1. A pre-assessment was given to two fifth grade inclusion classrooms to determine students' skill levels in vocabulary and reading comprehension. 2. The data was analyzed and deficits were identified in specific skills like context clues, main idea, and character analysis. 3. Targeted small group instruction was provided to address the deficits. 4. A post-assessment showed overall improvement in skills, though inclusion students demonstrated less growth than non-inclusion peers.

1. Responsive Action Research Assessing ELA Skill Development of Fifth Grade Students

5. Pre-Assessment Data Collected Class 1-Vocabulary Skills

20. Pre-Assessment Data Collected Class 1-Comprehension Skills

35. Whole Class Totals-Frequency of Number Wrong Per Question-Vocabulary Section

36. Whole Class Totals-Frequency of Number Wrong Per Question-Comprehension Section

37. Class Comparison-Inclusion vs. Non-Inclusion Frequency of Missed Questions-Vocabulary Section

38. Class Comparison-Inclusion vs. Non-Inclusion Frequency of Missed Questions-Comprehension Section

39. Data Analysis: Vocabulary Section Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Context Clues 1-5 64/75 85% Multiple-Meaning Words 6-8 34/45 76% Synonyms & Antonyms 9-12 41/60 68% Prefixes & Suffixes 13-16 47/60 78% Root Words 17-20 39/60 65%

40. Data Analysis: Comprehension Section Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Analyze Character & Setting 1, 4 14/30 47% Make Inferences 7, 12 23/30 77% Main Idea & Supporting Details 8, 9 25/30 83% Sequence of Events 2, 3 21/30 70% Cause & Effect 5, 11 19/30 63% Evaluate Author’s Purpose, Point of View 10, 13 13/30 43% Compare & Contrast 6, 15 21/30 70% Distinguish Between Fact & Opinion 14, 16 22/30 73%

41. Data Analysis: Inclusion Vocabulary Section Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Context Clues 1-5 27/30 90% Multiple-Meaning Words 6-8 14/18 78% Synonyms & Antonyms 9-12 17/24 71% Prefixes & Suffixes 13-16 16/24 67% Root Words 17-20 15/24 63%

42. Data Analysis: Inclusion Comprehension Section Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Analyze Character & Setting 1, 4 4/12 33% Make Inferences 7, 12 3/12 25% Main Idea & Supporting Details 8, 9 10/12 83% Sequence of Events 2, 3 6/12 50% Cause & Effect 5, 11 5/12 42% Evaluate Author’s Purpose, Point of View 10, 13 4/12 33% Compare & Contrast 6, 15 6/12 50% Distinguish Between Fact & Opinion 14, 16 67%

43. Data Analysis: Non-Inclusion Vocabulary Section Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Context Clues 1-5 37/45 82% Multiple-Meaning Words 6-8 24/27 89% Synonyms & Antonyms 9-12 26/36 72% Prefixes & Suffixes 13-16 31/36 86% Root Words 17-20 67%

44. Data Analysis: Non-Inclusion Comprehension Section Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Analyze Character & Setting 1, 4 10/18 56% Make Inferences 7, 12 14/18 78% Main Idea & Supporting Details 8, 9 15/18 83% Sequence of Events 2, 3 15/18 83% Cause & Effect 5, 11 14/18 78% Evaluate Author’s Purpose, Point of View 10, 13 9/18 50% Compare & Contrast 6, 15 12/18 67% Distinguish Between Fact & Opinion 14, 16 13/18 72%

46. Pre-Assessment Data Collected Class 2-Vocabulary Skills

60. Pre-Assessment Data Collected Class 2-Comprehension Skills

78. Data Analysis: Vocabulary Section Class 2 – Whole Group Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Context Clues 1-5 58/70 83% Multiple-Meaning Words 6-8 30/42 71% Synonyms & Antonyms 9-12 38/56 68% Prefixes & Suffixes 13-16 43/56 77% Root Words 17-20 40/56 71%

79. Data Analysis: Comprehension Section Class 2 – Whole Group Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Analyze Character & Setting 1, 4 17/28 61% Make Inferences 7, 12 17/28 61% Main Idea & Supporting Details 8, 9 16/28 57% Sequence of Events 2, 3 20/28 71% Cause & Effect 5, 11 17/28 61% Evaluate Author’s Purpose, Point of View 10, 13 14/28 50% Compare & Contrast 6, 15 18/28 64% Distinguish Between Fact & Opinion 14, 16 18/28 64%

80. Data Analysis- Vocabulary Section Inclusion Results - Group 2 Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Context Clues 1-5 18/25 72% Multiple-Meaning Words 6-8 11/15 73% Synonyms & Antonyms 9-12 11/20 55% Prefixes & Suffixes 13-16 11/20 55% Root Words 17-20 10/20 50%

