1. Different types
of
Tankers

2. Specialization of ships

Until the 20th Century, ships generally, were all-purpose
cargo vessels, with very little specialization. (With the
exception of tank vessels which first appeared in the 1880s).

All cargoes were carried in general purpose holds or on
deck.

Modern commercial vessels are designed and built to
carry specific cargo types.

The names we give to the various vessel types reflect
the type of cargo for which they are designed and built to
carry. …. Example : Car Carriers , Bulk Carriers , Tankers etc

3. What is a ‘Tanker” ?
A tanker can be defined as
a
Ship designed to carry
liquid cargo in bulk.

4. Making of World’s First true Tank vessel
In 1886, the GLUCKAUF,a German Oil Tanker became the
world's first true tank vessel with separate tanks for the
carriage of oil, built into her hull.
The vessel was built by Tyneside Yards in Britain.
Model of Gluckauf
Actual Length 300 ft, Displacement 2307 tons.

5. 
But even within this generic type of a tank vessel, for commerce to be
carried out effectively and various liquid commodities be moved
across oceans, each tanker is specially designed to carry a particular
type of liquid cargo, not just crude oil.

Various liquid cargoes carried today includes:






Petroleum products (Oil),
Chemicals
Liquified Natural Gas (LNG)
Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG),
Fruit Juice carriers
and yes, even wine!

6. Oil Tankers
Ship carrying crude oil or refined products
M.T. Coral Sea
One of our modern double hull aframax crude oil tankers

7. Chemical Tankers
also sometimes called a Parcel tanker
A tanker vessel designed to carry chemicals, lube oils, vegetable & animal
oils and other specialty liquids in smaller quantities on one ship.
Most chemical tankers :
1.
Can also serve as
product tankers.
2.
Are equipped to carry
several types of cargoes
simultaneously.
More than 200 individual chemicals are traded on a seaborne basis today.

8. LNG Tankers
Cargo carried: Liquefied Natural Gas (mainly methane)
Can be identified with 2 distinct type of tank
construction.
LNG Tanker with Moss tanks
LNG Tanker with Membrane tanks
For shipment, gas is cooled and converted to liquid and is then pumped aboard a tanker
for transit in insulated tanks
Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG, is transported at approximately –160ºC,

9. LPG Tankers
Cargo carried:
Liquefied Petroleum Gas, mainly butane and propane
For shipment, gas is cooled and converted to liquid and is then pumped aboard a tanker
for transit in insulated tanks
Liquefied Petroleum Gas, LPG, is transported at approximately –40ºC,

10. Fruit Juice Carriers


Tanks are vertical
freestanding cylindrical in
shape and located in
refrigerated holds.

Carlos Fischer Orange Juice Carrier
Cargo of fruit juice is carried
in concentrated or natural
condition.
For natural orange juice
which is carried at a nominal
0ºC. The concentrate is
loaded and transported at
-10ºC

11. What is an ‘Oil Tanker” ?
A Oil tanker can be defined as
a
Ship designed to carry crude oil or
refined petroleum products

12. Types of Oil tankers
Broadly divided into two categories,depending on their trade
Crude Carrier

Crude oil

Dirty Petroleum
products (DPP) such as
Fuel Oil, LSWR,
Orimulsion.
Clean Product Carrier

Refined products. Clean
Petroleum Products (CPP).

Such as Petrol, gasoline,
Aviation Fuel, Kerosene
Naptha,

13. A Oil Tanker fleet is divided in 6 main categories,
typically depending on their cargo carrying capacity.
Class
Description
Vessel size
In Metric tons
ULCC
Ultra Large Crude Carrier
over 300,000
VLCC
Very Large Crude Carrier
over 200,000
SUEZMAX
A ship that can pass through the Suez Canal
125,000 - 200,000
AFRAMAX
Formerly known as LR2 or Long Range 2.
80,000 - 125,000
PANAMAX
A ship that can pass through the Panama
50,000 - 80,000
Canal formerly known as LR1 or Long Range ( 965 x 106 x 46 ft )
1.
MR
Medium Range
38,000 - 50,000
GP
General Purpose
under 38,000

14. Other type of tankers…….
Combination carrier:
Also called as OBO (OIL BULK AND ORE CARRIER)
• An OBO has gas-tight holds which can load either bulk cargoes
such as ore and coal or crude oil.
• These ships can be recognised because of the construction on deck.
They carry a row of hatches to load and discharge the bulk cargo
and also have smaller hatches and the associated pipe work to load
oil.
A Shuttle Tanker
is a tanker carrying oil from offshore fields to terminals.
Floating Production, Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO),
It is usually a large tanker often a converted old VLCC, (but now
brand new specialized FPSOs are being built) specifically
designed for the oil industry, working offshore where an onshore
facility to process and store offshore oil is deemed impractical.

15. Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC)
DWT-247,471MT

16. Suez Max
DWT-147,748 MT

17. AFRAMAX
DWT-105,665MT

18. PANAMAX
DWT-69,999MT

19. Medium range tankers (MR)
DWT-41,476 MT

20. Floating , Storage and Offloading unit (FSO).
Ex-Ross Sea
Location: Bungo Raya Oil Field, In Gulf
of Thailand

21. The largest ship ever constructed - supertanker
Jahre Viking
DWT-564,763 MT
At present she is performing as FSO at Al-Saheen Terminal, Qatar
in Arabian Gulf

22. Oil tankers are also described depending
the type of their construction
Cargo Oil Tanks
Cargo
Oil /
Water
ballast
Tanks
Water
Ballast tanks
(J-Shaped)
protecting
the cargo oil
tanks
Single Hull Tankers
Double Hull Tankers
Safety concerns and international regulation have encouraged a trend
to build double-hulled tankers, in the belief that the hull having two
skins will minimize pollution in the event of an accident.

23. Thank You