years it takes for a plastic bag to degrade 1,000 years
Total amount of plastic bags that were discarded in 2008 3.5 million tons
Total amount of plastic floating in every square mile of ocean 46,000 pieces
Average plastic bags consumed per family in 4 trips to the grocery store 60
Percent of plastic made every year that will end up in the ocean 10%
Percent of household waste that is plastic 11%

Is It Really Harmful??
Yes, it is..
 When we eat or drink things stored in plastic,
plastic is incorporated into us.
 Plastic is one of the few chemical materials which
pose environmental problem.
 Plastic is biologically quite inert, hence regarded to
be more an aesthetic nuisance than a hazard.
 Plastic is cheap, it gets discarded easily, and, its
persistence in the environment can do great harm.
 It causes immune and enzyme disorders, hormonal
disruption leading to endocrinal disorders and even
infertility and is also considered as carcinogenic
(cancer).
 Not only human health, it dangerously effects
other animal life and alters the environmental (air,
water and soil) sustainability causing hazardous
pollution.

How does plastic waste impact oceans?
Plastic is accumulating at an alarming rate in our
oceans - wreaking havoc on wildlife, polluting our
beaches and entering our food chain.
Our addiction to use-and-toss items is causing this
growing problem.
Plastic bags pose a serious danger to birds and
marine animals that often mistake them for
food.
Thousands of marine animals and more than 1
million birds die each year as a result of plastic
pollution.

What Is Great Pacific Garbage Patch?
•An island of plastic 6 times the size
of Vietnam in Central North Pacific
Ocean.
•Over 300,000 pieces of plastic/sq.
mile.
•Plastic outnumbers plankton 6 to 1.
•80% of plastic from land-based
sources, 20% from ships.
Estimates of size range from 700,000 square km to more than 15,000,000
square km (0.41% to 8.1% of the size of the Pacific Ocean).

Impact on Environment
 Plastic is ubiquitous in our lives because
it is convenient and relatively inexpensive.
 Its convenience comes from being
lightweight and its ability to absorb impact
shock without breaking.
 Plastics are so versatile in use that their
impacts on environment are extremely wide
ranging, posing serious challenge for disposal.
Careless disposal of plastic bags chokes drains, blocks the porosity of the soil,
and causes problems for groundwater recharge. Due to its non-biodegradable
nature, littering of plastics causes irreversible damage to the environment.

Disadvantages of Plastic Bottles
Hard to
Decompo
se
DISADVANTAGES
Non-
Renewa
ble
Hard to
Reuse
Difficult
to
Recycle
Threat to
Animals
Toxic
Plastic bags, once ingested, cannot be digested or passed by an animal
so it stays in the gut. Plastic in an animal’s gut can prevent food digestion
and can lead to a very slow and painful death.

Disadvantages of Plastic Bottles
Difficult To Recycle Glass bottles can be melted and
easily reused, as can tin cans.
Recycling plastic is not so simple.
Water bottles are often reused in the
home but become less and less sturdy
over time and are ultimately thrown away.
Plastic is manufactured using oil by-products and
natural gas, materials that could be used in numerous
other applications.

Disadvantages of Plastic Products
As many as 100,000 whales,
turtles and birds have been
reported to die every year,
because of plastic in
environment.
Plastic not only have adverse
effects on our natural habitats,
but have also been found to be
responsible for the death of
many animals, mainly on
account of the suffocation
encountered on eating them.

ALTERNATIVES
Plastic bags take between 15 to 1000
years to degrade.
The detoxins and other chemical
pollutants released from them are a
Serious threat to be tackled.
Paper , Cloth, Jute, Cane, etc., are the
most preferable but still controversial.
Designing eco-friendly, biodegradable plastics is the need of the hour. Though partially
biodegradable plastics have been developed and used, completely biodegradable plastics based
on renewable starch rather than petrochemicals have only recently been developed and are in
the early stages of commercialization.