81. Data Analysis- Comprehension Section-Group 2 - Inclusion Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Analyze Character & Setting 1, 4 6/10 60% Make Inferences 7, 12 5/10 50% Main Idea & Supporting Details 8, 9 5/10 50% Sequence of Events 2, 3 6/10 60% Cause & Effect 5, 11 4/10 40% Evaluate Author’s Purpose, Point of View 10, 13 4/10 40% Compare & Contrast 6, 15 5/10 50% Distinguish Between Fact & Opinion 14, 16 6/10 60%

82. Data Analysis- Vocabulary Section Group 2 – Non-Inclusion Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Context Clues 1-5 40/45 89% Multiple-Meaning Words 6-8 19/27 70% Synonyms & Antonyms 9-12 26/36 72% Prefixes & Suffixes 13-16 32/36 89% Root Words 17-20 30/36 83%

83. Data Analysis- Comprehension Section Group 2- Non-Inclusion Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Analyze Character & Setting 1, 4 11/18 61% Make Inferences 7, 12 12/18 67% Main Idea & Supporting Details 8, 9 11/18 61% Sequence of Events 2, 3 14/18 78% Cause & Effect 5, 11 14/18 78% Evaluate Author’s Purpose, Point of View 10, 13 8/18 44% Compare & Contrast 6, 15 15/18 83% Distinguish Between Fact & Opinion 14, 16 13/18 72%

86. Post-Assessment Data Collected Class 1-Vocabulary Skills

102. Post-Assessment Data Collected Class 1-Comprehension Skills

118. Frequency Post-Assessment Group 1

119. Pre-Post Frequency Whole Group Vocabulary Section

120. Frequency-Whole Group Comprehension Group 1

121. Pre-Post Frequency Whole Group Comprehension Group 1

124. Pre-Post Comparison Vocabulary Section Group1

139. Pre-Post Comparison Comprehension Section Group 1

155. Post Test Analysis Whole Group-Group 1 Vocabulary Section Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Context Clues 1-5 69/80 86% Multiple-Meaning Words 6-8 45/48 94% Synonyms & Antonyms 9-12 41/64 64% Prefixes & Suffixes 13-16 54/64 84% Root Words 17-20 42/64 66%

156. Post-Assessment Whole Group Comprehension Section Group 1 Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Analyze Character & Setting 1, 4 25/32 78% Make Inferences 7, 12 23/32 72% Main Idea & Supporting Details 8, 9 27/32 84% Sequence of Events 2, 3 29/32 91% Cause & Effect 5, 11 25/32 78% Evaluate Author’s Purpose, Point of View 10, 13 21/32 66% Compare & Contrast 6, 15 21/32 66% Distinguish Between Fact & Opinion 14, 16 24/32 75%

157. Post Assessment – Vocabulary Section Inclusion Students Group1 Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Context Clues 1-5 35/35 100% Multiple-Meaning Words 6-8 19/21 90% Synonyms & Antonyms 9-12 16/28 57% Prefixes & Suffixes 13-16 21/28 75% Root Words 17-20 13/28 46%

158. Post Assessment – Comprehension Section Inclusion Students Group 1 Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Analyze Character & Setting 1, 4 9/14 64% Make Inferences 7, 12 9/14 64% Main Idea & Supporting Details 8, 9 9/14 64% Sequence of Events 2, 3 11/14 79% Cause & Effect 5, 11 7/14 50% Evaluate Author’s Purpose, Point of View 10, 13 8/14 57% Compare & Contrast 6, 15 6/14 43% Distinguish Between Fact & Opinion 14, 16 7/14 50%

159. Post Assessment Vocabulary Section- Non-Inclusion Group1 Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Context Clues 1-5 40/45 89% Multiple-Meaning Words 6-8 26/27 96% Synonyms & Antonyms 9-12 25/36 69% Prefixes & Suffixes 13-16 35/36 97% Root Words 17-20 25/36 69%

160. Post-Assessment Comprehension Section Non-Inclusion Group1 Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Analyze Character & Setting 1, 4 16/18 89% Make Inferences 7, 12 14/18 78% Main Idea & Supporting Details 8, 9 18/18 100% Sequence of Events 2, 3 18/18 100% Cause & Effect 5, 11 18/18 100% Evaluate Author’s Purpose, Point of View 10, 13 13/18 72% Compare & Contrast 6, 15 14/18 78% Distinguish Between Fact & Opinion 14, 16 17/18 94%

161. Whole Group Comparison Pre Vs. Post Assessment Vocabulary Section Group1 Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 85% 76% 68% 78% 65% Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 86% 94% 64% 84% 66%

162. Whole Group Comparison Pre Vs. Post Assessment Comprehension Section Group 1 Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 47% 77% 83% 70% 63% 43% 70% 73% Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 78% 72% 84% 91% 78% 66% 66% 75%

163. Pre Vs. Post Inclusion Vocabulary Section Group 1 Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 90% 78% 71% 67% 63% Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 100% 90% 57% 75% 46%

164. Pre Vs. Post Inclusion Comprehension Section Group1 Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 33% 25% 83% 50% 42% 33% 50% 67% Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 64% 64% 64% 79% 50% 57% 43% 50%

