1. PARTS OF SPEECHPARTS OF SPEECH
“Education is a progressive discovery
of our own ignorance. “
Will Durant
1 May 2013
"There is no education like adversity."
Disraeli, Endymion
By Haslinda Midy
2. 1 May 2013
haslinda
This presentation provides a very
basic introduction to the concept of
parts of speech in language.
Actually, the study of parts of
speech can be quite complicated
and involved, but the purpose of
this presentation is to give the
students a working vocabulary and
a way to improve their grasp of
grammar.
My Way ………………
3. 1 May 2013
haslinda
There are nine parts of speech . . .
1)Nouns
2)Verbs
3)Pronouns
4)Adjectives
5)Adverbs
6)Conjunctions
7)Articles
8)Prepositions
9)Interjections
It is important to
understand that
every word in a
sentence has a job
to do, a role in the
sentence.
4. 1 - NOUN1 - NOUN
A noun is a type of word that represents a person, thing,A noun is a type of word that represents a person, thing,
place or quality.place or quality.
For examples:For examples:
1 May 2013
haslinda
Person ~ Mr. Kamarul likes to eat
spinach.
Place ~ Mission is an old town.
Thing ~ To cook, you need a couple of
pots.
Quality ~ Honesty is a great value to
possess.
5. 2 - VERB2 - VERB
A verb is a type of word that describes an action or a stateA verb is a type of word that describes an action or a state
of being, like of being, like talktalk, , walkwalk, , runrun, , jumpjump, , bebe, , dodo, , havehave, or , or thinkthink..
There are two types of verbs : regular & irregularThere are two types of verbs : regular & irregular
1 May 2013
haslinda
Regular verbs are those whose past
tense (for example, "I looked") and past
participle (for example, "I had looked") are
formed by following the standard rule:
adding a "d" or an "ed" to the end of the
verb (sometimes a final consonant is
doubled, and if there is a y at the end of
the word after a consonant, it changes to
an "ied”.Verb Past Tense Past Participle
I walk You walked They had walked
I plan She planned They have planned
I carry He carried They have carried
6. Irregular verbs are those whose past
tense (for example, "I rode") and past
participle (for example, "I had ridden")
have forms that do not follow the standard
rules. There are many irregular verbs (over
250) in English, including be, break, bring,
come, eat, go, meet, run, swim, and many
more. The chart below are some examples
of irregular verbs.
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haslinda
Verb Past Tense
Past Participle
(had)
be was / were been
break broke broken
bring brought brought
come came come
eat ate eaten
go went gone
meet met met
build built built
buy bought bought
choose chose chosen
swim swam swam
7. 3 - PRONOUN3 - PRONOUN
A pronoun is a substitute for a noun. Some pronounA pronoun is a substitute for a noun. Some pronoun
are: are: II, , meme, , sheshe, , hehe, , herher, , himhim, , itit, , youyou, , theythey, and , and themthem. .
1 May 2013
haslinda
PRONOUN
S
Pronoun
as Subject
Pronoun
as Object
Pronoun
as
Possessive
Adjective
Possessive
Pronoun
Reflexive
Pronoun
1st Person
Singular
I me my mine myself
2nd Person
Singular
you you your yours yourself
3rd Person
Singular
he
she
it
him
her
it
his
her
its
his
hers
its
himself
herself
itself
1st Person
Plural
we us our ours ourselves
2nd Person
Plural
you you your yours yourselves
3rd Person
Plural
they them their theirs themselves
8. 4 - ADJECTIVE4 - ADJECTIVE
An adjective is a word that describes, identifies,An adjective is a word that describes, identifies,
modifies, or quantifies something (a noun or amodifies, or quantifies something (a noun or a
pronoun). In the phrase, "pronoun). In the phrase, "the black catthe black cat" the word" the word
blackblack is an adjective because it describes the cat.is an adjective because it describes the cat.
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haslinda
Adjectives can be classified into many
categories. Adjectives are generally
used in the order:
quantity-->opinion-->size-->age--
>shape-->colour-->origin--
>material-->purpose.
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haslinda
QUANTIT
Y
OPINION SIZE AGE SHAPE COLOUR ORIGIN
MATERIA
L
PURPOS
E
NOUN
five huge young black Canadian bears
battered old shapeless gray cotton work pants
many magnificent antique British reference books
one studious teenaged American boy
few shiny round blue Indian gems
many well-made tiny elongated brown wooden fishing boats
several cheap large purple polyester sleeping bags
Example of the Sequence of Multiple Adjectives in
Chart Form:
11. 5 - ADVERB5 - ADVERB
An adverb is a word that describes an action, tellingAn adverb is a word that describes an action, telling
"how," "when," "where," "how often," or "how much" an"how," "when," "where," "how often," or "how much" an
action took place. In the phrase "action took place. In the phrase "the cat ate hungrilythe cat ate hungrily,","
hungrily is an adverb since it describes how the cat ate.hungrily is an adverb since it describes how the cat ate.
