4. Acknowledgement
I am highly indebted to PSTTI for their guidance, support and constant supervision, as well
as for providing me necessary information regarding the project.
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to our beloved Sadaf Madam (The
Principal of Pstti) and Dr.Savitha .K.C(Secretary of PSTTI) who gave me a golden opportunity
to do this magnificent project on the topic(Introduction the concept of light with respect
day and night). This has helped me in doing lot of experiments and learning many new
things in the development.
I would also like to thank my husband, my daughter and my friends who helped me a lot in
finishing this project within the limited time frame.
Last, but not the least, I would like to express my heart felt gratitude to my parents for their
blessing, motivation and inspiration without which this work would have not been
completed.
5. Aims & objective to introduce Light
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Introduce the concept of light to a pre-schooler.
Introducing “Day and Night” to Children.
To make the child understand the difference between Light and Dark (shadow).
To enable children to develop their knowledge and understanding of the world they live in,
through investigation of that world.
To stimulate and excite pupil’s curiosity about light and events in the world about them and
satisfy that curiosity with knowledge.
Mathematical development: To teach children about the relative size of sun, moon, earth
and how their movement’s rotate to day and night, years and season.
To develop cognitive skills in the children through explaining the different activities we do
during the day and at night. Example: we get up from bed, brush our teeth, eat our
breakfast, go to school and go to bed at night.
To develop visual sense in children discussing how the sun is seen during the day as well as
clouds and a typically blue sky and how, at night, the moon & stars are often seen and the
sky looks black.
Language development: To develop language in children through different types of songs,
rhymes, describing how the sun rises, how it stays in the sky all day, slowly sets and rises
again the next day, how stars twinkle in the sky at night. To teach children when we say
“Good morning” “Good night”.
To teach length of the shadow children get concept of time.
6. Introduction of light ?
Light is a form of energy which our sense of
sight can detect. It travels in straight way.
Light energy from the sun travels through
space , reaches earth, and some of it turns to
heat energy and warms the earth’s air.
Light from the sun also travels to the cells of
green plants (producers) and is stored as
energy.
9. Description
Art and Craft
• Starry Night:
Use an old window shade of a dark color. Have them
children use white crayons or chalk to draw the sky at night.
Or let the children use bobbi-pins to punch constellation
holes in the shade. When you hold the shade up to a
window the light will shine through to make starlight.
• Splatter white paint on black or blue paper or use a spray
bottle to create a starry night picture. Children can add
moon or constellation with a paint brush or crayons.
• Do night/day pictures by placing a dark sheet of paper next
to a light piece of paper. Have the children glue on
appropriate clothing items on each page.
10. • Smiling Sun
Cut a big circle from yellow construction paper. Glue
onto blue construction paper. Draw a happy face on
circle and draw rays around sun. Tear yellow foam egg
cartons into small pieces and glue along rays you have
drawn.
• Scratch Art
Color a piece of paper with yellow crayon. Mix a small
amount of liquid soap into black paint (soap helps
paint stick to waxy crayon). Paint over the yellow
crayon. Let dry. When dry scratch off paint to make
stars and moons.
11. • Shadows
On a sunny day get the children to draw around a shadow - in the morning, at
noon and in the evening. During this time they can see the different things
shadows do and where they move.
• Clocks
A clock can be made with a circle of cardboard or a paper plate, a paper
fastener and something for the hands for example leaves. Put the hands of
the made clock on a selected time and place it next to a real clock. Then
watch the clocks from time to time till they read the same time. It helps
develop the concept of time passing.
• Painting
Staple two paper plates together back-to-back. Get the children to paint on
side black and sprinkle it with gold glitter, then paint the other side a bright
colors.
• Place a piece of paper in the bottom of a baking tray or small box. Add a bit of
black paint and some golf ball or marbles. Then the children move these
backwards and forward to spread the paint and make a pattern.
12. • Games and Activities
• All Night and All Day: 1. Collect pictures of children, families and
animals involved in activities related to nighttime (sleeping, wearing
pajamas, using flashlights, animals in the dark) and daytime (playing
outside, hiking, animals in daylight).
2. Laminate or cover with clear self-adhesive paper for durability if
desired.
3. Put the pictures out in a basket or shoe box for kids to look at on
their own, during circle time talk with them about the activities in
the pictures.
4. Divide a poster board or large sheet of paper into two sections.
On one side draw a large sun, blue sky and on the other side draw a
dark sky with moon and stars.
5. Encourage kids to place the pictures of daytime activities on the
"sunny side" and the night pictures on the "dark side".
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13. Suggestion
• This topic brings together the mysterious
(night) and the routine (day). It can be used to
introduce clocks and time, outer space and
opposites. There is also plenty of scope for
lots of story work and book making, as there
are so many children’s texts that relate to the
idea of night and day. In this section you will
find a mind map and a list of the areas of
learning with some quick suggestions and
ideas.
14. Personal, social and emotional Development
• Role play area – bedtime things, dressing
gowns, slippers, mugs for warm milk, story books, dim
lighting, blankets, toothbrushes/daytime things – kitchen
equipment, outdoor shoes, coats, bags, toys, bright
lighting
• Discuss daily routines – cleaning, washing, and looking
after you
• Circle time – opportunities to discuss dreams, fear of the
dark
• Read a bedtime story to Teddy
15. Communication, language and literacy Development
• Collect night time words and day time words – display as
opposites, or word mobiles
• Book making - a day time and night time book/own
versions of well known story books or rhymes
• Collect star words and sun words
• Day and night sounds – listening games
• Play writing opportunities – write letters to the man in
the moon
• Glitter pens to draw stars and moon
16. Knowledge and understanding of the world
• Doll’s House – setting up rooms for night and day
• Role play area – a clock menders/ a night time cave
for animals
• Tray with small world nocturnal animals
• Story making – going to bed and getting up
• Moths (night) and Butterflies (day)
17. Problem solving, reasoning and numeracy
• Sorting – objects to do with day and night
sorted into large hoops
• Tessellation – star shapes, diamond shapes
• Size and shape – stars of different
18. Physical Development
• 1 minute jumping/running/balancing etc. – using a one
minute timer
• Awake/asleep games – replace ‘stop’/’go’ with
‘awake’/’asleep’
• Be a nocturnal animal – bat/moth/badger/hedgehog/owl etc.
19. Creative Development
• Wax resist pictures using candles
• Make night and day sounds using musical
instruments
• Listen to lullaby music to represent night time/busy
music to represent day time
• Book making
• Make clock chimes using appropriate instruments
20. Conclusion
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Night and day are important concepts to teach preschoolers. Lessons about the
Sun can include information about how it affects light and darkness, as well as
human and animal activity. Learning about night and day works as a precursor in
introducing preschoolers to calendars and other methods of tracking time.
Various tools are used to explain the difference between Day ,night, the Sun and
the Moon. Examples are games, songs, books and scientific experiments. Different
art project are also used as a mode of teaching children about daytime and
nighttime. These crafts will enhance understanding alongside an instructive
curriculum.
Exploring the sky is an enjoyable activity at any age, but for
kindergartners, studying the sky and the difference between day and night is
usually part of the science curriculum. Kindergarten sky projects during day and
night provide opportunities for students to explore the sky, including the sun, the
moon and the stars. Teaching kindergarten students about day and night typically
involves in giving many examples like “it is sunny during the day” and “dark at
night” in simple terms. As part of this teaching unit, we must schedule a trip to a
local planetarium to provide students with more information about day and night.
