João Dagoberto Santos, ESALQ/USP - Land use conflicts and projects related to Landless Workers' Movement (MST) in Brazil

1. GOOD AFTERNOON

2. RURAL DEVELOPMENT
BIODIVERSITY
PUBLIC POLICIES
Challenges and conflicts

3. Building the concept of development...
green
Ecological Development economy
Growth Sustainable
Development
Progress LOGIC BEHIND THE
METHODS
From a DYNAMIC
From a STATIC point
point of view, to
of view, it leads to the
innovation that
idea of efficiency
increases efficiency Furtado, 1981

6. O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper (2013/07/16)
• Es

7. Rural development – LOGIC BEHIND THE METHODS
EXTERNAL FACTORS NEW SIGNIFICANCE
* Concentration of land ownership
BACKGROUND and income • Private space vs Public space
• Rural v Urban * Monoculture
relationship * Discrimination and social exclusion • Production vs Conservation
• Agricultural evolution * Class struggle
* Market model • Multifunctional (farming and
• Several Green * Industrial corporations have taken landscape)
command
Revolutions
* Systemic degradation
• GREEN ECONOMY.....
(social – environmental)

8. The dominant power in the countryside
Diffusionist methodology
 Research is popularizing unsuitable
technologies
 Development of professionals who
are acritical regarding the model –
UNIVERSITIES...

9. Development Sustainability
Social
Rural
Development Cultural
Biodiversity
Environmental

11. Sustainability (Utopia)
• Social
• Economic
• Cultural
• Political
• Ethical
• Ecological-Environmental
More than 200 definitions !!

12. New rural significance and attributes
Public
Space
Private
Space
Multifuncional
Agroecosystems
ETC
Land
Agribusiness Family Farming Ecosystem Services
Commodities Legislation Green
Violence
Economy
Sustainability Sovereignty / nutritional
security Biotechnology
Agrarian
Agricultural Biodiversity Ecological Reform
Economy Agroecology

13. Conceptual framework – Looking for simplification!
DISTINCT UNITS OF ANALYSIS
IMPÉRIOS ALIMENTARES E OUTROS
NO NEED FOR A PHYSICAL
PRODUCTION UNIT SPECIFIC PRODUCTION UNIT OR
ACTIVITY
agriculture according agriculture according to
to Capitalist Logic Business Logic
agriculture according to Rural Logic
(variety of forms)
AGROECOSYSTEM WITH UNIT OF ANALYSIS
State Society Biodiversity
Figure : (adapted from PLOEG, 2008).

14. Brazilian
Biomes

15. Brazilian social ‘mega’ diversity
 More than 200 different indigenous peoples
 Traditional peoples and communities occupy roughly 1/3 of
Brazil’s territory
 Micro-economy based on
forest products
 Knowledge and practices
relating to biodiversity
management
Crianças kaxinawás, Feijó, Acre

19. Conflicts, degradation and social exclusion
DEVELOPMENT
vs
Social and
Environmental Issues
“Public Policies”
DEVELOPMENT MODELS /
POLICIES

20. Conservation vs Preservation vs Development
A challenge to
society !!!
For the first
time in Brazil..a
public debate ...

21. Examples
Action
Projects
Policies...

22. Development plus Biodiversity:
Research and outreach at Rural
settlements in the Vale do Ribeira –
São Paulo state

23. Management... Is it sustainable ?

24. Respect, Manage and Coexist with the regional
biodiversity
Fruit of the Bromelia pinguin, used to make
Jaguar footprint at the Apiaí settlement
a medicinal syrup.

25. Farmers participating in the surveying of the biodiversity at the Apiaí
settlement – training / skill building / participative planning

26. Agroecological tomato production
Biological pest control – bait (Tajujá

27. Pontal do Paranapanema- SP

29. State of São Paulo

32. Settlement, Santa Zélia, 2010

34. Bioenergy plus Biodiversity and
Nutritional Security
'''

35.  A. hassleri
 A. emensis
 A. glaucescens
 A. totai
Source: L.H.C.Berton Source : L.H.C.Berton Source : H.Lorenzi
 A. intumescens
 A. aculeata
Lorenzi, 2010
Source : H.Lorenzi Source : H.Lorenzi Source : L.H.C.Berton

36. Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata)
Bioenergy
- Native, rustic and abundant
- Longevity: about 100 years
- Starts to produce after 3 to 4 years
- Oil has excellent physical and chemical characteristics
- Multiple uses: 2 types of oil, 2 types of cake, activated charcoal, integration
- with livestock and crop farming, agroforestry systems
- Plantation density: 120 to 400 plants/ha
- Considerable research efforts and growth in commercial initiatives ;
- High productivity: 30 t. of biomass/ha and up to 4 t. of oil/ha
- SOYBEANS - 550 KG/HA OF OIL !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
36

37. Estimates of biodiesel production/ha
Soybean
420 kg.ha.year-1 Sunflower
890 kg.ha. year-1 Castor bean
1,320 kg.ha. year-1
(CESAR, 2003)
(AMBIENTE, 2005) Macaw palm (average)
(Berton et al.) 4,966 kg.ha. year-1
10,926 kg.ha.year-1

38. In 2,480 fruit,
the individual
mass varied
from 14.8 to
63.6 g

39. 39
S. Motoike

40. Sustainable Rural Landscapes
Production plus Conservation: Family farming
adhering to agrobiodiversity in the far south region
of Bahia state
Others....

42. Regional Context
Technology, Wealth and Poverty !
In an essentially rural region..

43. 6th / 8th year
0 to 6 years

44. Diagnóstico de conflitos sócio-ambientais em relação à plantações de
árvores; Coord. Anna Fanzeres
Relatório Final; Março 2005
www.ufrrj.br/institutos/if/lmbh

45. Reactions in the past...

47. ? ?
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52. ? ?? ??
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53. BIODIVERSE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
What is
Agroforestry?
Subsistence Generation of Living savings Community
(nutritional security) monthly income (forest products)
Investments
Restoration and RL + APP +
Environmental Adaptation Landscape

54. Aiii
Guri..

56. Cocoa plantation as a theoretical and methodological reference

57. Thank You