This document discusses emotions and moods. It defines affect, emotions, and moods, noting that emotions are intense feelings directed at something, while moods tend to be less intense and lack a stimulus. It explores aspects of emotions like biology, intensity, frequency and duration. It discusses basic positive and negative moods and various sources that can influence emotions and moods, such as personality, time of day, stress, social activities, sleep, exercise, age, and gender. It also covers external constraints like organizational and cultural influences. The document concludes with applications of emotions and moods in organizational behavior, such as selection, decision making, creativity, motivation, leadership, and customer service.

1. Presented By:
Naeem Muzafar
Usman Ali
Raza ullah Karim
Tufail Inayat
Fazal Wahab
MBA(B&F)
3rd Semester

2. Emotions and Moods

3. What are Emotions and Moods
Affect
– a generic term that encompasses
both emotions and moods
Emotions – intense feelings that are
directed at someone or something
Moods – feelings that tend to be less
intense than emotions and often lack a
contextual stimulus
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4. Affect, Emotions and Moods
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5. Aspects of Emotions
Biology
of Emotions – emotions originate in the
brain’s limbic system, which is different for each
person
Intensity – different people give different
responses to identical emotion-provoking
stimuli
Frequency and Duration – some emotions
occur more frequently and emotions differ in
how long they last
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6. Aspects of Emotions (cont.)
Emotions
and Rationality – Our emotions
provide important information about how
we understand the world around us.
Evolutionary Psychology – states that we
must experience emotions because they
serve a purpose; hard to know if this is
valid all the time
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7. Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affects
Emotions cannot be neutral.
 Emotions (“markers”) are grouped into general mood states.
 Mood states affect perception and therefore perceived reality.
o
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8. Sources of Emotions and Moods
Personality
– predisposes people to
experience certain moods and emotions.
Affect intensity affects the strength of the
emotion
Day of week and Time of day – more
positive interactions will likely occur from
mid-morning onwards and also later in
the week
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9. Day of Week Impact on Mood
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10. More Sources
Weather
– not an impact according to
research
Stress – increased stress worsens moods
Social Activities – usually increase
positive mood and have little effect on
negative mood
Sleep – less sleep or poor quality sleep
increases negative emotions
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11. More Sources
Exercise
– enhances positive mood
Age – older people experience negative
emotions less frequently
Gender – women show greater
emotional expression, experience
emotions more intensely and display
more frequent expressions of emotions
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12. External Constraints on Emotions
Organizational
Influences – most
American organizations strive to be
emotion-free
Cultural Influences – cultures vary
in:
◦ Degree to which people experience
emotions
◦ Interpretation of emotions
◦ Norms for the expression of emotions
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13. Emotional Labor
An
employee’s expression of
organizationally desired
emotions during interpersonal
transactions at work
Emotional dissonance is when
an employee has to project
one emotion while feeling
another one
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14. Felt vs. Displayed Emotions
Felt
emotions are the individual’s actual
emotions
Displayed emotions are those that the
organization requires workers to show
Surface acting is hiding our true emotions
Deep acting is trying to change one’s
feelings based on display rules
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15. Emotional Intelligence
One’s
ability to detect and manage
emotional cues and information
Five dimensions:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Self-awareness
Self-management
Self-motivation
Empathy
Social skills
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16. The case for EI
Intuitive
appeal – it makes sense
Evidence suggests that a high level of EI
predicts high job performance
Study suggests that EI is
neurologically based
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17. The case against EI
EI
is too vague a concept
EI can’t be measured
EI is so closely related to intelligence and
personality that it is not unique when
those factors are controlled
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18. OB Applications of
Emotions and Moods
Selection
– employers should consider EI
a factor in hiring employees, especially for
jobs that demand a high degree of social
interaction.
Decision Making – Positive emotions can
increase problem-solving skills and so
positive people find better solution to
problems.
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19. OB Applications of
Emotions and Moods
Creativity – Positive moods increase
creativity.
Motivation – Organizations that promote
positive moods are likely to have a more
motivated workforce.
Leadership – Emotions help
convey messages more
effectively
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20. OB Applications of
Emotions and Moods
Customer Service – customers “catch”
emotions from employees, called
emotional contagion.
Emotional
contagion is important
because when customer catch positive
moods or emotions of employees they
shop longer.
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21. OB Applications of
Emotions and Moods
Job
Attitudes – emotions at work get
carried home but rarely carry over to the
next day.
Deviant Workplace Behaviors – those
who feel negative emotions are more
likely to engage in deviant behavior at
work.
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22. How Can Managers Influence
Moods?
Use humor to lighten the
moment.
Give small tokens of
appreciation.
Stay in a good mood themselves
– lead by example.
Hire positive people.
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