1. I jornada de ambiente da força aérea
10th December 2010
Air Traffic Management and the Environment
(aircraft operations)
Alan MELROSE
Environment Unit
EUROCONTROL
alan.melrose@eurocontrol.int
The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation

2. Topics
•A General Perspective
•Example ATM Mitigation Initiatives
•Future Risks

3. Aircraft Related Impacts and Altitude
Tranquility
Cruise
Cruise
Initial Descent /
~10,000ft Climb to cruise
3000ft
Final Approach /
Climb out
~1,000ft Ground (0- 33ft)
Local Air Regional Noise Fuel Climate
De-icing etc Quality AQ Use Change

4. Key European Legislation
• Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC)
• Noise Restrictions Directive Directive (balanced approach)
(2002/30/EC)
• Air Quality Framework and Daughter Directives (96/62/EC)
• European Emissions Trading Scheme
• Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive (2001/42/EC)
• Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC and
97/11/EC)
• Single European Sky Regulations

5. Why is ATM increasingly Important?
• The rate of aircraft technology improvement is slowing
• New technology to improve environmental performance will not arrive soon
• The industry is increasingly looking to ATM stakeholders to contribute
Present
time Regulation – etc etc
Community
Demand Aircraft Environmental Tolerance and
Growth Technology Impact residential
Improvement development

6. Conceptual Diagram of ATM efficiency
Contribution
Conceptual diagram showing ATM performance
Target
95%?
90%?
True performance
(Great Circle) improvement over the
base case
Base case
Fuel
Efficiency
time

7. Example ATM Improvements
Phase of Aircraft Operation
Departure Stand Departure En Route Arrival TMA Arrival Ground
and Ground TMA Movement and
Cost-effectiveness Airspace design &
Movement Stand
Airspace design procedures
& procedures Wind optimised routing
Reduced APU Use Fixed Electrical
Advanced Flexible Use of Reduce holding
Track keeping Power
Reduced taxi- accuracy Airspace Continuous
time (A-CDM) Advanced Surface
Optimum climb/descent profile Descent
Continuous Movement
Operations
Reduced queuing Climb Guidance and
Optimum cruise levels
Departures Reduced Control Systems
Engine out taxiing En-route speed control for vectoring
Engine out taxiing
and towing De-confliction orderly arrival in TMA (controller tools)
and towing
(reduced holding)
Flow- holding Preferred noise Rwy allocation Reduced taxi-time
with engines off runway Reducing diversions for min. taxi
Reduced queuing
times
Business
Advanced stand
Trajectory De-confliction
management

8. Local Impact versus System Impact?
Comparison of Average Delay per Movement (ATFM Only) at Amsterdam Airport
During 15/9-2/10 closure runways 24, 19R & 19L for take-off. Resulted in 30-70% runway
60
capacity loss at 1 airport affecting the total ECAC ATM system
50
40
M in u tes Delay
30
20
10
0
02-O c t
01-A ug
03-A ug
05-A ug
07-A ug
09-A ug
11-A ug
13-A ug
15-A ug
17-A ug
19-A ug
21-A ug
23-A ug
25-A ug
27-A ug
29-A ug
31-A ug
02-S ep
04-S ep
06-S ep
08-S ep
10-S ep
12-S ep
14-S ep
16-S ep
18-S ep
20-S ep
22-S ep
24-S ep
26-S ep
28-S ep
30-S ep
EFP Case Study Arrivals Departures
CODA, 2000

9. Non ATM influences
Polluter Pays:- Airport Operator? Municipalities?

10. SESAR Environmental Workpackages
• WP 16.6.3 Transversal - supporting all other WPs
• WP 16.3.x Environment specific Wps:
• 16.3.1 Validation Framework
• 16.3.2 Performance Indicators (and management)
• 16.3.3 Interdependencies with other performance areas
• 16.3.4 Options to Mitigate Environmental Risk
• 16.3.6 Societal response to Aviation Environmental Issues
• 16.3.7 Environmental regulations
• WP8 – System Wide Information Management (specific
Environmental requirement)

