JAPAN: ORGANISATION OF PMDA, PHARMACEUTICAL LAWS & REGULATIONS, TYPES OF REGI...
D4DLpres_oct2013
1. Who am I?
Jocelyn Wishart
University of Bristol, UK
University researcher and teacher specialising in the use of new
technologies to support education, especially science education
What am I going to present?
Draw on your students work and your own to tell us what should be in
a scenario so that it communicates to (1) teachers, (2) other
researchers.
2. Scenarios, or simulated case studies, are a means of articulating
issues from real-world experiences and of providing a vision or way
forward for the future (Kamtsiou, Koskien, Naeve, Pappa &
Stergioulas, 2006).
Such an approach supports contextualisation of issues, exploration
of multiple perspectives, reflection, and opportunities to develop
collaborative solutions (Herrington, Oliver & Reeves, 2003).
Their use in an ethics workshop (adapted from Howard, Lothen-Kline
and Boekeloo (2004)) implies need for three elements:
• The scenario.
• An ethics framework, set of principles or ethical decision-making
strategy in the context of which the scenario is to be considered.
• A set of questions to stimulate ethical discussion of the scenario.
3.
4. Scenario: Where do you stop?
Key Issue: Boundaries between formal-informal, public-private, home-
school, real-virtual etc.
Research question: What use can undergraduate university students
make of social networks to support their formal learning?
Description: This is a project funded by a National Teaching Innovation
Grant and run by a university lecturer who is concerned that their topic is
perceived by students to be a particularly ‘dry’ one. They are interested in
developing their teaching to make more use of collaborative learning
opportunities enabled by students using mobile phones to access social
networking sites at a time and place convenient to them. They have set a
task to be completed on line through, say, Facebook, where students work
with each other on a set task.
5. Scenario: Where do you stop?
Questions to be considered:
• Who should be asked for consent and how should they be informed?
• When is a discussion ‘on task’ and thereby included and when is it ‘off-
task’?
• What are the pros and cons of having the lecturer as a ‘friend’?
• What are they to do on coming across unexpectedly personal
information?
• How to anonymise the data?
Other similar situations:
Any research involving a mobile device that is used in personal as well as
work contexts is likely to lead to access, wittingly or unwittingly, of
personal information unrelated to the project. A participant may be
unaware when giving consent to the research of the extent of the personal
data stored on the phone.
6.
7. Each scenario to cover:
• Sector
• Subject
• Pedagogy (teaching strategy and planned learning outcome)
• Technology (device and apps)
• Organisational/logistical issues with focus on practicalities
(charging, coverage, replacement...)
• Acceptance/attitudes
• Sustainability/scalability issues
• Ethical accessibility or m-safety concerns
• Outcomes evaluation and
• Acceptable use guidelines
NB Currently rare to find scenarios of what didn’t work
8. A Current Scenario: Handheld rather than mobile learning?
James asked school students to use a school supplied PDA for four
science learning activities in a Year 10 class:
• Quick response (QR) codes linked to resources that allow students to
find supporting information for the set task,
• Camera to record stages in a chemistry experiment linking photos to
appropriate equations,
• E-book on Global Warming and
• Data logging software and light gates to record velocity in an
experiment exploring momentum.
Students found data logging app difficult to understand and use but the
other activities showed how e-books, mobile cameras and QR codes can
empower learners to have increased choice and independence in how
they approach their learning.
9. References:
Herrington, J., Oliver, R. & Reeves, T. ( 2003). Patterns of engagement in
authentic online learning environments, Australian Journal of Educational
Technology, 19(1). 59-71.
Howard, D.E., Lothen-Kline, C., & Boekeloo, B.O. (2004). Using the case-study
methodology to teach ethics to public health students. Health Promotion
Practice, 5, 151-159.
Kamtsiou, V., Koskinen, T., Naeve, A., Pappa, D., & Stergioulas, L. (2006). A
glimpse at the future of technology enhanced-professional learning: Trends,
scenarios and visions. In European Networking and Learning for the Future,
Eden conference.
Wishart , J. (2013) Ethical Issues in Mobile Learning: scenarios to aid research
planning. Available at http://www.iamlearn.org/ethical-issues-mobile-
learning/research-planning
Traxler, J. & Wishart, J. (2011) Making Mobile Learning Work: Case Studies of
Practice, Bristol: ESCalate: HEA Subject Centre for Education. Available
at http://escalate.ac.uk/downloads/8250.pdf