Professor Andrew Dorward conceptualises development post-2015 by drawing on the analysis of The Lancet-LIDC Commission on the Millennium Development Goals.

1. The Millennium Development Goals: a cross-sectoral analysis and principles for goal setting after 2015Conceptualising development post-2015Andrew DorwardSchool of Oriental and African Studies LSHTM, 13 September 2010

2. Post 2015 options Sumner : Continue with the same MDGs, with or without a timeline. More radical: new targets, perhaps locally defined, with or without a timeline. Combine the MDGs with something new: ‘inner core’ of the existing MDGs, plus ‘outer core’ of new, locally defined targets Manning: go beyond aid, recognise influence of changing global factors & power structures 2008-09 Chronic Poverty Report : new development agenda, universal access to basic social protection & universal access to post-primary education by 2020, elimination of absolute poverty by 2025.

3. Post 2015: aspirations Build on MDG strengths, address weaknesses Core changes: reduce gaps & fragmentation, enhance integration better targeting & indicators greater equity & ownership beyond minimalist poverty reduction / survival Coherent & shared approach to development processes & outcomes principles guiding action across different sectors recognise multiple perspectives recognise means/ ends commitment / action across all countries.

5. Post 2015: proposal Development: a dynamic process involving sustainable and equitable access to improved well-being Improved well-being Holistic freedoms & capabilities to make choices Quality, quantity, diversity, equity Satisfaction not maximisation Principles: Holism Equity Sustainability Ownership Global obligation

6. Holism: avoid gaps, realize synergies Human development change in individual human conditions & resources Well-being Overarching ends Environmental development change in access to & relations with natural & environmental resources Social development Change in social relations and resources Dimensions Underpinning means Physical capital Population stabilisation

7. Holism: elements Well-being Human development Elements Health Learning Livelihoods Energy Nutrition Housing Governance Human rights Gender relations Communications Climate stabilisation Water Population stabilisation Social development Environmental development

8. Equity: equality that is fair Opportunity, Process and Outcome Intergenerational and intra-generational Focus on quality & adaptability of provision differences in needs, access & abilities of & costs for different groups access, process and outcome targets & indicators by economic, geographic, ethnic, age, gender factors Links with holism, sustainability, ownership, & obligation

9. Sustainability Capacity to persist, and resist or recover from shocks or stresses affecting productivity Material viability Social /economic viability & acceptability Adaptability (learning) Differences between global & national sustainability economic productivity growth with material consumption critical for the poor & for increasing population - not for advanced economies? all stakeholders with control over resources need ability & incentives for system maintenance. Links with holism, equity, ownership & global obligation

10. Ownership Representation, participation, accountability, transparency Intrinsic and instrumental, ends/ means Open discussion and public scrutiny International, national & local processes, targets & challenges Subsidiarity? Partnerships? Power, interests? Links with holism, equity, sustainability & obligation

11. Global obligation Normative, institutional and political issues Significant transfers of resources from developed to developing economies; commitments to address inequities in structural relations between countries Nature of our obligations to people who are not citizens of our country? Challenge to develop & deepen shared obligations, institutional frames and political processes UN reform?