Based on the OCR GCSE History course

1. Medicine Through Time

2. Prehistoric
• Religion
• Trepanning
• Herbal Remedies
• Charms
• Evil Spirits
• Medicine Men
• Not much known
• Family treated each other
• They could only treat what they could see

3. Egyptian
• Religion
• Trade
• Herbal Remedies
• Charms
• Simple Surgery
• Communication (Hieroglyphics)
• Mummification and Embalming (Anatomy)
• Channels get blocked like the Nile
• Family treated each other
• Thought heart controlled the body
• Doctors for the rich

4. Greek
• Individual Genius - Hippocrates:
• Observation
• Hippocratic Oath
• Hippocratic Collection
• 4 Humours
• Religion
• Communication
• Herbal Remedies
• Charms
• Trained Doctors
• Asclepions

5. Romans
• Individual Genius – Galen:
• Theory of opposites
• Proved brain controls body
• Live Dissections
• Made Mistakes
• Science and Technology
• Religion, Government
• Communication, War
• Hospitals for army
• Good Hygiene and public health
• Baths, Aqueducts and Drainage

6. The Middle Ages
• Religion
• Regression
• Barber Surgeons
• Monasteries:
• Hospitals and health care
• Trained doctors
• 1348 – The Black Death:
• Lots of weird cures
• The Catholic Church used Galen
• No one wanted to pay for public health
• Galen had an influence for 1400 years

7. The Renaissance
• Government
• Communication
• Church had less control
• Roman + Greek ideas
• 1450 - Printing Press
• 1590 - Microscope
• Galen proved wrong
• Individual Genius –
• Vesalius: Anatomy (dissections)
• Harvey: Heart + Circulation
• Pare: Ointment + Ligatures

8. Industrial Revolution
• Science + Technology
• Government, Chance
• Miasma Still Believed
• Spontaneous Generation
• Individual Genius:
• Germs - Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch
• Anaesthetics - James Simpson, John Snow
• Antiseptics - Joseph Lister, Ignaz Semmelweis
• Vaccinations – Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur
• Nursing – Florence Nightingale, Mary Seacole
• Public Health – Bazalgette, Edwin Chadwick
• Antibiotics – Paul Ehrlich, Gerhard Domagk

9. 20th Century
• War
• Chance
• Government
• Team Work
• 1948 – NHS
• Science + Technology
• Individual Genius:
• Fleming, Florey + chain – Penicillin
• William Beveridge + Aneurin Bevan – NHS
• Francis Crick + James Watson - DNA