Chapter 5 from the book Theory and Practice of Online Learning

1. Chapter 5
Technologies Of Online
Learning (E-learning)

2. There are five main elements in a complete multimedia system.

3. STANDARD FILE FORMATS
Each of the five elements mentioned has various standard file formats. file format
is a particular way to store information in a computer.
The formats will allow you to make decisions of the type of text, graphic, audio,
video and animation to use when developing your own multimedia program.

4. INTERNET BASED MULTIMEDIA

5. CD-BASED MULTIMEDIA

7. STREAMING MULTIMEDIA
An internet data
transfer method
that facilitate the
transfer of audio
and video files
from computer to
computer in a
“stream.”

9. Streaming Audio Streaming Video
 Audio was the 1st type of  Video files are much larger than
multimedia to be delivered over audio files, and video combined
the internet in a streaming with audio is more larger.
format.
 Recording video and saving it in an
 Different programs are available electronic format is more
for receiving streaming audio, demanding on hardware and
each with its own media format. software, that’s why it is harder to
find educational applications for
 Example of audio media format streaming on the web.
are *.wav, *.midi, *.aif, *.aiff,
*.au, *.wma.  Example of audio media format
are *.avi, *.mov, *.mpeg, *.wmv.

10. Push Technologies and Data Channels
o There are a lot of new technologies that try to address the link between
existing media, with their synchronous broadcasting of news, weather,
and sports, and the asynchronous nature of Web publishing.
o Web content that is formatted for channel-based delivery is pushed
directly to the end-user's desktop.
o Channels can be chosen, modified, or created from scratch.

11. Audio Chat and Voice over Internet Protocol
o Point-to-point audio connections can
be made between almost any two
computers on the Internet,
o Some Internet service providers (ISPs)
and online services are offering free
Internet-based long-distance service
that connects individuals calling
through a personal computer to the
public telephone system.
o Teacher and student communication
can be enhanced by the opportunity to
speak to one another to discuss an
assignment without the expense of
long-distance tolls.

12. Web Whiteboarding
o Web whiteboarding is a form of graphic
conferencing used in combination with VoIP
that support real-time collaboration.
o Whiteboarding emulates writing or drawing on
a blackboard.
o With a whiteboard, both teachers and learners
can create, manipulate, review, and update
graphical information online in real time while
participating in a lecture or discussion.
o Users can annotate by writing; cutting and
pasting; or clicking, dragging, and dropping.
o Contents can be saved and used in future
presentations.

13. Web Whiteboarding

14. Instant Messaging
o It allows short messages to be sent
electronically from computer to computer.
o As in e-mail, the messages are stored on a
central server until the recipient collects them.
o ICQ is only one of a growing number of instant
messenger services that have appeared online
in the last three years. Other than ICQ, users
can choose from MSN Messenger (from
Microsoft), AIM (AOL Instant Messenger), and
other similar applications.
o Instant messaging is not yet used as an
efficient content-delivery teaching tool.

15. Hand-held and Wireless Technologies
o Mobile computing are being chosen over desktop and even laptop
computers, not only as the preferred Internet access tool, but also
for common computing applications, such as word processing and
spreadsheets.
o These devices are telephones, tablets, e-books, and Web pads,
and are now including a Web browser, an instant messenger, and
an e-mailer, along with other features.

16. Peer-to-Peer File Sharing
o Peer-to-peer applications allow users to share any kind of file with a
limitless population of other Internet users.
o Of all the P2P(peer-to-peer) applications, Napster has become the
most well-known, because of its focus on facilitating the distribution
and sharing of files, and especially copyright-protected media,
mainly music files encoded in the MP3 format.
o Research and other materials could easily be offered online and
offering the student or teacher a wealth of knowledge that might not
otherwise be available.

18. Learning Objects
o Learning objects are more highly developed, consisting of discrete
lessons, learning module, or courses.
o Learning objects are discrete items that can be integrated into
lessons; for example, a text, graphic, audio, video, or interactive
file.
o They could then be
made available in online
databases in the form of
animations, videos,
simulations, educational
games, and multimedia
texts.