1. STUDY ON NRHM (NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH
MISSION) POLICY AND LACKING IN ITS
IMPLEMENTATION
Submitted By
SUPRIYA TRIPATHI
Enrollment number - A7528713065
BJ & MC -3rd
Semester
Under Guidance of
Ms. Areena Zainub Mirza
ASCO Lucknow
AMITY SCHOOL OF COMMUNICATION
AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW CAMPUS

2. ABSTRACT –
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) seeks to provide effective healthcare to rural and urban
population throughout the state with special focus on the backward districts with weak human
development and health indicators especially among the poor and marginalized groups like
women and the vulnerable sections of the society. The goal of NRHM is to improve the
availability and access to quality health care by people, especially for those residing in rural
areas, the poor women and children.
Some principles of NRHM are to provide effective healthcare to especially women and children
in Rural and Urban areas, which have weak indicators. This similarly means to raise access,
equity, accountability, quality and effectiveness of public health services and
Decentralized Management at District level and effective amalgamation of health programs
It aims to emphasize the involvement of Panchayati Raj Institution as well as the community in
management of primary health programs.
NRHM gyrate around some determinants of health like, Sanitation and Hygiene, Safe drinking
water, Nutrition, Gender and Social concerns.
Government spent lot of money for these policies but it is not mention anywhere about all the
lacking behind implementation of their policies. If Government releases a new policy for the
welfare of women and new born baby then how much does it implemented in the particular rural
area is the big question. How much the people of village are immunized, Does Pregnant ladies
know about the ‘Janani Surkasha Yojana’(JSY) which is basically all about to promote
Institutional Delivery. Does they are aware about ‘Swachta Samity’ in which government
promote clean and healthy environment. For this government spent a large amount of money. In
this policy, Gram Pradhan and ANM (Auxillary Nurse Midwives) has a joint account which is
basically for the cleaning of the village. The study through survey analysis attempts to analyze
effectiveness of the government policies in Rural and Urban areas. The study will be significant
in exploring the impact of such policies in Rural and Urban areas it could help to find out the
reason behind lacking in its implementation.
KEYWORDS- Government, Effective, Policies, Implementation, Immunization.

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
As a part of our course curriculum, I had to make a project report on the NRHM (National Rural
Health Mission) Policy and lacking in its implementation
to get the right exposure to the practical aspects of Journalism & Mass Communication.
I extend my heartiest thanks to everybody who helped me through the successful completion of
my project, which has been a great source of learning and experience for me.
I am also indebted to my teachers, my guide Ms.Areena Zainub Mirza, my family and friends for
their valuable support guidance in carrying out this study.
Student’s Signature
Name- SUPRIYA TRIPATHI
Date:

4. CERTIFICATE BY PROJECT GUIDE
Certified that the project Name of the Project is prepared by Name of the
Student, student of MJ&MC/BJ&MC (Semester), AMITY SCHOOL OF
COMMUNICATION, in partial fulfillment of award of degree of
Masters/Bachelors of Journalism and Mass Communication from AMITY
UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW CAMPUS.
FACULTY GUIDE
Name
Designation
Amity School of Communication
DIRECTOR
S.M. Johri
Professor-Director
AmitySchool of Communication
Date:

5. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Project Design
3. Literature Review
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusion/Result
6. References / Bibliography

