This document provides a grammar guide for Spanish verbs and verb tenses. It covers topics such as present tense conjugations, stem changers, irregular verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexives, se impersonal, gustar verbs, hacer expressions, preterite vs imperfect, comparatives and superlatives, the future tense, ser vs estar, por vs para, commands, the present perfect, double object pronouns, adverbs, the subjunctive mood, and progressive tenses. The guide is presented through tables, examples, and explanations to teach Spanish grammar concepts.

1. Gramatica de Libro
By: McKenzie Feyerabend

2. Table of Contents
1) Front Cover
2) Table of Contents
3) Present tense
4) Stem changers
5) Irregular
6) Saber vs. Conocer
7) Reflexives
8) Se impersonal
9) Verbs like gustar
10) Irregular verbs
11) Hacer expressions
12) Imperfect
13) Preterite tense
14) Comparatives/ Superlatives
15) Future

3. Presente – Ar, Er, Ir verbos
Ar Er Ir
-o -o -o
-as -es -es
-a -e -e
-amos -emos -imos
-an -en -en

4. Stem Change
―e‖ se convierte a ―ie‖
―e‖ se convierte a ―I‖
―o‖ se convierte a ―ue‖
―u‖ se convierte a ―ue‖
--No se cambian en el nosotros
ni vosotros

5. Irregulares en el presente
―go‖, ―zco‖, y los demas verbos

6. Saber vs. Conocer
•Both mean to know.
•Irregular in yo form. (Se, conozco)
Saber- Used to Conocer- Used
express knowledge to express
of facts. familiarity with
places or
people.

7. Reflexives
Me Te Se Nos Se
El tiene que banarse.
Command: Banate
Conjugated verb: Te banas

8. Se Impersonal
Passive voice- No
specific person
Reciprocal action

9. Verbs like Gustar
In english we use ―liking‖, but in
spanish it doesn’t exist.
Example: Maria le gusta escuela. It is
more direct.

10. Hacer Expressions

11. Irregular—Cucharacha verbs
•Andar- Anduve •Conducir- Conduj
•Estar- Estuv •Producir- Produj
•Poder- Pude •Traducir- Traduj
•Poner- Pus •Decir- Dij
•Quere- Quis •Traer- Traj
•Saber- Sup
•Tener- Tuv
•Vener- Vin

12. -Uir/guir, -cer/cir, -ger/gir
•Gu-O en yo. (E-I)
•Cer/cir- (c-z) en yo
•(c-zc)

13. Irregular--Spock
IR/SER DAR/VER
• Fui •I
• Fuiste •Iste
• Fue •Io
• Fuimos
•Imos
• Fueron
HACER •ieron
•Hice
•Hiciste
•Hizo
•Hicimos
•hicieron

14. El Imperfecto-- snakes
In third person
Leer, creer, oir change the I to Y in
third person.

15. El imperfecto
Used to express actions in the past
that occurred repeatedly or over a
long period of time.

16. Preterite-tense verbs with spelling
Pedir (e>i)
Dormir (o>u)
Pedi Dormi
Pediste Dormiste
Pedio Durmio
Pedimos Dormimos
Pediesteis Dormisteis
Pidieron Durmieron

17. Preterite
Endings: e, aste, o, amos, aron
Past action that is completed.
Triggers:

18. Comparatives/Superlatives
Mas..que - more than
Menos…que - less than
Tan…como - as (much) as
Tanto…como - as much
Definite article + noun + mas or
menos + adjective

19. Future
Endings: e, as, a, emos, an
Irregulars: poner– pondre. Decir– dire
Triggers:

20. Ser vs. Estar
SER ESTAR
•Descriptions •Health
•Origin De.. •Emotions
•Characteristics •Location
•Time •Present Condition
•Occupation •ING- Ar>ando
•Relationships •Er/Ir> iendo/yendo
•Events
•Dates

21. Dipthongs with accents
Verbs like estudiar and limpiar
do not require accents
because the stress is not
placed on the ―I‖

22. Hacer + ___ + que + ___
Adjectivos
Mas, menos, tan, tanto

23. Ser vs. Estar
SER ESTAR
 Descriptions-Lapiz,
Cuaderno Health- bien, mal
 Origin de..Mexico, Peru
Emotions-Triste
 Characteristics- alto, baja
 Time- Es la una, Son las Location- la case, la escuela
 Occupation- doctor Present Condition-
 Relationships-Hermano/ sucio, cerrado
hermanastro
 Possession- De quien es..
 Events- De la clase, fiesta
 Dates- Lunes, Martes

24. Table of Contents parte dos!
Preterite/Imperfect
Future/Conditional
Por
Para
Por vs. para
Commands
Present Perfect
Double Object pronouns
Adverbs
Subjunctive
Se Impersonal

25. Preterite vs. Imperfecto
Endings:  Used to express
e, aste, o, amo actions in the
s, aron past that
Past action occurred
that is repeatedly or
completed. over a long
period of time.

26. Future/ Conditional
Helps you talk about what would
happen under certain conditions.
Irregular stem- same endings.
Dicir Dire Diria
Endings—
• Ia
• Ias
• Ia
• Iamos
• ian

27. Por
Motion
Destination
Purpose or goal
Recepient of something operation
"¿Por qué?" means "Why?" (for what reason)
while "¿Para qué?―means "Why?" (for what
purpose).

28. Para
• Destination
• Deadline or specific time in the future
• Purpose or goal
• Recipient of something
• Comparisions with other or to give an
opinion
• In the employ of

29. Por VS Para
Motion
• Destination
Destination
• Deadline or specific time in
Purpose or goal the future
Recepient of • Purpose or goal
something operation • Recipient of something
"¿Por qué?" means • Comparisions with other or
"Why?" (for what to give an opinion
reason) while "¿Para • In the employ of
qué?―means "Why?"
(for what purpose).

30. Commands!
Used to tell someone to do
something.
Ejemplo: Haga la tarea. (Do your
homework)

31. Present Perfect
It means ―has‖ or ―have‖ done
something.
I have studied he estudio.
• Place He before the verb.
Has
Ha
Hemos
Han

32. Double Object Pronouns
When a direct object pronoun and an indirect
object pronoun are in the same sentence, the
indirect object pronoun goes before the DO
pronoun.
Ejemplo: Ellan me los dicen.
Make it negative by putting no before the
pronouns.
Ejemplo: No me lo dice.

33. Adverbs
Adverbs usually have ~mente at
the end of the word. It is like -ly in
english.
rapidamente
mal
perfectamente

34. Subjunctives
• Indicate mood
• states facts, actions, and attitudes
• Ar- e, es, e, emos, en
• Er- a, as, a, amos, an
• Irregular-
• dar, estar, ir, saber, ser, hay
• Dar- de, des, de, demos, den

35. Se impersonal
se= one/people
¿Se puede nadar en el lago?
Can you swim in the lake? / Can one swim in the
lake?
Se is used as the reflexive pronoun for third-
person uses (including when usted or ustedes is
the subject).

36. Progressive w/ Ir, Andar, y
Seguir
+ ando/iendo/yendo
Is slowly but surely ___ing
Ir
+ ando/iendo/yendo
Andar Is going around ___ing
Seguir + ando/iendo/yendo
Is still ____ing
(e-i)