SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 10
PRESENTED BY:- BIRENDER KUMAR
Basic   Definition
  „managing the employment
  relationship‟
                       (Tyson, 1987)
Assumption
  Employees  are the most important
  asset of the organization
 HRM     IS     THE      PROCESS     OF
 ACQUIRING, TRAINING, APPRAISING AND
 COMPENSATING     EMPLOYEES    AND    OF
 ATTENDING TO THEIR JOB RELATION, HEALTH
 AND SAFETY AND FAIRNESS CONCERNS.
INTERNATIONAL
 HUMAN RESOURCE
 MANAGEMENT
 It is not easy to provide a precise
  definition of international human
  resource management (IHRM). What
  an HR manager does in
 General Definition:-
           “Procurement, allocation, utilisatio
 n and motivation of Human Resources in
 International business.”
 Two   groups of variables that affects basic HR
  process
 1st – Types of employees
 2nd      –    Political,    economic,      legal
  environment, labour laws and practices
  prevailing in different countries
Difference between
 IHRM and Domestic
 HRM
 Responsible  for a greater number of
  functions and activities
 Broader knowledge of foreign country
  employment law
 Closely involved with employees lives
 Cope with more external influences
 Exposure to problems and liabilities
 Management of differential compensation
 Diversity management
 More coordination and travel
 More risk management
Presentarion on international human resource management

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Destaque

SWOT Analysis of Leading University, Sylhet.
SWOT Analysis of Leading University, Sylhet.SWOT Analysis of Leading University, Sylhet.
SWOT Analysis of Leading University, Sylhet.Jhantu Ghosh
 
A Business Idea upto the Feasibility Analysis: Entrepreneurship
A Business Idea upto the Feasibility Analysis: EntrepreneurshipA Business Idea upto the Feasibility Analysis: Entrepreneurship
A Business Idea upto the Feasibility Analysis: EntrepreneurshipSultan Islam
 
Partex presentation
Partex presentationPartex presentation
Partex presentationMoez Ansary
 
Presentation on Organization and Content of a Long Formal Report
Presentation on Organization and Content of a Long Formal ReportPresentation on Organization and Content of a Long Formal Report
Presentation on Organization and Content of a Long Formal ReportSabyasachi Uchchhwas
 
Mobile Banking System in Bangladesh- A Closer Study
Mobile Banking System in Bangladesh- A Closer StudyMobile Banking System in Bangladesh- A Closer Study
Mobile Banking System in Bangladesh- A Closer StudyFaglul Karim Raihan
 

Destaque (6)

SWOT Analysis of Leading University, Sylhet.
SWOT Analysis of Leading University, Sylhet.SWOT Analysis of Leading University, Sylhet.
SWOT Analysis of Leading University, Sylhet.
 
A Business Idea upto the Feasibility Analysis: Entrepreneurship
A Business Idea upto the Feasibility Analysis: EntrepreneurshipA Business Idea upto the Feasibility Analysis: Entrepreneurship
A Business Idea upto the Feasibility Analysis: Entrepreneurship
 
Partex presentation
Partex presentationPartex presentation
Partex presentation
 
Presentation on Organization and Content of a Long Formal Report
Presentation on Organization and Content of a Long Formal ReportPresentation on Organization and Content of a Long Formal Report
Presentation on Organization and Content of a Long Formal Report
 
Electrophoresis
ElectrophoresisElectrophoresis
Electrophoresis
 
Mobile Banking System in Bangladesh- A Closer Study
Mobile Banking System in Bangladesh- A Closer StudyMobile Banking System in Bangladesh- A Closer Study
Mobile Banking System in Bangladesh- A Closer Study
 

Semelhante a Presentarion on international human resource management

CH-1&2-introduction-of-hrm...ppt
CH-1&2-introduction-of-hrm...pptCH-1&2-introduction-of-hrm...ppt
CH-1&2-introduction-of-hrm...pptselam49
 
ch-1-introduction-of-hrm.ppt human resource management introduction
ch-1-introduction-of-hrm.ppt human resource management introductionch-1-introduction-of-hrm.ppt human resource management introduction
ch-1-introduction-of-hrm.ppt human resource management introductionAlka82
 
Hrm first lecture
Hrm first lectureHrm first lecture
Hrm first lectureZafarMehdi8
 
Human resource management
Human resource management Human resource management
Human resource management Aditya Mehta
 
