This document discusses the common symptoms of cardiovascular diseases. It describes 6 main symptom categories: 1) Dyspnea or shortness of breath, noting factors like onset and grading scales. 2) Chest pain, distinguishing angina, myocardial infarction, pericarditis and other causes. 3) Palpitations from normal sinus rhythm to sustained arrhythmias. 4) Syncope and dizziness, especially from postural hypotension, arrhythmias and left ventricular outflow obstruction. 5) Peripheral edema in ankles, sacrum or generalized from conditions like congestive heart failure or deep vein thrombosis. 6) Systemic symptoms like fatigue from heart failure, arrhythmias or drugs. For each symptom, specific details

1. SYMPTOMTOLOGY OF
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES

2. SYMPTOMTOLOGY OF
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
DYSPNEA
CHEST PAIN
PALPITATIONS
DIZZINESS & SYNCOPE
PERIPHERAL EDEMA
SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS
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3. SYMPTOMTOLOGY OF
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
1)DYSPNEA
DEFINITION
 ONSET

Sudden
 Ac. LVF
 H.T.
 M.I.
Arrhythmia
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4. DYSPNEA
Onset- cont
Gradual
H.T.
IHD
VHD
Fluid overload
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5. DYSPNEA-cont




AGGRAVATING FACTORS
RELIEVING FACTORS
ORTHOPNEA
Dyspnea on lying flat
PND
Dyspnea occurs suddenly ½ hr. to 4 hr.
after going to bed & is relieved
after
10 –20 minutes
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6. PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL DYSPNEA

7. DYSPNEA-cont
NEW YORK HEART ASSOCIATION
CLASSIFICATION
GRADE-1
No breathlessness
GRADE-2
Breathlessness on moderate
exertion
GRADE-3
Breathlessness on mild
exertion
GRADE-4
Breathlessness at rest
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8. Symptomtology- cont
2) CHEST PAIN OR DISCOMFORT
ANGINA PECTORIS
M.I.
PERICARDITIS
AORTIC DISSECTION
MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES
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9. CHEST PAIN. Cont
1)ANGINA PECTORIS
Cardiac pain due to myocardial ischemia
 SITE
 RADIATION
 DURATION
 CHARACTER
 AGGRAVATING FACTOR
 RELIEVING FACTORS
 ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS
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10. Chest painANGINA. Cont
1)SITE & RADIATION
CENTRAL
OPEN HAND OR FIST(rather than
pinpoint)
EPIGASTRIC
L- ARM,BOTH ARMS, JAW
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11. SITE & RADIATION OF ANGINA

12. Chest painANGINA. Cont
2)DURATION & AGGRAVATING & RELIEVING
FACTORS
 5-20 minutes
 Exertion
 Excitement
 Cold
 Exercise after meal
 Functional activity
 Rest
 GTN
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13. Chest painANGINA. Cont
CANADIAN CARDIOVASCULAR SOCIETYFUCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
Grade-1 No limitation
Grade-2 Slight limitation
Grade-3 Marked limitation
Grade-4 Pain at rest
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14. Chest painANGINA. Cont
3)CHARACTER
Discomfort rather than pain
Tightness
Heaviness
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15. Chest painANGINA. Cont
4)ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS
Dyspnea
Sweating
Vomiting
Nausea
Usually absent
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16. Chest painANGINA. Cont
TYPES OF ANGINA
EFFORT ANGINA
UNSTABLE ANGINA
DECUBITUS ANGINA
CRESCENDO ANGINA
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17. Chest painANGINA. Cont
ATYPICAL SYMPTOMS
Risk factors
Age
Sex
Smoking
H.T.
Diabetes
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18. Chest pain -cont
B ) MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
SITE & RADIATION
SEVERITY
DURATION
PPT. FACTORS
RELIEVING FACTORS
ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS
PAINLESS M.I.
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19. Chest pain -cont
C-PERICARDITIS
More localized(Central or lateral chest wall)
Sharp-Stabbing or raw
No radiation
Changes with breathing & posture
Improves with NSAID’S
Preceded by viral illness
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20. Chest pain -cont
D-AORTIC DISSECTION
H/O H.T., Marfans synd,Aortic
aneurysm,Chest trauma
Sudden
Central –b/w scapulae
Tearing
Associated features
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21. Chest pain -cont
E- MISCELLANEOUS CHEST PAIN
CAUSES
Precordial catch (Da-Costa’s synd.)
M.V.P.
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22. Symptomtology- cont
C- PALPITATIONS
Awareness of heart beat
SINUS RHYTHM
SUSTAINED ABNORMAL RHYTHM
OCCASIONAL IRREGULARITIES OF
RHYTHM
All patients of arrhythmia may not be
symptomatic(A.F.)
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23. PALPITATIONS-cont
ASK ABOUT:
Onset & termination
Triggering factors
Exercise
Alcohol
Caffeine
Anxiety
Frequency
Duration of attack
Rhythm
Associated features
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24. PALPITATIONS-cont
a) Palpitations in sinus rhythm
EXERCISE
ANXIETY
STRESS
CAFFIENE
SMOKING
NIGHT TIME
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25. PALPITATIONS-cont
b) SUSTAINED ABNORMAL RHYTHM
Sudden
Minutes to hours
Unrelated to anxiety
ASK ABOUT:
Family h/o sudden death
Past h/o I.H.D.
Drugs
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26. PALPITATIONS-cont
c) ECTOPIC BEATS
Felt as missed beats
Ventricular
Benign in 10-15 %
At rest
Disappear with exercise
Atrial
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27. Symptomtology- cont
4)SYNCOPE & DIZZINESS
Dizziness- non cardiac
Syncope
Pre-syncope CARDIAC
Cardiac causes of syncope
 Postural hypotention
 Arrhythmia
 L.V. Outflow obstruction
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28. Syncope- cont
1)Postural hypotention
Definition
Drugs
Dehydration
A.N. Neuropathy
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29. Syncope- cont
2)Arrhythmias
Bradyarrythmias
Sick sinus synd.
CHB
Drugs
Ventricular tachycardias
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30. Syncope- cont
3)L.V. Outflow obstruciton
Severe A.S.
H.O.C.M.
4)Other cardiac causes
Enhanced vagal sensitivity(Bradycardia + Vasodilatation)
 Fright
 Fear
 Micturition
 Cough
Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
 Uncommon
 Elderly
 Atrial myxoma
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31. Symptomtology- cont
5)PERIPHERAL EDEMA
Symptom
Sign
ANKLE
Unilateral
 DVT
 Cellulites
 Trauma
 Hemiplegia
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32. Edema- cont.
Bilateral
CCF
Hypoprotenemia
Lymph. Obstruction
I.V.C. obstruction
Immobility
SACRAL
GENERALISED
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33. Symptomtology- cont
6)SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS
a) Fatigue




Heart failure
Sustained arrhythmia
Cyanotic heart disease
Drugs
b)Anorexia
THE END
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