6. INTRODUCTION
The National Rural Health Mission is a major bellwether program of the government in
the health & hygiene sector, It aims at comprehensive health and improved access to quality
health care for those residing in rural areas, particularly women, children and the poor by
promoting, Decentralization and encouraging community ownership in health
programs.
NRHM is primarily a financing mechanism for strengthening the public health system in the
states. NRHM design recognizes that beyond this increased investment, improved governance,
Institutional reform and innovation are essential, and these cannot be ensured by NRHM alone.
NRHM enabled a flexible program and budgetary environment which in turn stimulated state
governments to pilot innovations in health systems delivery.
NRHM has played a major role by strengthening health facilities to provide services
by adding over one lakh human resources, improving infrastructure, by increasing
availability of equipment and essential supplies and by promoting demand through
community level processes.
Four major innovations have contributed to the reduction in maternal mortality.
These include the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) for promoting institutional delivery,
the “Dial 108” Ambulance System, to address the issue of emergency transport, the
multi skilling of non specialist medical officers to address the lack of specialist skills for
the provision of emergency obstetric care and the Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
(JSSK) is to reduce the financial barriers of access to care.
The objective of this study is to get a ratio about the money expend by the government for the
welfare of women, children and society. The Study is to calculate it in a higher pace, that is it
just become the medium to earn money for the health and Hygiene department or do they follow
up the guidelines given by the government for the welfare of the society.
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7. Like for an example, if a lady know about the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) then it is also very
much necessary to know about the mature gap between two children for the better health of
mother. The relatively small enabling report is the sum given as part of JSY would significantly
influence women families to have repeated pregnancies, just to earn some money.
This directly influences the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and
lastly Total Fertility Rate (TFR).
Bringing families into contact with the health system increases their confidence in child survival
and helps to empower and motivate women for family planning. There is however a problem in
service provision of contraceptive services as there is a mismatch between the rate of
growth of skilled service providers and the utilization of services.
PROJECT DESIGN –
The research methodology used in this Survey is the Questionnaire method.
Survey was conducted to examine the impact of NRHM Policies in Rural and Urban Areas and
its related implementation. To analyze the opinion and reaction towards the same, the general
public from Rural and Urban areas of Bulandshahr were selected. The sample size was of 100
respondents drawn through random sampling. The questionnaire consisted of close ended
question which focused on gauging opinion of Rural and Urban living people for the different
government policies.
The questionnaire consist 21 questions, some with appropriate options. There are 5 questions for
Demographic Details and remaining from the existing topic. The questionnaire is as following –
प्रश्नमाला
1-नाम
2-पिता / िपत/ ित्नी का नाम
3-उम्र
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8. 4-पलिंग
5- ग्रामीण / शहरी- खिंड
6-पििापहत / अपििापहत
7- आिको शादी की औसत उम्र िता है
a- 18
b- 21
c- 16
8- क्या आि मातृत्ि की औसत उम्र जानते हो
a- हािं
b- -नहीं
c- -िता नही
9-पकतने बच्चे तुम्हारे िास है
10 -प्रसि कहााँ हुआ था
a- अस्िताल
b- घर
c- लागू नहीं
11- गर्ाािस्था के दौरान प्रपतरक्षण हुआ
a- हािं
b- नहीं
c- लागू नहीं
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9. 12- प्रपतरक्षण टीका नाम क्या है
a- टीटी 1
b- टीटी 2
c- िता नहीं
d- लागू नहीं
13-आयरन फोपलक एपसड की दिा पमला था
a- हािं
b- नहीं
c- लागू नहीं
14- आि जननी सुरक्षा योजना के बारे में कु छ जानते हो
a- हािं
b- नहीं
c- िता नहीं
15- प्रसि के बाद िैसा पमला था
a- हािं
b- नहीं
c- लागू नहीं
16- पकतना धन पमला था
a- 1000
b- 1400
c- लागू नहीं
17- आि सबला सलोनी योजना के बारे में कु छ जानते हो
a- हािं
b- नहीं
c- िता नहीं 4/12

10. 18- क्या आिके बच्चे का सर्ी टीकाकरण हुआ है
a-हािं
b-नहीं
c-िता नहीं
19- आि स्िच्छता सपमपत योजना के बारे में कु छ जानते हो
a-हािं
b-नहीं
c-िता नहीं
20- आि स्तनिान के प्रकार जानते हो
a-हािं
b-नहीं
c-िता नही
21- आि पकतने बच्चे को सुखी िररिार के पलए ियााप्त समझते हो
a- 2
b- 4
c- 6
d-
LITERATURE REVIEW –
People of Rural and Urban areas think that the government policies needs to be much more
effective to serve a valuable role in developing an organization and enhancing a organization’s
merciless position ability according to research survey analysis.
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11. Strengthen capacity for district planning and decentralized governance in health by more
responsive resource allocation strategies, and better capacities for district level planning and
management and Build up the capacity at the district level for providing advanced secondary and
tertiary care services in all basic specialists, in acting as a training and education center for
paramedical, nurses and mid-level care providers, and for purposes of planning and knowledge
management are some major topic for consideration.
Research has also found an impact of these policies which helps the people to reposition the
organizations and its relatively changing policies very effectively. The impact of these policies
has also been found to generate a positive impact on the economic return of the country and it
also help to generate the awareness among all of them.
The review of literature suggests that the government policies and its related awareness have
impact on the Rural and Urban people behaviors.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS –
The serious issue which create clash between the Objective of NRHM Goal is lack of education
or Illiteracy and Lack of Community ownership. Following is the result shown in the Pie Chart
to exaggerate the same.
1- आिको शादी की औसत उम्र िता है
Majority of respondents (35%) were of opinion that they think the
appropriate age of marriage is 16 years. Other 20% thinks that 21 years is average age and the
remaining 45 % people think that 18 years is the proper age for a girl to get married.
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Sales
18
21
16

