about the effect of global warming.

1. GLACIER RECESSION AROUND THE WORLD PRESENTED BY: DINESH SINGH Third semester Manit-bhoapl

2. PRESENT PAST

6. Temperature data available since 1000 A.D. indicates that the 20th century was unusually warm and the decade of the 1990s was the hottest on record with six of the warmest years occurring in this last decade.

7. Recent examples of erratic weather patterns have been experienced by humans on a regular basis across the world with the Indian subcontinent being no exception.

9. One of the most important and visible indicators of climate change is the recession of glaciers in many parts of the World.

10. On a time scale recent glaciations occurred around 20,000 years ago as part of the earth’s paleo climatic history.

11. Although the recession of glaciers has been suggested by some scientists as a natural phenomenon, in the later half of 20th century,

13. With glacier coverage of 33,000 sq km, the region is aptly called the “Water Tower of Asia” as it provides around 86,000,000 cubic meters of water annually.

14. The changes in climate variability have led to a rapid retreat of mountain glacier systems which are considered the lifeline of river basins and ecosystems.

16. Gangotri valley Snout of the Gangotri Glacier, Uttarakhand

19. Satellite data has shown that the rate of retreat in the last three decades has been found to be more than three times the rate during the earlier 200 years or so.

20. The recession of the Gangotri glacier and potential impact from climate change.

21. It was preliminary observations by WWF India using modern technological methods like Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPS), indicates that the glacier continues to retreat from its earlier position.

23. But they also point out to the mushrooming huts and tents around the glacier used by a rising tide of pilgrims, who further increase the temperature by burning fossil fuels.

24. The river is also fed by a dwindling supply of subsoil streams.

26. Agassiz Glacier, U.S. (1913) (2005) Boulder Glacier, North America (1932) (2005)

27. Whitechuck Glacier ,U.S. (1973) (2006) The glacier retreated 1.9 kilometers (1.2 mi) Glacier Ururashraju , Peru (1986) (1999) Photographed in 1986 and 1999 The glacier Retreat about 500 M.

29. Glacier AX010, Nepal (1978) (2004)

30. Grinnell glacier, Glacier National Park, USA (1911) (2000) The Pasterze, Austria's longest glacier (2004) (1875) Was about 2 kilometers longer in the 19th C. but is now completely out of sight from this overlook on the Grossglockner High Road. The Margaritzen -Strausee, a dammed artificial lake, now is in the place where the glacier terminus was in 1875.

31. Portage Glacier, Alaska's (1950) (2002) (1914) (2004)

32. Mt. Hood Oregon,U.S. ( 1984) (2002) Athbasca Glacier, Jasper National Park, Canada (1919) (2005)

35. global mean temperature should increase by between 1.4 and 5.8°C (2.5 to 10°F).

36. the Northern Hemisphere cover should decrease further, but the Antarctic ice sheet should increase.

37. the sea level should rise by between 9 and 88 cm (3.5" to 35").

39. Using energy more efficiently and moving to renewable energy (wind, solar, geothermal, and bio energy) would significantly reduce our emissions of heat-trapping gases.

40. By creating new "free energy" sources like wind power or electric cars. We can slow down the effects of global warming.

43. Their really is no other secret recipe to stop global warming and find a solution.

45. SAVE OUR EARTH

46. very much for your kind attention!