Internship Report of PIA

1. Jinnah International Airport, Karachi
Pakistan International Airlines
INTERNSHIP
REPORT
2012
Muzzamil Shaikh
Electrical (Telecom)
Engineering

2. INTERNSHIP REPORT 2012
Sukkur IBA
Electrical Engineering Department, Sukkur IBA Page 2 of 15

3. INTERNSHIP REPORT 2012
Table of Contents
Executive Summary..............................................................................................................................................3
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................4
Discussion ...........................................5
HF Communication:.........................................................................................................................................5
VHF Communication:.......................................................................................................................................5
Emergency locator transmitter (ELT)....................................................................................................................6
Automatic survivor (AS) ..................................................................................................................................6
Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)........................................................................................................................7
Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)..............................................................................................................................9
Low Range Radio Altimeter................................................................................................................................10
Weather RADAR.................................................................................................................................................11
Air Traffic Control (ATC).....................................................................................................................................11
Distance Measurement Equipment DME...........................................................................................................12
Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS).........................................................................................................13
In-Flight Entertainment (IFE)..............................................................................................................................14
VHF Omni Range (VOR)......................................................................................................................................14
Information Landing System (ILS)......................................................................................................................15
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................................16
Electrical Engineering Department, Sukkur IBA Page 3 of 15

4. INTERNSHIP REPORT 2012
Executive Summary
This is a report about the internship at the Engineering Department of PIA (Pakistan International
Airlines). The purpose of the internship was to introduce the telecommunication systems that are
used in aircrafts. These systems include HF and VHF communication Systems, GPWS, ELTs
(emergency locator transmitter), ADF (automatic direction finder), CVR (cockpit voice recorder),
Weather radar, ATC (air traffic controller), LRRA (low arrange radio Altimeter), DME (distance
measurement equipment), TCAS (traffic collision avoidance system), IFE (interactive flight
equipment), VOR (VHF Omni Range), ILS (Information Landing System). This Internship was
basically study of PIA aircrafts specially Boeing-777 and Boeing-310.
Electrical Engineering Department, Sukkur IBA Page 4 of 15

5. INTERNSHIP REPORT 2012
Introduction
The journey of our internship started on the very first day we were given the Security pass to
enter in the engineering section. PIA has the workshops in many fields of engineering but as a
telecom-engineering student we were initially sent to the RADIO overhaul section of PIA
Engineering Department. RADIO overhaul workshop is place where all Communication equipment
of aircraft are repaired and maintained. There were about 20 engineers working in that RADIO
over haul. Everyone has fixed responsibilities. The engineers working there were very much
competent. They were working on the components of following systems used in the aircrafts.
 HF and VHF communication
 ELTs (Emergency locator transmitter)
 ADF (Automatic direction finder)
 CVR (Cockpit voice recorder)
 LRRA (Low arrange radio Altimeter)
 Weather RADAR
 ATC (Air traffic control)
 DME (Distance measurement equipment)
 TCAS (Traffic collision avoidance system)
 IFE (In Flight Entertainment)
 VOR (VHF Omni range)
 ILS (Information Landing System)
Electrical Engineering Department, Sukkur IBA Page 5 of 15

6. INTERNSHIP REPORT 2012
Discussion
Our journey was started with HF and VHF communication Section and we were given the
knowledge about the communication systems that the Aircraft uses for voice communication in
the HF and VHF band.
HF Communication:
It is used for long distant communication. It uses sky wave propagation. The power requirement
of HF transceivers is (100-200) but 120 is recommended. In PIA aircrafts 2 HF transceivers are
used. At a time 1 will work because of Single HF Antenna.
VHF Communication:
It is used for communication up to 150 miles. it is mostly used at the time of Take-off and
landing . The power requirement of VHF transceivers is (18-28) but 22 watt is recommended. In
PIA aircrafts 3 VHF transceivers are used. 3 can be Used Simultaneously
Electrical Engineering Department, Sukkur IBA Page 6 of 15

7. INTERNSHIP REPORT 2012
Emergency locator transmitter (ELT)
Emergency locator transmitter is used by aircraft to point out the flight when any emergency
occur. There are two types of ELT:
Automatic telecommand Portable (ATP)
ATP is a transmitter placed in Airplane and is used to locate the emergency. It is activated when
a heavy jerk accrue in height of flight. When a rapid change is detected in height of flight this
transmitter transmit a signal to the satellite, so that the emergency can be located. It works on
the gravity so that the name G-switch is also used.
Automatic survivor (AS)
It is also a type of ELT but is activated when plane fall in water. It has a water detector sensor
whenever the water is detected it transmits signal to satellite.
ELT signal contain 3 types of information in it
1. Plane tail number
2. Country code
3. CSN number
Electrical Engineering Department, Sukkur IBA Page 7 of 15