12. 2 - क्या आि मातृत्ि की औसत उम्र जानते हो
Majority of people 45 % do not know the average age to become mother, 30% admitted that
they know but unfortunately they cannot give correct answer and the remaining 25% were
right and they know the average age to be pregnant.
3- प्रसि कहााँ हुआ था
Majority of respondents 75 % admit that they have institutional Delivery, 20 % in Home
and remaining 5 % others.
4- गर्ाािस्था के दौरान प्रपतरक्षण हुआ
Majority of respondents 65% agree that they go through all the immunization through
pregnancy, 10% not get proper care and the remaining 25% is not applicable question.
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Sales
Yes
No 30
Don't
Knw 45
Sales
Hospital
Home
Other
Sales
Yes
No
Not
Applicable

13. 5- प्रपतरक्षण टीका नाम क्या है
Majority of respondents 39% TT 1st
, 25% TT 2nd
, 20% Don’t Know and 16% not applicable.
6- आयरन फोपलक एपसड की दिा पमला था
Majority of respondent (75%) agree that they got the Iron doses from the hospitals
during their pregnancy, 20% admit that they do not get and the remaining 5% where
not applicable for this question.
7- आि जननी सुरक्षा योजना के बारे में कु छ जानते हो
Majority of respondents (65%)
admit that they know about the JSY, other 25% agree that they do not have any
knowledge about the same and the remaining do not know it particularly.
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Sales
TT 1st
TT 2nd
Dnt Knw
Sales
Yes
No
Not applicable
Sales
Yes
No
Don't Know

14. 8- प्रसि के बाद िैसा पमला था
Majority of respondent (79%) agree that they
receive the amount of money from the hospitals, rest 13% admit that they do not get
any money and the remaining 8% were not eligible to answer this question.
9- पकतना धन पमला था
Majority of respondent 45% get 1400 as they
belong to rural area, 35% get 1000 as those women belongs to urban area and remaining 20%
were not eligible for this question.
10- आि सबला सलोनी योजना के बारे में कु छ जानते हो
Majority of people 69% know about
SSY, 23% do not know about this policy and the remaining 8 have no
knowledge about this as they are not totally aware.
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Sales
Yes
No
Not
applicable
Sales
1400
1000
Sales
Yes
No
Don't know

15. 11- क्या आिके बच्चे का सर्ी टीकाकरण हुआ है
55% agree that their child is fully immunized,30%
were not able to do so and the remaining were not eligible to answer this question.
12- आि स्िच्छता सपमपत योजना के बारे में कु छ जानते हो
Majority of respondents 52% agree that they know
about SSY but the remaining 48% were not fully aware about the same.
13- आि स्तनिान के प्रकार जानते हो
Majority of respondents 59% do not know the types of breast
Feeding and the remaining 41 % know about the two types of feeding.
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Sales
Yes
No
Not
applicable
Sales
Yes
No
Sales
Yes
No

16. 14- आि पकतने बच्चे को सुखी िररिार के पलए ियााप्त समझते हो
Majority of people 49% admit that in their opinion 4 child
can be the average number for the happy family,33% admit 2 child and the remaining 18%
mark 6 child for the same.
This survey lead to an inevitable result, as it show the ratio of unaware people in Rural and
Urban areas and give a rough ratio about how much does the policies being implemented in
the high risk areas.
CONCLUSION –
As per the NRHM goal, they focus on the issue of Healthy Mother and Healthy Child. So, the
journey of a Healthy Mother starts from the Adolescence age where it is very much necessary to
have proper Health and Hygiene knowledge and in the series proper Nutritious meal related
information etc. But, I acknowledge that they are not fully aware about the situations related with
their Health and Care. So, they need to be fully sensitized and mobilize by the government. I
concluded that to attach community emotionally and mentally, the system of Road Show (Nukad
Natak) can work extremely well. As, people get aware and sensitized through Entertainment. I
also analyze that for much better result simultaneously Community Ownership is also very much
important, as if they are willing to have the services even then they could be properly sensitized
and mobilized. And for this particular process, if a Community Influencer support the program
then it can lead to better community ownership.
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Sales
2
4
6

17. Through the research I analyze that the serious issue which create clash between the objective of
NRHM goal is lack of education or illiteracy and Lack of Community ownership. It is also very
much important for the organization to do such programs like Nukad Natak, according to the
community which can affect the masses emotionally. NRHM employees must also get proper
Training & Orientation, as it is also very much necessary for the technical staff to do follow up
of Vaccination through Four key messages as per the NRHM Guideline, with this method
Parents could know about the vaccines and related reactions.
REFRENCES / BIBLIOGRAPHY –
NRHM Eleventh Five year plan from the official site, nrhm.gov.in
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