ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
IPM In Tomatoes Peas Beans Asparagus Afvga2010
1. IPM in Tomatoes, BEANS & Peas, ASPARAGUS Dr. Ayanava Majumdar Ext. Entomologist, State SARE Coordinator Gulf Coast Research & Ext. Center 8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope AL 36532 Tel: (251) 331-8416 bugdoctor@auburn.edu
2. Presentation layout Status of IPM in vegetables (AL) General listing of insect pests: Pest ID Insect monitoring/forecasting program Insecticidal recommendations* Non-insecticidal management of insects New insecticidal mode of action Extension resources in Alabama
17. What is it? Monitoring/scouting techniques: Sample ten plants in several locations Yellow sticky traps at edge of field Like cool, dry weather Watch for ants and lady beetles ET = 50% leaves with aphids Potato aphid, Macrosiphumeuphorbiae Green peach aphid, Myzuspersicae
18. What is it? Monitoring/scouting techniques: Use sticky cards (yellow, blue) Bag and shake technique No action threshold Use resistant varieties (BHN 444, 589, 640, Bella Rosa) Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca
19. What is it? Monitoring/scouting techniques: Monitor level of defoliation Sample small plants with sweep net during morning hours Observe activity of parasitoids, predators (sweep net) ET = 5-10% defoliation early season, 25-30% defoliation mid-season Flea beetles (tobacco-Epitrixhertipennis, pale striped, etc.)
20. What is it? Monitoring/scouting techniques: Start looking on border rows Scout intensely short crop (<6 inch) Estimate no. of insects on 10 plants ET = 5 beetles per 10 seedling or 10% defoliation in short crop Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsadecemlineata Larva of lady beetle (beneficial insect!)
21. What is it? Monitoring/scouting techniques: Examine green fruit, stem terminals Scout for egg masses or larvae Use pheromone traps to detect first flight; ET = 5-10 moths per night when temp. is <85F ET is ½ if temp. is >85F Threat is high if one fruit each plant is damaged Tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpazea Tobacco budworm, Heliothisvirescens
22. Corn earworm Insect density (overall) per site 6 3 17 Monthly average activity (statewide) 10 8 25 3 7 12 5 8 16 11 Year 2009
23. Tobacco budworm Insect density (overall) per site 3 3 Monthly average activity (statewide) 2 1 7 6 20 3 6 15 3 Year 2009
24. What is it? Monitoring/scouting techniques: Minor foliar pest (ET = 5 larvae per 10 plants) Easy to collect & identify – shake and collect Watch for sun scald on fruits, esp. 20% defoliation Look for fecal pellets on leaves Cabbage looper, Trichoplusiani Soybean looper, Pseudoplusiaincludens
27. What is it? Southern green stink bug, Nezaraviridula Monitoring/scouting techniques: Know the good species (next slide) Use a sweep net Use pheromone trap (expensive?) Intensify scouting at fruit setting ET = 0.25 bugs per 10 plants (green fruit stage) Green stink bug, Acrosternumhilare Brown stink bug, Euschistusservus
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29. Abundant in orchards, thick crop canopies, weedy borders
31. Watch numbers: a sudden increase may indicated pest presenceSB feeding on armyworm Podisusmaculiventris Euthyrhynchusfloridanus Alcaeorrhynchusgrandis Source: R. Mizell, UFL Extension. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in534
33. International experience India is a major producer of beans in the world. A farm family sorts extra-long green beans in India before sale in market.
34. Uniqueness of Pea/Bean plants Produce abundant foliage (30% leaf loss prior to bloom is OK) Rapid growing, profusely flowering…attracts many insects
35. What is it? Monitoring/scouting techniques: Sample ten plants in several locations Yellow sticky traps at edge of field Like cool, dry weather ET = 50% leaves with aphids Potato aphid, Macrosiphumeuphorbiae Green peach aphid, Myzuspersicae
36. What is it? Monitoring/scouting techniques: Use sticky cards (yellow, blue) Bag and shake technique No action threshold Use resistant varieties Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca
37. What is it? Monitoring/scouting techniques: Late planted crop in dry areas!! Uproot the plant and look near the soil line Look for silken tubes near entrance hole in stem Use pheromone traps (strongly recommended) Our finding: very high moth activity throughout the southern and central counties Lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpuslignosellus
38. Why early detection of pests is useful? Lesser cornstalk borer in many crops (Clarke, Washington, Escambia Co., Henry Counties)
39. Lesser cornstalk borer Insect density (overall) per site Monthly average activity (statewide) 142 119 76 46 77 116 143 Year 2009
40. What is it? Mexican bean beetle, Epilachnavarivestis Monitoring/scouting techniques: Extensive defoliation (ladder form) Look for yellow to orange clusters of eggs Intensify scouting during June-July
41. What is it? Pod damage on soybean Bean leaf beetle, Cerotomatrifurcata Monitoring/scouting techniques: Beetles appear in red or yellow, use sweep net Watch for damage on pods Round holes on leaves, root damage by larvae
42. What is it? Monitoring/scouting techniques: Minor foliar pest (ET = 5 larvae per 10 plants) Easy to collect & identify – shake and collect Watch for sun scald on fruits, esp. 20% defoliation Look for fecal pellets on leaves Cabbage looper, Trichoplusiani Soybean looper, Pseudoplusiaincludens
43. What is it? Monitoring/scouting techniques: Very destructive on peas (pod damage) Check field edges, shelter belts Difficult to control insect – timely detection vital Cowpea curculio, Chalcodermusaeneus
44. What is it? Southern green stink bug, Nezaraviridula Monitoring/scouting techniques: Direct pod damage – leaves a scar on pods/seed Watch for aborted flowers due to injected toxins Use a sweep net to estimate populations (ten swings) ET = 1 per six feet row (South Carolina) Lygus bug, Lyguslineolaris
45. Insect pests of Asparagus Beet armyworm, Spodopteraexigua Common asparagus beetle, Criocerisasparagi Asparagus aphid, Brachycorynellaasparagi Fall armyworm, Spodopterafrugiperda
47. Beet armyworm Insect density (overall) per site 4 Monthly average activity (statewide) 10 27 21 19 33 25 25 8 49 36 Year 2009
48. Fall armyworm Insect density (overall) per site 20 17 Monthly average activity (statewide) 19 29 15 27 32 16 12 13 48 36 Year 2009
49. Diagnosis of A Pest Problem Five steps to be a smart scout Step 1. Define the problem (ecosystem approach) Step 2. Look for patterns (early detection) Step 3. Use recommended scouting procedures (econ. threshold) Step 4. Monitor problem development (sample frequently) Step 5. Determine causes of injury , insect identification
There were at least two generations detected one month apart of BAW in north central AL. Three peaks could be detected one month apart in south AL along the Gulf Coast. Trends were unclear in northern AL.
Trends in FAW population were stronger than BAW seen before. FAW pressures were high in all parts of AL. There were at least two generations detected one month apart of FAW in north central AL. Three peaks could be detected one month apart in south AL along the Gulf Coast. Impact of weather parameters was also stronger on FAW populations than BAW.