The document discusses the pancreas and provides details about its location, morphology, blood supply, histology and more. Key points include:
- The pancreas is located transversely across the posterior abdominal wall behind the stomach from the duodenum to the spleen.
- Morphologically it has a head, neck, body and tail.
- It functions as both an exocrine gland that secretes enzymes and an endocrine gland that produces hormones like insulin and glucagon.
- The main pancreatic duct drains the gland and opens into the duodenum along with the common bile duct.
- The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine components and its histology and blood supply are
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1.
2. WHY PANCREAS IS SELECTED?
Pancreatic cancer is a silent killer- one of the
most difficult tumors to detect and diagnose
early.
Its cancer has the lowest survival rate .
In most cases, symptoms develop after
metastases.
Many organizations across the globe have now
taken initiative to bring awareness in the public
regarding the effects of this cancer
Common region – in head of pancreas
4. :~ P ANCREAS ~
• PAN – ALL
• CREAS ~ FLESH
:~ PANCREAS WAS FIRST DISCOVERED BY
HEROPHILUS
:~ ALSO DISCOVERED LIVER , EYE & MEASURED PULSE .
:~ FIRST TO PERFORM PUBLIC DISSECTIONS ON
HUMAN CORPSES .
7. Introduction
“Mixed gland”, or compound gland- functions as both
-Endocrine gland
-Exocrine gland
Yellowish Organ,jshaped or retort shaped
-12 to 15cms long
-3 to 4 cms wide
Weight : 60-100g (Avg wt: 80g)
M>F
8. -Ventral bud & Dorsal bud.
~ It arises at the junction of foregut
& midgut .
-They develop in relation to the
second part of duodneum.
- Ventral bud is in relation to the
hepatic bud at the inferior angle.
- Dorsal bud grows into the dorsal
mesogastrium.
9. :~ After rotation of the gut , the
ventral bud come s to the right
and dorsal bud to the left .
Note------------
:~due to the Differential growth of
the developing gut ~ buds come to
lie on the same side .
16. 1. ANNULAR PANCREAS :
~ A rare condition
--- second part of duodenum is surrounded by
a ring of pancreatic tissue continuous with
it’s head .
~This portion of pancreas can constrict the
duodenum and impairs the flow of food
17. A) CAUSES:
:~ Bifid ventral bud ~ fusion with
dorsal bud ~ pancreatic ring .
:~ Improper rotation of ventral
pancreatic bud
O r
dorsal bud rotates in the wrong
direction
18. :~ Postnatal diagnostic procedures
include abdominal X-ray ,
ultrasound &
CT scan .
A RARE CASE OF AmpullARy CARCinOmA
ASSOCiAtEd with AnnulAR pAnCREAS iS
BEinG ShOwn
22. 2. PANCREATIC DIVISUM :
:~ Most common congenital anomaly.
:~ Ventral and Dorsal buds fail to fuse.
:~ The body , tail and part of head of
pancreas
drain into the duct of SANTORINI into
minor
duodenal papilla .
:~ The rest of the head with uncinate
process
drains through the duct of WIRSUNG into
24. A) Normal (50%).
B) Absence of communication between
normally sited accessory duct and main
ducts (10%).
C) Persistance of complete ventral
and dorsal ducts with separate
drainage (5%).
B and C are both forms of ‘pancreas
divisum'.
D)Absence of accessory duct (20%).
E) Conjoined drainage of persistant
ventral and dorsal ducts (<5%).
25. 3. ECTOPIC PANCREAS
~ ECTOPIC means------ away from
normal-
EVIDENCE TO PROOVE
It includes all histological elements of
both exocrine and endocrine
pancreas.
~The ducts of the exocrine pancreas are
not arranged in the normal
anatomical pattern .
26. A) CAUSE :
UNKNOWN
:~Maybe due to
hypoplasia of the ventral pancreas
which causes rudimentary ventral
pancreatic duct .
27. :~
The pancreatic tissue maybe
functionally active and secreting leading to
ulceration of the mucosa ,
Pancreatitis with psuedocyst formation ,
malignant or benign pancreatic tumour .
28. :~
it can be present
Outside the Gastrointestinal tract
in the wall of GALL BLADDER ,
LIVER ,
hilum of SPleen
36. Location
Transversely Across - Posterior abdominal wall
Behind Stomach
From Duodenum to Spleen
Level of L1 & L2
Occupies Epigastric and
Hypochondriac regions
37. Location
Located
transversely
across the
posterior
abdominal wall
38. Location
Behind the
Stomach
from
duodenum
to
Spleen
50. Main Pancreatic Duct
Also called ‘Duct of Wirsung’ and Major Pancreatic Duct
Begins in the tail
Runs the length receiving channels – ‘Herring bone pattern’
Pancreatic duct with common bile duct form -----------------
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla of Vater’
‘
53. Main Pancreatic Duct
Opens in 2nd part of duodenum along with bile duct on the
major duodenal papilla
25% - duct opens into duodenum separately
‘Hepatopancreatic sphincter ( of Oddi)’
around the ampulla – smooth muscle controls flow of
secretions
55. Accessory Pancreatic Duct
‘Duct of Santorini’
Opens into the duodenum at the summit of the minor
duodenal papilla
(60%), the accessory duct communicates with the main
pancreatic duct
Note - Some cases, the main pancreatic duct is smaller than
the accessory pancreatic duct and the two are not connected
79. ARtERiAl Supply
is derived from branches of the
gastroduodenal artery and inferior mesenteric artery.
These are superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery respectively.
The gland is mainly supplied by pacreatic branches of
the splenic artery.
85. VENOUS DRAINAGE:
Drained by the pancreaticoduodenal veins which end
up in the portal vein .
The portal vein
is formed by the union of the
superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
posterior to the neck of the pancreas.
86. VENOUS DRAINAGE:
The inferior mesenteric vein joins with the splenic
vein behind the pancreas .
It may also join the superior mesentric vein.
92. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
A network of lymphatic vessels exists within the
pancreas.
The majority of vessels
lie in the interlobular septa of connective tissue
( that subdivide the pancreas into lobes and lobules.)
104. Duct System
Intralobular Ducts:
Also called as Intercalated Duct.
Lined by Squamous or very Low Cuboidal
Epithelium.
Begins within the Acinus therefore surrounded by
Acinar cells.
Cells of Intercalated ducts secrete Bicarbonate ions.
The Acinar lumen shows pale staining cells of
Intercalated Duct called
Centroacinar Cells.
105. Interlobular Ducts:
Lined by Simple Columnar Epithelium.
These ducts are present in the septa.
Main Duct:
Lined by Tall Columnar Cells with Goblet cells in
between.
112. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
THANKS TO MANAGEMENT OF SHADAN
MEDICAL COLLEGE.
THANKS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY
SECIALLY TO CHANDRAMALA MADAM, RAMESH
SIR.
THANKS TO THE DEPATMENT OF ANATOMY.
THANKS TO THE STUDENTS OF FIRST YEAR
STUDENTS FOR HELPING ME IN THE
PREPARATION OF SEMINAR
Notas do Editor
Anterior sur rleted peritoneum covering the post wall of the lesser sac n pylorus . Post surface relaated to termination of sup mesentric vein and beginning of portal vein