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Daniel Berchtold, Head Business Unit Rail Automation, Schweizer Electronic
1. Increasing Safety at User Worked Crossings
– How can Human Factors be Considered in
a Technical Approach
Daniel Berchtold
Head Business Unit Rail Automation
Schweizer Electronic
2. Value for Money Systems
Contents
1.
Summary of relevant Human Factors on LX
2.
Experience made during Swiss Trial
3.
Network Rail requirements for EUWC
4.
VaMoS: Technical Approach
5.
Resulting safety requirements
6.
How does cost influence safety?
7.
Conclusion
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3. Value for Money Systems
1 Human Factors on LX
Unconscious failure
– Distraction / Fatigue / Habit
– Misunderstandings
– Unclear situation / unclear indication
Conscious failure
– Violation => avoiding waiting time
– Wrong decision making => unawareness of risks
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4. Value for Money Systems
2 Experience from Swiss Trial
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5. Value for Money Systems
2 Experience from Swiss Trial
Red light well understood – absence of red light was not
Instructions were rarely read
Language problem
Uncertainty on persistent “Dark signal”
“No Red” was quickly associated with “No Train”
Waiting time was crucial
On-Call function was accepted/understood
Trust in system when indication clear and just-in-time
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6. Value for Money Systems
3 Network Rail Requirements
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7. Value for Money Systems
3 Network Rail Requirements
Minimum: Red Light & audible signal
Minimize warning time
Clear user interface / independent from user language
SIL 1
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8. Value for Money Systems
4 VaMoS: Technical approach
1.
Road User Interface: Red and Green light
2.
Just-in-time warning: 10/20 secs
3.
No instructions / unmistakable user indication
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9. Value for Money Systems
4 VaMoS: Technical approach
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10. Value for Money Systems
4 VaMoS: Technical approach
Road User Interface
Well known principle (code of practice)
–
–
–
Green: GO
Red: STOP
Dark: Not in operation
Broadly understood (children, foreigners)
Fail-safe principle
Audible warning
No instructions
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11. Value for Money Systems
4 VaMoS: Technical approach
Train Detection
Frauscher RSR123 wheel detection
–
–
–
–
Fail-safe, reliable
Maintenance free
Exact train position
Well proven
Just-in-time warning
Simple and easy to install
No interference with existing systems
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12. Value for Money Systems
5 Resulting Safety Requirements
Red and especially Green light indication MUST be fail-safe
– Failed Red => increased risk for user
– Failed Green => immediate danger
– Risk based approach => SIL 3 like regular LX
Train indication and approaching time MUST be fail-safe
Much higher system availability
– Dark mode = increased risk
Automatic, reliable, remote failure indication
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13. Value for Money Systems
6 How does cost influence safety ?
The lower the cost, the quicker and higher number of systems
will be installed
Minimized power consumption => allows cost effective
alternative power supplies
No maintenance => high maintenance cost is often an obstacle
to install additional systems on a network
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07.03.2014
14. Value for Money Systems
7 Conclusion
A fail-safe and reliable system with just-in-time warning
combined with an unmistakable user interface remarkable
reduces risk due to human misbehaviour
Red light is associated with immediate danger rather than just
“waiting time”.
Supports “safe” decision making of the road user:
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15. Value for Money Systems
7 Conclusion
"Assumed" value
of violation
Associated price
of violation
Old
Gain of time
=
high value
Little risk awareness
=
low price
New
No gain of time
=
small value
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Decision
Violation is
assumed being
beneficial
Red light means danger Waiting
=
is beneficial
high price
07.03.2014
16. Value for Money Systems
Questions?
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07.03.2014