1. Lesson 2 - The
Attkinson -Shiffrin’s
Multi Store Model
Friday, 13 April 2012

2. From Last Lesson.......
The processes of converting information into a form
that can be stored is known as______________,
whereas_______ is the process of recovering
information that has been stored.
Friday, 13 April 2012

3. From Last Lesson.......
The processes of converting information into a form
that can be stored is known as______________,
whereas_______ is the process of recovering
information that has been stored.
The Answer:
The processes of converting information into a form
that can be stored is known as Encoding, whereas
retrieval is the process of recovering information
that has been stored.
Friday, 13 April 2012

4. Friday, 13 April 2012

5. What you need to know and be able to do by the end of the
lesson
• Explain and evaluate the Atkinson-Shiffrin’s multi-store model of
memory, including the capacity and duration of each store
• Explain the purpose of maintenance, elaborative rehearsal and
chuncking
• Explain the ‘serial position effect’ in terms of evidence for the
Atkinson-Shiffrin’s multi-store model
Friday, 13 April 2012

6. Friday, 13 April 2012

7. Friday, 13 April 2012

8. MULTI-STORE MODEL
Friday, 13 April 2012

9. Sensory Memory
Refers to the initial, momentary recording of
information in our sense organs.
The sensory memory stores an unlimited
amount of information for up to a few seconds.
In general we are not aware of what is in our
sensory memory.
Friday, 13 April 2012

10. Sensory Registers
The sensory registers act as a sub system
briefly storing specific sensory information
Iconic Echoic
Friday, 13 April 2012

11. Iconic
The Iconic memory is the memory that deals
with visual sensory information.
It is thought that the iconic memory holds
exact copies, for 0.3 sec. Its storage capacity it
thought to be relatively unlimited.
Friday, 13 April 2012

12. Echoic
Our Echoic memory is the name applied the
sensory memory system that processes
auditory information.
It is thought that the echoic memory holds
exact copies, for 3-4 seconds. Its storage
capacity it thought to be relatively unlimited.
Friday, 13 April 2012

13. Sperling (1960)
You have 5min to read the pages 241-242 on share
with your partner the findings of Sperling’s study
Friday, 13 April 2012

14. Main Point
Participants could accurately recall the letters
in each row, no matter what the tone
specified. This means all the letters were
momentarily available in sensory memory.
Friday, 13 April 2012

15. Sensory to Short-Term
Memory
The information in sensory memory vanishes
unless it captures our attention and enters
short-term memory.
Attention is the to the STM
Friday, 13 April 2012

16. Short-Term Memory
(STM)
STM is the stage between sensory and long-
term memory. The short term memory is also
called working memory. This is because we
‘work with’ or manipulate the information. It is
not an exact replica.
Friday, 13 April 2012

17. STM TEST
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18. Properties of STM
Findings from such tests show that STM has the
capacity of 7 +/- 2
The STM retains items for approximately 20 sec
Friday, 13 April 2012

19. Improving the capacity
of STM
Chunking - this involves grouping bits of
information into meaningful units (chunks)
This increases the amount of information (i.e
capacity) that can be held in STM at one
time e.g. combining the digits 3,7,8 into
single number 378
Friday, 13 April 2012

20. Chunking
Friday, 13 April 2012

21. Improving the duration
of STM
Rehearsal: process of actively manipulating information to aid storage
and retrieval
Two main types:
Maintenance rehearsal - repetition of a sound or image over and
over in a rote, mechanical way without adding meaning to it
Elaborative rehearsal - reorganising new and existing information in
a meaningful way to aid storage and retrieval. E.g. Concept maps :)
Friday, 13 April 2012

22. Long- Term Memory
Capacity: Potentially unlimited
time
a life
up to
An ything
Duration:
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23. Evidence for the Multi-store Model
effect
position
rial
The se
Patients with Brain Damage
Friday, 13 April 2012

24. Criticisms of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model
Does not explain inter
action between memo
r y stores
Friday, 13 April 2012