1. Learning
Disabilities

2. What are the learning
disabilities?
 Learning disabilities, or learning
disorders, are an umbrella term for
a wide variety of learning problems.
 A learning disability is not a problem
with intelligence or motivation. Kids
with learning disabilities aren’t lazy
or dumb. In fact, most are just as
smart as everyone else.
 Their brains are simply wired
differently. This difference affects
how they receive and process
information.

3. Common Types of Learning
Disabilities
Dyslexia Difficulty reading Problems reading,
writing, spelling,
speaking
Dyscalculia Difficulty with Problems doing math
math problems, understanding
time, using money
Dysgraphia Difficulty with Problems with
writing handwriting, spelling,
organizing ideas
Dyspraxia Difficulty with Problems with hand–eye
(Sensory fine motor skills coordination, balance,
Integration manual dexterity
Disorder)

4. Common Types of
Learning Disabilities
Dysphasia/ Difficulty with Problems understanding
Aphasia language spoken language, poor
reading comprehension
Auditory Difficulty hearing Problems with reading,
Processing differences comprehension,
Disorder between sounds language
Visual Difficulty Problems with reading,
Processing interpreting math, maps, charts,
Disorder visual symbols, pictures
information

5. Learning disabilities in
reading (dyslexia)
 There are two types of learning
disabilities in reading.
1. Basic reading problems
- occur when there is difficulty
understanding the relationship
between sounds, letters and words.
2. Reading comprehension problems
- occur when there is an
inability to grasp the meaning of
words, phrases, and paragraphs.

6. Signs of reading difficulty
include problems with:
letter and word recognition
understanding words and
ideas
reading speed and fluency
general vocabulary skills

8. Learning disabilities in
math (dyscalculia)
Learning disabilities in math
vary greatly depending on the
child’s other strengths and
weaknesses.
 A child’s ability to do math will
be affected differently by a
language learning disability, or
a visual disorder or a difficulty
with sequencing,memory or
organization.

9. A child with a math–based learning
disorder may struggle with
memorization and organization of
numbers, operation signs, and
number ―facts‖ (like 5+5=10 or
5x5=25).
Children with math learning
disorders might also have trouble
with counting principles (such as
counting by 2s or counting by 5s) or
have difficulty telling time.

10. Learning disabilities in
writing (dysgraphia)
Learning disabilities in writing can
involve the physical act of writing or
the mental activity of comprehending
and synthesizing information.
Basic writing disorder refers to
physical difficulty forming words and
letters.
Expressive writing disability indicates
a struggle to organize thoughts on
paper.

12. Symptoms of a written language
learning disability revolve around the
act of writing. They include problems
with:
neatness and consistency of
writing
accurately copying letters and
words
spelling consistency
writing organization and
coherence

13. Learning disabilities in motor
skills (dyspraxia)
 Motor difficulty refers to problems with
movement and coordination whether it
is with fine motor skills (cutting,
writing) or gross motor skills (running,
jumping).
 A motor disability is sometimes
referred to as an ―output‖ activity
meaning that it relates to the output of
information from the brain.
 In order to run, jump, write or cut
something, the brain must be able to
communicate with the necessary limbs
to complete the action.

14. Dyspraxia by Category
Category May Cause Trouble with:
Inability to complete single-step
Ideomotor Dyspraxia motor tasks such as combing
hair and waving goodbye.
Difficulty with multi-step tasks
like brushing teeth, making a
Ideational Dyspraxia bed, putting clothes on in order,
as well as buttoning and
buckling
Difficulties coordinating the
Oromotor Dyspraxia muscle movements needed to
pronounce words
Problems with establishing
spatial relationships — for
Constructional Dyspraxia instance being able to accurately
position or move objects from
one place to another

15. Learning disabilities in language
(aphasia/dysphasia)
Language and communication
learning disabilities involve the
ability to understand or produce
spoken language.
Language is also considered an
output activity because it requires
organizing thoughts in the brain and
calling upon the right words to
verbally explain something or
communicate with someone else.

16. Auditory processing disorder
Professionals may refer to the ability
to hear well as ―auditory processing
skills‖ or ―receptive language.‖
An auditory processing disorder
interferes with an individual's ability
to analyze or make sense of
information taken in through the
ears.

19. Visual processing disorder
Problems in visual perception
include:
- missing subtle differences in shapes
- reversing letters or numbers
- skipping words
- skipping lines
- misperceiving depth or distance
- having problems with eye–hand
coordination.

22. Short quiz
write ―True‖ if the statement is
correct and ―False if it is wrong.‖
____1.ADHD means attention
deficit/hyperactively Disease.
____2. Inattentive Type is when children show
both hyperactive and impulsive
behaviour, but are able to pay
attention.
____3. One of the Hyperactivity-impulsivity
symptoms of ADHD includes
fidget and squirming.

23. ____4. Combined Type - Children with
this type of ADHD show all three
symptoms(Inattentive/Hyperactive/Im
pulsive this is the most common
form of ADHD.
___5. Behavioural treatment for
children with ADHD involves
adjusting the environment to promote
more successful social
interactions.