1) The document summarizes new information presented in the second edition of the book "Cataclysms on the Columbia: The Great Missoula Floods" including updated dates, maps, photos, and science about massive floods that occurred in eastern Washington and Oregon around 15,000-18,000 years ago. 2) The floods, known as the Missoula Floods, were caused by the sudden drainage of a large pro-glacial lake in western Montana on multiple occasions. They carried over 1,000 cubic miles of water and deposited distinctive geological features across hundreds of miles. 3) New dating techniques have helped scientists better understand the timing and impacts of these floods, which were among the

2. Cataclysms on the Columbia The Great Missoula Floods Dr. John Eliot Allen Dr. Marjorie Burns Dr. Scott Burns Portland State University Ooligan Press, PSU

3. 1) Name for the Floods is Missoula Floods not Bretz Floods 2) Dates are in Calendar Years not C-14 Years 3) Color Photos 4) Maps are shaded relief maps for easier reading 5) Rest of the Story added for history of the Floods 6) Totally updated science of the floods New Things in the Second Edition of the Book: Darryl Lloyd photo

4. In front of Mt. Rushmore “ Five great men in one picture – four of them don’t show” J Harlen Bretz

6. Bretz et al in the Grand Coulee, ca 1928 Bretz, circa 1910

8. Photo: Darryl Lloyd

12. A “Palouse Island” along I-90, about 5 miles north of Sprague, Washington

13. Big whorls have little whorls, Which feed on their velocity: Little whorls have smaller whorls And so unto viscosity. JEA p31

14. Strand lines on the Washington side of the Columbia River Gorge

15. Bretz, 1933

16. USGS Controversy James Gilluly G.R. Mansfield O.E. Meinzer

17. Revisionists Ira Allison Richard Foster Flint

18. J.T. Pardee Breaks the Silence

20. Vindication Before Bretz dies in 1981 at 98 years of age

21. The Rest of the Story 1979 photo

22. Richard Waitt

24. Burlingame Gulch near Touchet, Washington Exposing 40 rhythmite beds

26. Burlingame Gulch near Touchet, Washington Exposing 40 rhythmite beds

27. Set S Mt. St. Helens Ash near Mabton in the Yakima Valley

28. Brian Atwater

29. Close-up of 2 rhytmites showing varved annual layers of silt and clay

33. Altai Mountains

36. Glacial Lake Missoula : 1) 530 mi 3 water 2) 50 mi 3 ice 3) 2100 feet deep 4) Elevation: 4250 ft.

37. Ancient beach strand lines can still be seen Lake Missoula was ~ ½ the size of Lake Michigan

38. Nine Mile Section : 1) Pale: river deposits (36) 2) Dark: varves (1000) 3) oldest: 58 varves

44. Grand Coulee Dam Spokane Odessa

45. Potholes in Quincy Basin

46. Palouse Falls

47. Wallula Gap

50. Mt. St. Helens double ash layers, age 13,000 between 29th and 30th layer

52. Columbia River, west of Philippi Canyon

53. Gravel bar formed at entrance to Philippi Canyon

57. Bonneville

58. Beacon Rock – Columbia Gorge

59. Rooster Rock (has had different names in the past)

62. Swan Island If the Missoula Floods were to occur today

64. Willamette Meteorite ( 1902 photo) 1905 exposition

66. Foreset beds in Durham Pits – now under Bridgeport

68. 15,000 year old soil overlies on older paleosol in the loess

70. 1935 Ira Allison map

71. Bellevue Erratic – argillite – 1950 measured approx. 160 tons, now approx. 40 tons

72. Irish Bend south of Corvallis

74. Floodwaters, entrained sediments and turbid currents that swept across the Pacific Ocean floor for 700 miles (1100 km). Normark et al. (2000)

75. Ancient Cataclysmic Floods 5 Ancient Cataclysmic Floods exposed in paleosols near The Dalles

77. Volcanic Soils on the hills of Dundee, Oregon Volcanic soils on the hills of Dundee, Oregon