Mgt431 charfauros week1. Copyright 2013 Edward F. T. Charfauros. Reference, w...
Mgt431 charfauros week1. Copyright 2013 Edward F. T. Charfauros. Reference, w...Mgt431 charfauros week1. Copyright 2013 Edward F. T. Charfauros. Reference, w...
Mgt431 charfauros week1. Copyright 2013 Edward F. T. Charfauros. Reference, w...Edward F. T. Charfauros
 
HRM ch 01 to 03 presentation on word
HRM ch 01 to 03 presentation on wordHRM ch 01 to 03 presentation on word
HRM ch 01 to 03 presentation on wordSelf employed
 
Ethics in Human Resource Management (HRM) of an Organisation
Ethics in Human Resource Management (HRM) of an OrganisationEthics in Human Resource Management (HRM) of an Organisation
Ethics in Human Resource Management (HRM) of an OrganisationShrikantSharma86
 
The changing face of the hrm function presentation1[1]
The changing face of the hrm function presentation1[1]The changing face of the hrm function presentation1[1]
The changing face of the hrm function presentation1[1]Cristina Novelo
 
The changing face of the Hrm function presentation
The changing face of the Hrm function presentationThe changing face of the Hrm function presentation
The changing face of the Hrm function presentationCristina Novelo
 
The changing face of the hrm function presentation1
The changing face of the hrm function presentation1The changing face of the hrm function presentation1
The changing face of the hrm function presentation1Rick Herrera
 
The changing face_of_the_hrm_function_presentation1
The changing face_of_the_hrm_function_presentation1The changing face_of_the_hrm_function_presentation1
The changing face_of_the_hrm_function_presentation1sylviapdlz
 
Human Resource Management in Healthcare Organization
Human Resource Management in Healthcare OrganizationHuman Resource Management in Healthcare Organization
Human Resource Management in Healthcare OrganizationZulfiquer Ahmed Amin
 
“Probe In Multi-Ethnic Disputes About HR Practices In HRM”
“Probe In Multi-Ethnic Disputes About HR Practices In HRM”“Probe In Multi-Ethnic Disputes About HR Practices In HRM”
“Probe In Multi-Ethnic Disputes About HR Practices In HRM”iosrjce
 
human resource management introduction and evolution
human resource management introduction and evolutionhuman resource management introduction and evolution
human resource management introduction and evolutionSwathi Sree
 

Semelhante a Presentarion on international human resource management (20)

CH-1&2-introduction-of-hrm...ppt
CH-1&2-introduction-of-hrm...pptCH-1&2-introduction-of-hrm...ppt
CH-1&2-introduction-of-hrm...ppt
 
ch-1-introduction-of-hrm.ppt human resource management introduction
ch-1-introduction-of-hrm.ppt human resource management introductionch-1-introduction-of-hrm.ppt human resource management introduction
ch-1-introduction-of-hrm.ppt human resource management introduction
 
Human Resource Management
Human Resource ManagementHuman Resource Management
Human Resource Management
 
Hrm first lecture
Hrm first lectureHrm first lecture
Hrm first lecture
 
Introduction to international HRM
Introduction to international HRMIntroduction to international HRM
Introduction to international HRM
 
Human resource management
Human resource management Human resource management
Human resource management
 
Mgt431 charfauros week1. Copyright 2013 Edward F. T. Charfauros. Reference, w...
Mgt431 charfauros week1. Copyright 2013 Edward F. T. Charfauros. Reference, w...Mgt431 charfauros week1. Copyright 2013 Edward F. T. Charfauros. Reference, w...
Mgt431 charfauros week1. Copyright 2013 Edward F. T. Charfauros. Reference, w...
 
UNIT 1-HRM.ppt
UNIT 1-HRM.pptUNIT 1-HRM.ppt
UNIT 1-HRM.ppt
 
HRM ch 01 to 03 presentation on word
HRM ch 01 to 03 presentation on wordHRM ch 01 to 03 presentation on word
HRM ch 01 to 03 presentation on word
 
Research Assignment
Research AssignmentResearch Assignment
Research Assignment
 
Ethics in Human Resource Management (HRM) of an Organisation
Ethics in Human Resource Management (HRM) of an OrganisationEthics in Human Resource Management (HRM) of an Organisation
Ethics in Human Resource Management (HRM) of an Organisation
 
