The Subjunctive Mood

The Subjunctive Mood V.Rapa, M.Upmale ENGLISH NORMATIVE GRAMMAR IV Riga 2008

The Subjunctive Mood ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Use of the Subjunctive Mood in Simple Sentences Verb Forms in the Subjunctive Mood ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Use of the Synthetic Forms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Use of the Analytical Forms Definition

Definition ,[object Object],[object Object]

Moods in the English Language ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Verb Forms in the Subjunctive Mood ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Simple Sentences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Unreal Conditional Clauses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

If I had been free last Sunday, I (should) would have gone to the seaside. ,[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause  the Perfect Subjunctive Type II the action in both parts refers to the past If I were free now, I (should) would go to the seaside. ,[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause  the Past Subjunctive Type I the action in both parts refers to the present or future

MIXED TYPES If Tim had read the novel last week, he would participate in the discussion today. ,[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause  the Perfect Subjunctive Type IV the action in the subordinate clause refers to the past and in the principal clause – to the present/future If Tim read much, he would have read “ The Ebony Tower”. ,[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause  the Past Subjunctive Type III the action in the subordinate clause refers to no particular time and in the principal clause – to the past

Unreal Conditional Clauses Modal Cases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

If you would help me, I should/would treat you to a cup of tea. The Principal Clause  should (1 st pers.) / would + the Infinitive The Subordinate Clause  would + the Infinitive 2. The meaning of the subordinate clause is If you would be so kind… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1. The meaning of the subordinate clause is If it happened so…

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause  were (a simultaneous action)  had been (a prior action) 3. The subordinate clause can be substituted by the phrase But for…

The Use of the Synthetic Forms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Subject/Attributive Clause It is time…  the Past Subj. The Adverbial Clause of Comparison After any verb (except the link verbs  the Past Subj. (a sim. action)  the Perfect Subj. (a prior action) The Object Clause After the verb wish  the Past Subj. (a sim. action)  the Perfect Subj. (a prior action)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause begins with as if / as though + the Past Subjunctive (a sim. action) + the Perfect Subjunctive (a prior action) The Principal Clause contains any verb in the Indicative Mood The Adverbial Clause of Comparison ,[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause begins with as if / as though + the Past Subjunctive (a sim. action) + the Perfect Subjunctive (a prior action) The Principal Clause contains one of the link verbs, i.e. be, seem, look, appear, feel , etc . The Predicative Clause

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause begins with the conjunction that (it may be omitted) + the Past Subjunctive (a sim. action) + the Perfect Subjunctive (a prior action) NB If the action refers to the present/future and there are 2 different doers: + would + the Simple / Continuous Infinitive The Principal Clause contains the verb wish The Object Clause after the Verb wish ,[object Object],The Subordinate Clause begins with the conjunction that (it may be omitted) + the Past Subjunctive only The Principal Clause is as follows: It is (high) time… It is about time… The Subject / Attributive Clause

The Use of the Analytical Forms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause begins with the conjunction that + should + the Infinitive (in Br.E.) + the Present Subjunctive (in Am.E.) The Principal Clause begins with the phrase: My suggestion / request / proposal etc . is… The Predicative Clause ,[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause begins with the conjunction that + should + the Infinitive (in Br.E.) + the Present Subjunctive (in Am.E.) The Principal Clause begins with the phrase: It is suggested / necessary / requested / important etc . The Subject Clause

[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause begins with the conjunction that + should + the Infinitive (in Br.E.) + the Present Subjunctive (in Am.E.) The Principal Clause contains the following predicate – verbs: suggest / propose / demand / request etc . The Object Clause ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause begins with the conjunction that + should + the Infinitive (in Br.E.) + the Present Subjunctive (in Am.E.) The Principal Clause begins with the phrase: My suggestion / request / proposal etc. that… The Attributive / Appositive Clause

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause begins with the conjunctions lest (= lai ne) + should + the Infinitive (in Br.E.) + the Present Subjunctive (in Am.E.) or that + may / might + the Infinitive The Principal Clause contains the predicate-verb denoting fear: fear, tremble, dread, etc . The Object Clause

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause begins with the conjunctions lest (= lai ne) + should + the Infinitive (in Br.E.) + the Present Subjunctive (in Am.E.) or that, so that, in order that + may / might + the Infinitive The Principal Clause contains any predicate-verb, except the verbs denoting fear The Adverbial Clause of Purpose

may / might + the Infinitive The Adverbial Clause of Time Whenever…  may / might + the Inf. The Adverbial Clause of Place Whenever…  may / might + the Inf. The Adverbial Clause of Concession Though/Although/Whatever/ No matter/etc. …  may / might + the Inf.

The Adverbial Clause of Time The Subordinate Clause begins with Whenever… + may/might + the Infinitive ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause begins with Though… / Although… / No matter… / Whoever… / Whatever… / However… etc. + may/might + the Infinitive The Adverbial Clause of Concession ,[object Object],[object Object],The Subordinate Clause begins with Wherever… + may/might + the Infinitive The Adverbial Clause of Place

The Emotional should ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Subjunctive Mood

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