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- 1. Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment
- 4. Fig. 3-2 Hydrogen bond – H + H O — — — — + + + – – –
- 7. Fig. 3-3 Water-conducting cells Adhesion Cohesion 150 µm Direction of water movement
- 9. Fig. 3-4
- 14. Fig. 3-5 San Diego 72° 40 miles Pacific Ocean 70s (°F ) 80s 90s 100s Santa Barbara 73° Los Angeles (Airport) 75° Burbank 90° San Bernardino 100° Riverside 96° Santa Ana 84° Palm Springs 106°
- 17. Fig. 3-6a Hydrogen bond Liquid water Hydrogen bonds break and re-form Ice Hydrogen bonds are stable
- 20. Fig. 3-7 Cl – Na Cl – + + + + + + + + – – – – – – – – Na + – – – +
- 22. Fig. 3-8 (a) Lysozyme molecule in a nonaqueous environment (b) Lysozyme molecule (purple) in an aqueous environment (c) Ionic and polar regions on the protein’s surface attract water molecules.
- 27. Fig. 3-UN2 Hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) Hydroxide ion (OH – ) 2H 2 O H H H H H H H H O O O O
- 33. Fig. 3-UN5 Bases donate OH – or accept H + in aqueous solutions Acids donate H + in aqueous solutions Acidic [H + ] > [OH – ] Neutral [H + ] = [OH – ] Basic [H + ] < [OH – ] 14 7 0
- 34. Fig. 3-9 Neutral solution Acidic solution Basic solution OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – H + H + H + OH – H + H + H + H + OH – OH – OH – OH – H + OH – H + H + H + H + H + H + H + OH – Neutral [H + ] = [OH – ] Increasingly Acidic [H + ] > [OH – ] Increasingly Basic [H + ] < [OH – ] pH Scale 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Battery acid Gastric juice, lemon juice Vinegar, beer, wine, cola Tomato juice Black coffee Rainwater Urine Saliva Pure water Human blood, tears Seawater 9 10 Milk of magnesia Household ammonia Household bleach Oven cleaner 11 12 13 14
Notas do Editor
- Figure 3.2 Hydrogen bonds between water molecules
- Figure 3.3 Water transport in plants
- Figure 3.4 Walking on water
- Figure 3.5 The effect of a large body of water on climate
- Figure 3.6 Ice: crystalline structure and floating barrier
- Figure 3.7 Table salt dissolving in water
- Figure 3.8 A water-soluble protein
- Figure 3.9 The pH scale and pH values of some aqueous solutions