Introduction to HRM
Introduction to HRMIntroduction to HRM
Introduction to HRM
 
Hrm book
Hrm bookHrm book
Hrm book
 
The changing face of the hrm function presentation1[1]
The changing face of the hrm function presentation1[1]The changing face of the hrm function presentation1[1]
The changing face of the hrm function presentation1[1]
 
The changing face of the Hrm function presentation
The changing face of the Hrm function presentationThe changing face of the Hrm function presentation
The changing face of the Hrm function presentation
 
The changing face of the hrm function presentation1
The changing face of the hrm function presentation1The changing face of the hrm function presentation1
The changing face of the hrm function presentation1
 
The changing face_of_the_hrm_function_presentation1
The changing face_of_the_hrm_function_presentation1The changing face_of_the_hrm_function_presentation1
The changing face_of_the_hrm_function_presentation1
 
Human Resource Management in Healthcare Organization
Human Resource Management in Healthcare OrganizationHuman Resource Management in Healthcare Organization
Human Resource Management in Healthcare Organization
 
“Probe In Multi-Ethnic Disputes About HR Practices In HRM”
“Probe In Multi-Ethnic Disputes About HR Practices In HRM”“Probe In Multi-Ethnic Disputes About HR Practices In HRM”
“Probe In Multi-Ethnic Disputes About HR Practices In HRM”
 
human resource management introduction and evolution
human resource management introduction and evolutionhuman resource management introduction and evolution
human resource management introduction and evolution
 

Último

Katrina Personal Brand Project and portfolio 1
Katrina Personal Brand Project and portfolio 1Katrina Personal Brand Project and portfolio 1
Katrina Personal Brand Project and portfolio 1kcpayne
 
Chennai Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Av...
Chennai Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Av...Chennai Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Av...
Chennai Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Av...pujan9679
 
Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...
Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...
Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...meghakumariji156
 
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Unlock Your Business Potential
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Unlock Your Business PotentialFalcon Invoice Discounting: Unlock Your Business Potential
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Unlock Your Business PotentialFalcon investment
 
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration PresentationUneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentationuneakwhite
 
Call 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All Time
Call 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All TimeCall 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All Time
Call 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All Timegargpaaro
 
QSM Chap 10 Service Culture in Tourism and Hospitality Industry.pptx
QSM Chap 10 Service Culture in Tourism and Hospitality Industry.pptxQSM Chap 10 Service Culture in Tourism and Hospitality Industry.pptx
QSM Chap 10 Service Culture in Tourism and Hospitality Industry.pptxDitasDelaCruz
 
Organizational Transformation Lead with Culture
Organizational Transformation Lead with CultureOrganizational Transformation Lead with Culture
Organizational Transformation Lead with CultureSeta Wicaksana
 
New 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck Template
New 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck TemplateNew 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck Template
New 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck TemplateCannaBusinessPlans
 
joint cost.pptx COST ACCOUNTING Sixteenth Edition ...
joint cost.pptx  COST ACCOUNTING  Sixteenth Edition                          ...joint cost.pptx  COST ACCOUNTING  Sixteenth Edition                          ...
joint cost.pptx COST ACCOUNTING Sixteenth Edition ...NadhimTaha
 
The Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai Kuwait
The Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai KuwaitThe Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai Kuwait
The Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai Kuwaitdaisycvs
 
Berhampur CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Berhampur CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDINGBerhampur CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Berhampur CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDINGpr788182
 
Berhampur Call Girl Just Call 8084732287 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Berhampur Call Girl Just Call 8084732287 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableBerhampur Call Girl Just Call 8084732287 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Berhampur Call Girl Just Call 8084732287 Top Class Call Girl Service Availablepr788182
 
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...daisycvs
 
Horngren’s Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis, Canadian 9th edition soluti...
Horngren’s Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis, Canadian 9th edition soluti...Horngren’s Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis, Canadian 9th edition soluti...
Horngren’s Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis, Canadian 9th edition soluti...ssuserf63bd7
 
Ooty Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Avail...
Ooty Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Avail...Ooty Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Avail...
Ooty Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Avail...pujan9679
 
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 MonthsSEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 MonthsIndeedSEO
 
Berhampur 70918*19311 CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Berhampur 70918*19311 CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDINGBerhampur 70918*19311 CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Berhampur 70918*19311 CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDINGpr788182
 
Paradip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Paradip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDINGParadip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Paradip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDINGpr788182
 

Último (20)

Katrina Personal Brand Project and portfolio 1
Katrina Personal Brand Project and portfolio 1Katrina Personal Brand Project and portfolio 1
Katrina Personal Brand Project and portfolio 1
 
Chennai Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Av...
Chennai Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Av...Chennai Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Av...
Chennai Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Av...
 
Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...
Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...
Escorts in Nungambakkam Phone 8250092165 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service Enjoy Your...
 
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Unlock Your Business Potential
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Unlock Your Business PotentialFalcon Invoice Discounting: Unlock Your Business Potential
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Unlock Your Business Potential
 
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration PresentationUneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
 
Call 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All Time
Call 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All TimeCall 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All Time
Call 7737669865 Vadodara Call Girls Service at your Door Step Available All Time
 
QSM Chap 10 Service Culture in Tourism and Hospitality Industry.pptx
QSM Chap 10 Service Culture in Tourism and Hospitality Industry.pptxQSM Chap 10 Service Culture in Tourism and Hospitality Industry.pptx
QSM Chap 10 Service Culture in Tourism and Hospitality Industry.pptx
 
Organizational Transformation Lead with Culture
Organizational Transformation Lead with CultureOrganizational Transformation Lead with Culture
Organizational Transformation Lead with Culture
 
New 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck Template
New 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck TemplateNew 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck Template
New 2024 Cannabis Edibles Investor Pitch Deck Template
 
joint cost.pptx COST ACCOUNTING Sixteenth Edition ...
joint cost.pptx  COST ACCOUNTING  Sixteenth Edition                          ...joint cost.pptx  COST ACCOUNTING  Sixteenth Edition                          ...
joint cost.pptx COST ACCOUNTING Sixteenth Edition ...
 
The Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai Kuwait
The Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai KuwaitThe Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai Kuwait
The Abortion pills for sale in Qatar@Doha [+27737758557] []Deira Dubai Kuwait
 
Berhampur CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Berhampur CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDINGBerhampur CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Berhampur CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
 
Berhampur Call Girl Just Call 8084732287 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Berhampur Call Girl Just Call 8084732287 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableBerhampur Call Girl Just Call 8084732287 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Berhampur Call Girl Just Call 8084732287 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
 
Horngren’s Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis, Canadian 9th edition soluti...
Horngren’s Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis, Canadian 9th edition soluti...Horngren’s Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis, Canadian 9th edition soluti...
Horngren’s Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis, Canadian 9th edition soluti...
 
Ooty Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Avail...
Ooty Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Avail...Ooty Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Avail...
Ooty Call Gril 80022//12248 Only For Sex And High Profile Best Gril Sex Avail...
 
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 MonthsSEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
 
Berhampur 70918*19311 CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Berhampur 70918*19311 CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDINGBerhampur 70918*19311 CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Berhampur 70918*19311 CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
 
HomeRoots Pitch Deck | Investor Insights | April 2024
HomeRoots Pitch Deck | Investor Insights | April 2024HomeRoots Pitch Deck | Investor Insights | April 2024
HomeRoots Pitch Deck | Investor Insights | April 2024
 
Paradip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Paradip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDINGParadip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
Paradip CALL GIRL❤7091819311❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE WE ARE PROVIDING
 

Presentarion on international human resource management

  • 2. Basic Definition  „managing the employment relationship‟ (Tyson, 1987) Assumption  Employees are the most important asset of the organization
  • 3.  HRM IS THE PROCESS OF ACQUIRING, TRAINING, APPRAISING AND COMPENSATING EMPLOYEES AND OF ATTENDING TO THEIR JOB RELATION, HEALTH AND SAFETY AND FAIRNESS CONCERNS.
  • 5.  It is not easy to provide a precise definition of international human resource management (IHRM). What an HR manager does in
  • 6.  General Definition:- “Procurement, allocation, utilisatio n and motivation of Human Resources in International business.”
  • 7.  Two groups of variables that affects basic HR process  1st – Types of employees  2nd – Political, economic, legal environment, labour laws and practices prevailing in different countries
  • 8. Difference between IHRM and Domestic HRM
  • 9.  Responsible for a greater number of functions and activities  Broader knowledge of foreign country employment law  Closely involved with employees lives  Cope with more external influences  Exposure to problems and liabilities  Management of differential compensation  Diversity management  More coordination and travel  More risk management