165. Pre Vs. Post Non-Inclusion Vocabulary Section Group 1 Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 82% 89% 72% 86% 67% Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 89% 96% 69% 97% 69%

166. Pre Vs. Post Non-Inclusion Comprehension Section Group 1 Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 56% 78% 83% 83% 78% 50% 67% 72% Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 89% 78% 100% 100% 100% 72% 78% 94%

167. Post-Assessment Data Collected Class 2-Vocabulary Skills

182. Pre-Post Assessment Comparison Group 2 Vocabulary Section

195. Post-Assessment Data Collected Class 2-Comprehension Skills

210. Pre-Post Comparison Comprehension Section Group 2

223. Frequency Post-Assessment Group 2

224. Pre-Post Comparison Whole Class Vocabulary Skills Group 2

225. Frequency Vocabulary Skills-Inclusion Group 2

226. Pre-Post Comparison Vocabulary Section-Inclusion Group 2

227. Frequency Post Assessment Comprehension Skills-Inclusion Group2

228. Pre-Post Comparison Comprehension Section- Inclusion Group 2

229. Frequency Post-Comprehension Skills Non-Inclusion Group 2

230. Pre-Post Comparison Comprehension Section-Non-Inclusion Group 2

231. Post-Assessment Whole Group Analysis Group 2- Vocabulary Skills Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Context Clues 1-5 65/70 93% Multiple-Meaning Words 6-8 33/56 59% Synonyms & Antonyms 9-12 36/56 64% Prefixes & Suffixes 13-16 43/56 77% Root Words 17-20 40/56 71%

232. Post-Assessment Whole Group Comprehension Skills- Group 2 Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Analyze Character & Setting 1, 4 15/28 54% Make Inferences 7, 12 21/28 75% Main Idea & Supporting Details 8, 9 19/28 68% Sequence of Events 2, 3 19/28 68% Cause & Effect 5, 11 17/28 61% Evaluate Author’s Purpose, Point of View 10, 13 14/28 50% Compare & Contrast 6, 15 18/28 64% Distinguish Between Fact & Opinion 14, 16 22/28 82%

233. Data Analysis-Inclusion Students Group 2- Vocabulary Section Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Context Clues 1-5 27/30 90% Multiple-Meaning Words 6-8 12/18 67% Synonyms & Antonyms 9-12 12/24 50% Prefixes & Suffixes 13-16 15/24 63% Root Words 17-20 17/24 71%

234. Data Analysis-Inclusion Students Group 2- Comprehension Section Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Analyze Character & Setting 1, 4 5/12 42% Make Inferences 7, 12 8/12 67% Main Idea & Supporting Details 8, 9 9/12 75% Sequence of Events 2, 3 6/12 50% Cause & Effect 5, 11 6/12 50% Evaluate Author’s Purpose, Point of View 10, 13 6/12 50% Compare & Contrast 6, 15 8/12 67% Distinguish Between Fact & Opinion 14, 16 9/12 75%

235. Data Analysis-Non- Inclusion Students Group 2- Vocabulary Section Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Context Clues 1-5 43/45 96% Multiple-Meaning Words 6-8 24/27 89% Synonyms & Antonyms 9-12 28/36 78% Prefixes & Suffixes 13-16 27/36 75% Root Words 17-20 27/36 75%

236. Data Analysis-Non- Inclusion Students Group 2- Comprehension Section Content Skill Question #’s That Correspond with Target Skill Totals Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy Analyze Character & Setting 1, 4 12/18 67% Make Inferences 7, 12 15/18 83% Main Idea & Supporting Details 8, 9 12/18 67% Sequence of Events 2, 3 15/18 83% Cause & Effect 5, 11 13/18 72% Evaluate Author’s Purpose, Point of View 10, 13 10/18 56% Compare & Contrast 6, 15 12/18 67% Distinguish Between Fact & Opinion 14, 16 16/18 89%

237. Pre-Post Comparison Whole Group 2 Data Analysis Vocabulary Section Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 93% 59% 64% 77% 71% Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 83% 71% 68% 77% 71%

238. Pre-Post Comparison Whole Group 2 Data Analysis Comprehension Section Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 54% 75% 68% 68% 61% 50% 64% 82% Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 61% 61% 57% 71% 61% 50% 64% 64%

239. Pre-Post Comparison Inclusion Group 2 Data Analysis Vocabulary Section Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 90% 67% 50% 63% 71% Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 72% 73% 55% 55% 50%

240. Pre-Post Comparison Inclusion Group 2 Data Analysis Comprehension Section Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 60% 50% 50% 60% 40% 40% 50% 60% Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 42% 67% 75% 50% 50% 50% 67% 75%

241. Pre-Post Comparison Non-Inclusion Group 2 Data Analysis Vocabulary Section Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 89% 70% 72% 89% 83% Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 96% 89% 78% 75% 75%

242. Pre-Post Comparison Non-Inclusion Group 2 Data Analysis Comprehension Section Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 61% 67% 61% 78% 78% 44% 83% 72% Whole Group Percentage of Accuracy 67% 83% 67% 83% 72% 56% 67% 89%