What We Can Do?
Say NO to plastic check-out bags whilst shopping and buy reusable
bags or bring your own for your shopping instead.
Use Glass/Ceramic instead of plastic in Microwave.
Replace plastic travel mugs with stainless steel for hot beverages.
When you can’t avoid plastic, check container bottoms for recycling
codes (in triangle with chasing arrows). Choose those easily recycled.
Shop at the local farmer’s markets. Buy can instead of the plastic bottle .
The amount of oil needed to produce a years worth of plastic packaging
could fuel 480,000 cars for a year.

5R’s for Plastics!!
1. Reduce
2. Reuse
3. Recycle
4. Rebuy
AVOID
REDUCE
REUSE
RECYCLE
RECOVER
TREAT
DISPOSE

OUR RESPONSIBILITY
It's impossible to eliminate most plastic from daily life, but it's
prudent for our health & environment to curb the use of some.
Proper management for disposal and public awareness
would bring a great difference in present situation.
Overall reduction in plastic usage.
Hand over plastics properly for recycling or disposal.
Do not let plastic litter the environment.
PLASTIC
Act NOW …. SAVE EARTH

Plastic Waste Management
Sorting
Industrial
Waste
Commercial
Waste
Agricultural
Waste
Municipal
Waste
Collection
>> Pipes,Tubes
>> Miscelle
-neous
>> Bottles
>> Bags, Sheets
Extrusion
Injection
Moulding
Blow
Moulding
Film
Moulding
Sorting
Cleaning

Plastic Waste Management
 Disposing of plastic waste is trickier than
dealing with traditional landfill material.
Not only plastic take thousands of years to
break down, it can leach dangerous poison
into the environment.
Plastic is not going away, but how plastic
waste is managed is becoming more
sophisticated.
Managing plastic waste starts at home
with the consumer, but ultimately depends
on governments around the world as well.

Future of Plastic
Biodegradable plastic seems to show some light,
however, they too come with certain
disadvantages. When degraded, these emit
harmful Co2 and methane.
However, there is a recycled plastic curbstone,
which acts as a substitute to building materials.
“oxo-biodegradable” plastics are eco-friendly
as when degraded they emit no methane.
Many developing countries like India are banning
plastic bags. Instead of banning them, the plastic
bags should be utilized elsewhere.

What Can We Do To Save Our Environment?
 The two best changes we can do are:
 Use less plastics
 To reuse plastics when possible.
Lead by example
Ask your friends and family to join you
Speak to city council
Write letters to government officials
Get your institute involved
By using ONE reusable cloth bag, we can save up to 6 plastic bags a week
that translates into 24 bags a month or 288 bags a year that amounts to
22,176 bags in an average lifetime. 

Conclusion
• Enormous quantities of plastic are produced and used.
• It is convenient (use and throw away).
• Although some plastics are recyclable, not enough is
recycled.
• Plastic waste pose a serious threat to environment.
• Laws, economical measures and education help.
Should we really put our own selfish needs before the needs of everything
around us now and the lives of future generations? As a responsible citizen we
must take precautions while using plastic products, reduce the consumption,
and encourage others to do the same. ||THANK YOU   ||

Think…. Respond…. & Act NOW SAVE EARTH

CS-1|| EEES Presentation|| Plastic Waste & Management
Written & Designed By : ANKIT MISHRA
Guided by : Dr. Sadhana Vishwakarma
GROUP MEMBERS
Ankit Mishra
Arun Choudhary
Bhupendra Dangi
Bhuvnendra Soni
Topic Plastic Waste & Management
Institute Technocrats Institute Of Technology (Main), Bhopal
fb.com/djankit007

Plastic Pollution Presentation By AnkitMishra

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (20)

Semelhante a Plastic Pollution Presentation By AnkitMishra

Semelhante a Plastic Pollution Presentation By AnkitMishra (20)

Último

Último (20)

Plastic Pollution Presentation By AnkitMishra