Adverbs often end in ‘ly’. Some adverbsAdverbs often end in ‘ly’. Some adverbs
are: are: easilyeasily, , warmlywarmly, , quicklyquickly, , mainlymainly, , freelyfreely, ,
oftenoften, and , and unfortunatelyunfortunately..
For examples:For examples:
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haslinda
manner Described ‘how’ something happens, e.g. beautifully, terribly, quietly
place Described ‘where’ something happens, e.g. here, there, everywhere
time Described ‘how long’ or ‘when’ something happens, e.g. before, after
frequency Described ‘how often’ something happens, e.g. sometimes, often
degree Described to ‘what’ degree something happens, e.g. almost, nearly
certainty Described how probable it is that something will happen, e.g. definitely,
probably
12. 6 - CONJUNCTION6 - CONJUNCTION
A conjunction is a word that joins other words, phrases,A conjunction is a word that joins other words, phrases,
clauses or sentences. Some conjunctions are: clauses or sentences. Some conjunctions are:
andand, , asas, , becausebecause, , butbut, , oror, , neither/norneither/nor, , forfor, , sincesince, , soso, ,
untiluntil, , yetyet, and , and while.while.
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haslinda
Words
to
words
Most children like cookies and milk.
Phrases
to
phrases
The gold is hidden at the beach or by the
lakeside.
Clauses
to
clauses
What you say and what you do are two
different things.
Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one
another:
words to words, phrases to phrases, clauses to
clauses.
13. 7 - ARTICLES7 - ARTICLES
An article is a word that introduces a noun or a nounAn article is a word that introduces a noun or a noun
phrase, and also limits or clarifies it. In English, thephrase, and also limits or clarifies it. In English, the
indefinite articles are indefinite articles are aa and and anan while the definite articlewhile the definite article
is is thethe..
For examples:For examples:
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haslinda
a Use for countable nouns which start with consonant
letters, e.g. a boy, a cat, a duck
an Use for countable nouns which start with vowel
letters, e.g. an aeroplane, an egg, an octopus
the - Use for uncountable nouns when you are talking
about a particular example of that thing
- Use for countable nouns the second and
subsequent times you use the noun, or when the
listener already knows what you are referring to
(maybe because there is only one of that thing)
14. 8 - PREPOSITION8 - PREPOSITION
A preposition is a word that shows the spatialA preposition is a word that shows the spatial
(space), temporal (time), or logical relationship of(space), temporal (time), or logical relationship of
its object to the rest of the sentence.its object to the rest of the sentence.
For examples: For examples:
aboveabove, , afterafter, , againstagainst, , asas, , atat, , beneathbeneath, , betweenbetween, behind,, behind,
byby, , duringduring,, exceptexcept, , forfor fromfrom, , inin, , intointo, , likelike, , nearnear, , onon, ,
overover, , pastpast, , sincesince, , underunder, , uponupon,, with.with.
The cat is on the table.The cat is on the table.
The dog is under the table.The dog is under the table.
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haslinda
15. 9 - INTERJECTION9 - INTERJECTION
An interjection is a word that expresses emotionAn interjection is a word that expresses emotion
as an interruption or an aside. In other words,as an interruption or an aside. In other words,
they are words or phrases used to exclaim orthey are words or phrases used to exclaim or
protest or command.protest or command.
An interjection often starts a sentence but it canAn interjection often starts a sentence but it can
be contained within the sentence or can standbe contained within the sentence or can stand
alone.alone.
Some interjections are: Some interjections are:
ahah, , ahaaha, , alasalas,, awaw, , ayay, , bahbah, , eheh, , hurrayhurray, , manman, , ohoh
1. Hey! Get off that floor!1. Hey! Get off that floor!
2. Oh, that is a surprise.2. Oh, that is a surprise.
3. Ah! Don't say you agree with me.3. Ah! Don't say you agree with me. 1 May 2013
haslinda
16. Identify each word in the following sentence.
haslinda
1 May 2013
The beautiful queen was
walking slowly on the
cool lawn, and she was
reading a long book
about knights and kings
which she enjoyed.
17. haslinda
1 May 2013
The beautiful queen was walking slowly
article adjective noun verb verb adverb
on the cool lawn, and she was
preposition article adjective noun conjunction pronoun verb
reading a long book about knights and
verb article adjective noun preposition noun
conjunction
kings which she enjoyed.
noun preposition pronoun verb