11. Topics
•A General Perspective
•Example Mitigation Initiatives
•Future Risks

12. Collaborative Environmental Management (CEM)
“an airport environmental partnership”
www.eurocontrol.int/environment

13. CEM Protocol – levels 1-4
Pre Implementation
Local “External”
Interests
Local Operational
Teams (e.g. CDM)
Specialist Experts
Other CEM airports
EUROCONTROL
ACI-ACA
SESAR requirement and ESSI Objective

14. A business focussed activity
CEM is inwardly and business focussed….
• Delivering ENV Obligations – with communications through
established channels
• Gaining external recognition for the environmental benefits of
operational improvements at an Airport
• Joint priorities and plans - ‘voluntary’ environmental initiatives
before announcement/commitment
• Unified external face - trust, stronger negotiation of permits, rules,
limits and permission for growth etc
• Minimising Environmental Risk and Securing Growth -
for a multi-business enterprise ‘the airport service partnership’

15. CEM Validation Progress
• 2010 first year of practical
implementation: CEM
guidance/concept validation
1
started - 3-7 airports wanted 1 1
1
1
3 1
1 2
1 1 1
1 1
4+
2+
CEM map
19 = seriously considering
3 = now implementing 1 3
6 = claim CEM activity
1

16. Continuous Descent Operations
(ECAC = Continuous Descent Approach)
www.eurocontrol.int/environment

17. CDA Concept
CDA
“Conventional”
Establish on the ILS Extended low level segment
Distant Noise Benefit 1dB to 5dB

18. Percentage of
Benefit CD achieved Altitude Profile Capacity
5 to
10%
‘Procedure’ 100% Ideal Hungry
Standard Arrival Route From higher
(Ideally Top of
using Precision aRea Descent)
NAVigation (P-RNAV) In low traffic
density
Mix of both is
During busy
periods
best
DTG
implicit ‘Radar’ 60 to
80%
80%
OK
Less
Approach
From lower hungry
altitude
controllers offer
estimate(s) of DTG
DTG
explicit
Pilot technique not
Provision of Distance
To Go (DTG) an ATC procedure

19. CEM and CDA(CDO)

20. To access the map: CEM and CDA(CDO)
1. Go to the EUROCONTROL website:
www.eurocontrol.int
2. Click on the button ‘Extranet Login’ at the top of the
page
3. Once you have completed the registration process, (or
if you are already registered on ‘One Skly teams’ ) -
then forward your details to cda@eurocontrol.int to be
added to the list of recognised ‘CDA Map Tool’ users
4. Once you have been granted access to the CDA Map
by the CDA team (which may take a few days) – then log-
on to EUROCONTROL’s extranet ‘One Sky Teams’
5. The link ‘CDA map tool’ should now appear in your list
of ‘Online Services’ at the left of the screen – this will
take you to the CDA map

21. CDA and CEM Guidance
http://www.eurocontrol.int/environment/public/subsite_homepage/homepage.html

22. Flexible Use of Airspace
Source: Eurocontrol

23. Environmental Benefits
Potential Potential Potential
Fuel CO2 Network Network Fuel Cost
Operation Location
Savings Savings Savings Savings Savings at
Fuel (T) CO2 (T) €600/T
RVSM ECAC-wide 310,000 976,000 €186M
Flexible Use d
of Airspace
ECAC-wide
Delivere 170,000 535,000 €102M
ATFM ECAC-wide 600,000 1,890,000 €360M
2km route
extension ECAC-wide 180,000 570,000 €108M
reductions
e
Variable taxi Munich
50kg/flighte p
ipelin
times airport In th 160kg/flight 150,000 470,000 €240M
Bucharest
CDA Manchester 100kg 315kg 300,000 945,000 €180M
Stockholm

24. Portugal
CDO Implementation

25. Free Route Airspace

26. Free Route Benefits

27. European Commission project
“AIRE”

28. Portugal
CDO

29. Topics
•A General Perspective
•Example Mitigation Initiatives
•Future Risks

30. Future ‘Hot’ Issues
• Peak Oil
http://www.icao.int/DevelopmentForum/Forum_08/Docs.htm
• Climate Adaptation
Avinor
http://www.eurocontrol.int/statfor/public/standard_page/Challenges_to_Growth.html