1. A Primer of
English Grammar
Part One
By
Ali Abdel Aziz Ismael
Mohamed Abdel Aatty
Revised by
M.M. Enani
١١٣
English Grammar Part ١
(١)

2. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
Revised Edition
Copyrights
١٩٩٨, ٢٠٠٥.
٢ __________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Table of Contents
OUTLINE OF THE COURSE ........................................................................................... ٥
GENERAL AIMS OF THE COURSE ................................................................................ ٧
HOW TO STUDY .......................................................................................................... ٨
THE ASSESSMENT GUIDE .........................................................................................١٠
UNIT (١) PARTS OF SPEECH AND WORD ORDER . ١١
١. Parts of Speech: ........................................................................ ١١
٣. Prerequisites of the constituents of a simple sentence: ........... ١٣
A) The Subject: ........................................................................................................... ١٤
B) The Verb:................................................................................................................ ١٥
C) The Complement:................................................................................................... ١٥
Exercises: ...................................................................................... ٢٤
UNIT (٢) THE TENSES .....................................................٢٩
MAJOR TENSES IN ENGLISH .....................................................................................٢٩
١. Simple Tenses.......................................................................... ٣٠
Present Simple .............................................................................................................. ٣٠
Past Simple ................................................................................................................... ٣٤
Future Simple................................................................................................................ ٣٥
٢. Continuous or progressive...................................................... ٣٨
Present Continuous ....................................................................................................... ٣٨
Past Continuous ............................................................................................................ ٤١
Future Continuous......................................................................................................... ٤١
٣. Perfect Tenses. ........................................................................ ٤٢
Present Perfect .............................................................................................................. ٤٢
Past Perfect ................................................................................................................... ٤٣
Future Perfect................................................................................................................ ٤٤
٤. Perfect Continuous Tenses. .................................................... ٤٥
Present Perfect Continuous ........................................................................................... ٤٥
Past Perfect Continuous ................................................................................................ ٤٦
Future Perfect Continuous ............................................................................................ ٤٦
Exercises: ...................................................................................... ٤٧
UNIT (٣) THE PASSIVE VOICE......................................٨٧
__________________________________________________________________
٣

4. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
Guide to forming the passive:....................................................... ٨٩
Passive of Modal Verb Phrases:................................................... ٩٠
Passive of Infinitives and Gerunds: ............................................. ٩٠
Transitive vs Intransitive .............................................................. ٩١
Exercises: ...................................................................................... ٩٢
UNIT (٤) SENTENCE STRUCTURE............................ ١٠٥
١. Simple Sentences: .................................................................. ١٠٦
٢. Compound Sentences: ........................................................... ١٠٧
٣. Complex Sentences: ............................................................... ١١٠
Noun Clauses .............................................................................. ١١٢
Adjectival Clauses ....................................................................... ١١٣
Adverbial Clauses........................................................................ ١١٧
Connectors: ................................................................................. ١١٨
Clause linkers.............................................................................. ١٢٨
Sentence linkers .......................................................................... ١٣٣
Exercises: .................................................................................... ١٣٥
APPENDICES ...........................................................................................................١٤٨
(A) BRIEF NOTES ON ERRORS IN COMPLEX SENTENCES ........................................١٤٨
(B) GENERAL CHECKLIST OF LANGUAGE ERRORS COVERED THIS TERM (C)……...
١٥١ IRREGULAR VERB ...........................................................................................١٥٢
٤ __________________________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Outline of the Course
To the Learner:
This book is designed in such a way as to give you
courage and confidence in your first exposure to language at
the beginning of your career as a would-be translator. This
aim is achieved through the simplicity of the content,
organization of material and the minimization of the learn-off
by heart tasks that you have to carry out.
__________________________________________________________________
٥

6. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
The book includes four units. The first is devoted to
parts of speech and word order. The second deals with the
tenses. The third tackles the passive voice. Unit Four takes
up sentence structure dealing with the simple, the compound
and the complex together with all the connectors that are
involved in all types of sentences, clauses and phrases, in
addition to their semantic and syntactic differences. Only
major problems are introduced, others are left to the next
term.
The exercises begin by the easiest and move to the
more difficult, again to encourage you proceed with your
answering them confidently.
٦ __________________________________________________________________

7. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
General Aims of the Course
١. This book introduces you to the basic problems
of the structures of the different types of
sentences, essential to being able to read, write
and accordingly to translate them correctly.
٢. It aims to make you comfortable and confident
in dealing with the English language grammar
by setting most of the rules in clear, wellplanned tables at the end of each sub-module.
٣. It uses everyday, simple, examples to make
rules easily remembered and to make the book
suitable for its being a reference.
٤. It presents comprehensive exercises to cover all
points and check your understanding of the rules
and your ability to avoid making mistakes in
applying the rule to your writing or translation.
__________________________________________________________________
٧

8. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
How to Study
Dear learner
In order to help you make the best of your study, we
advise you to do the following:
Follow the explanation and examples and make sure that
you understand the meaning of the written material.
Use the video tape for more explanations and exercises.
At the end some sub-division, you will find a table that
sums up the grammatical rule with the most important
details.
Make sure that you are well acquainted with the
information. Wherever is required you have also to do some
learn-off by heart tasks that are minimized in this book.
Do not simply read the chapters and pencil in some
answerers, but rather copy out whole sentences. It is the
complete sentences that make up the language not the single
words, however many, or memorizing the rules.
٨ __________________________________________________________________

9. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
__________________________________________________________________
٩

10. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
The Assessment Guide
This guide helps you measure your progress.
Check your answers:
If you are able to answer ٧٥٪ of the exercises
correctly, you have successfully grasped this point —>
Good effort. ***
From ٧٥٪ to ٥٠٪: maybe you lost some of the points
and you need to quickly revise them to see what is wrong. **
From ٥٠٪ to below: Perhaps you were tired or you
are confused about many points. The best thing is that you
start working tomorrow and begin by viewing the video
again. I am sure the results will be better. *
Good Luck
١٠ __________________________________________________________________

11. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Unit (١)
Parts of Speech and Word Order
Contents Objectives of this Unit:
It includes three major parts that you have to grasp in full:
Parts of speech.
Word order: in simple sentences.
Prerequisites of Subject, Verb, and Complement.
١. Parts of Speech:
If you know the part of speech of the word you are
using, you can use it correctly and if you do not know the
part of speech of your word, look this up in a dictionary.
The parts of speech in English are:
Nouns:
boy, girl, happiness, reading, .....
Verbs:
play, go, .....
Pronouns:
he, she,..... [There are many types that will
be dealt with later] this, which, someone.
_________________________________________________________________
١١

12. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
Adjectives:
happy, nice.....
Adverbs:
tomorrow, quickly.....
Prepositions:
in, at, on.....
Articles:
the, a (definite and indefinite)
Conjunctions:
(Joining words or connectors of all types)
and,but, although, .....
٢. Word Order:
Word order in English, unlike some other languages, is
relatively fixed and the first step of mastering the English
language is to know the word order and the parts of speech.
The following is the word order in simple sentences:
First place
١
Subject
(The doer of
the verb)
Second place
٢
Verb
Third place
٣
Complement
(The rest of the
sentence)
He
plays
in the garden.
The boy
buys
books.
١٢ _________________________________________________________________

13. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
View the video-tape:
o
o
Follow the programme for reinforcing and explaining
this point. Do not begin answering the exercises before you
make sure that you fully understand the points and that you
are able to answer the question:
What are the major constituents of the simple
sentence?
٣. Prerequisites of the constituents of a simple sentence:
Subject
Verb
The war
Tourism
Conditions
Restoration
The Chinese space ship
stopped.
has flourished.
have changed.
continues.
landed.
Or
Subject
Verb
Object
Washington
The Chairman of the Board
The Iraqis
seeks
will address
demand
world support.
the first session.
sovereignty.
_________________________________________________________________
١٣

14. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
Or
Subject
Verb
Complement
The Parliament Speaker
Corruption
The Palestinians
travelled
Is
Fight for
abroad.
a major problem.
self-determination.
A) The Subject:
The subject is a noun, a pronoun or a noun phrase:
Nouns: boy, girl, garden, Washington, corruption, etc.
Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they {Subject Case}.
Noun phrases: a little boy, the Iraqis, the Parliament Speaker,
etc.
The noun phrase is a group of words (two or more) with a
noun as its head, e.g.:
article intensifier adjective Noun
A
A
A
very
Good
Good
boy
boy
boy
In all these examples,
all words serve to
modify, or describe,
the noun. The noun is
the most important
element, and so we
call it the head of the
noun phrase.
The modifier can also occur after the noun, e.g.:
article Noun prepositional phrase
The
boy
with a big nose
١٤ _________________________________________________________________

15. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
[preposition + noun phrase]
B) The Verb:
It comes in the ٢nd place of the sentence.
It changes according to time focus and its form changes to
show the time of the sentence. This form is called
tense.
He
I (always)
I
The little girl
Verb
Works
Take
have written
Hid
in a bank.
sugar in my tea.
seven essays so far.
her books yesterday.
C) The Complement:
This item includes many elements that can complete the
sentence. (You can choose one or more of these elements to
complete the meaning of your sentence).
١. Objects: (obligatory with transitive verbs only; [explained
later])
They can be nouns, pronouns or noun phrases.
My friends bought books.
Sarah also bought a book.
I’ve got an extremely good book.
I thanked him.
case]}
{noun}
{noun phrase}
{noun phrase}
{pronoun [object
To know the personal pronouns in the object case, compare:
_________________________________________________________________
١٥

16. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
Subject
Object
I
He
She
It
We
You
They
Me
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them
With the transitive verbs that take two objects there are two
kinds of objects: direct & indirect.
indirect O. direct O.
I gave my friend
a book.
Note:
There is another way to write this sentence with the use of
“to”:
{direct object indirect object}
I gave the book
to my friend.
٢. Adverbs and adverbial phrases
You can complete your sentence with one or more of the
following adverbials:
١. of time: yesterday, at ٦ o'clock, in the morning.
٢. of place: in the garden, here, there, at home.
١٦ _________________________________________________________________

17. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٣. of manner: [adjective + ly] quickly, slowly [irregular :
well, hard, fast]
٤. of purpose : to lose weight, to get more money.
٥. of direction : to the house, from the library.
٦. of frequency : every morning, every Tuesday.
Order of adverbs
• There are three positions of the place of adverb in the
simple sentence :
١. Initial position.
٢. Mid position.
٣. Final position.
However, you cannot place all the adverbs in the three
positions but there is a preferable position for each king of
adverb.
١. Adverbs of place usually take the end position:
Correct: Ali is sitting outside.
Incorrect: Outside Ali is sitting.
Other common adverbs of place include: inside, here, there.
٢. Adverbs of definite time usually take the beginning or end
position.
Correct: I went to my aerobics class yesterday.
Incorrect: I yesterday went to my aerobics class.
(Other common adverbs of definite time include: today,
tomorrow, now)
٣. Adverbs of indefinite time can take the initial, middle, or
end position.
_________________________________________________________________
١٧

18. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
Correct: Recently I've become interested in karate.
Correct: I've recently become interested in karate.
Correct: I've become interested in karate recently.
Other adverbs of indefinite time include lately.
٤. Adverbs used to evaluate usually take the end position:
Correct : Hesham did that cleaning job well.
Incorrect : Hesham did well that cleaning job.
(other common adverbs used to evaluate include badly,
poorly)
٥. Adverbs of manner usually take the middle or end position
but can not take the initial position:
Correct : Noha quietly opened the door to the baby's
room.
Correct : Noha opened the door to the baby quietly.
Incorrect : Quietly, Noha opened the baby's room.
Other common adverbs of manner include quickly,
carelessly, softly.
٦. Adverbs of frequency follow very specific rules regarding
their position in the sentence:
Common adverbs of frequency include always,
frequently, occasionally, seldom, continually, hardly, ever,
often, sometimes, ever, never, rarely, usually.
a. With the verb to be – after the verb
١٨ _________________________________________________________________

19. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Correct: Sheriff is never at home when I call him.
Correct : Ali is continually busy.
b. With the verb to be + not - after not
Correct: James is not always nice to his little sister.
Correct: It is not usually so hot here during the summer.
c. With other verbs – before the verb
Correct: Jane always skates on the boardwalk.
Correct: I never ride my bicycle to class
d. In a verb phrase – after the first auxiliary verb
Correct: John can always hit the target.
Correct: I have never seen a comet.
e. In a verb phrase with not – after not
Correct: She does not always type her paper.
Correct: He does not usually have time to read the
newspaper.
٣. Adjectives.
The function of the adjective is to describe a noun and in
English, it comes before the noun. Adjectives are of various
kinds and you can use more than one before the noun.
The adjective can describe the size, colour, shape,
material or an opinion about noun:
big, small, large,
green, red, yellow,
round, square, rectangular,
wooden, metallic,
_________________________________________________________________
١٩

20. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
good, bad, wonderful
Types and order of modifiers in front of a noun:
The modifier refers to all words that relate in their
function to the noun. This includes:
A. Articles:
Definite article: the + (singular and plural nouns)
Indefinite article:
a, an + (singular)
no indefinite article with plural nouns
e.g. a book books
B. Determiners:
Positive quantifiers:
A great deal of + un countable nouns
Much + uncountable nouns
Many + uncountable nouns
A great many + countable
A lot of + countable and uncountable nouns
Lots of
Plenty of
+ both types
Most
All
Negative quantifiers:
none
no
not any
not all
few + countable
little + uncountable
hardly any + both countable and un countable
scarcely any + both
٢٠ _________________________________________________________________

21. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
not many + countable
not much + uncountable
C. demonstrative pronouns :
this + (singular) / these + (plural)
that + (singular) / those + (plural)
D. possessive personal pronouns:
my
his
her
their
our
your
E. possessive nouns:
e.g. Mary's book
The Chairman's office
• The order of modifiers in front of a noun :
١. determiner
٢. sequence
٣. number
٤. quality or character
٥. size
٦. shape
٧. age
٨. temperature
٩. shape (it can either be no.٦ or ٩ in the order)
١٠.
colour
١١.
origin
١٢.
location
_________________________________________________________________
٢١

22. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
١٣.
noun
١٤.
noun head (the described noun)
The above list is a full list. However, it is not common
that we have more than tree adjectives in front of a single
noun or else it would be difficult to understand them.
However, the adjectives can stand alone without a noun
and come after the verb only with "verb to be", and similar
verbs like:
seem
prove
look
These verbs are called linking verbs,
smell
i.e., they do not involve any action.
appear
feel
taste
I
He
Am
looks
seems
appears
feels
adj.
happy.
sad.
Except with such verbs, you cannot end your sentence
with an adjective but with an adverb:
٢٢ _________________________________________________________________

23. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
He writes quick quickly.
He draws beautiful beautifully.
• You can describe an adjective with an adverb.
adv.
I feel extremely
adv.
He was completely
adj.
happy.
adj.
sad.
Here the adverb does not modify the verb but it modifies the
adjective.
_________________________________________________________________
٢٣

24. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
Exercises:
A) Make sentences by using is or are and an adjective
from the list:
bright
cold
flat
funny
hard
hot
important
large / big
round
sharp
small / little
soft
square
sweet
sour
١. Fire _____________________ .
٢. Balls and oranges _____________________________ .
٣. A box ________________________________ .
٤. A lemon ________________________________ .
٥. Ice and snow _______________________________ .
٦. Sugar __________________________________ .
٧. Rocks and metals ________________________________
.
٨. A pillow ___________________________________ .
٩. A joke ______________________________________ .
١٠. Razor blades _______________________________ .
١١. The sun __________________________________ .
١٢. Good health ______________________________ .
٢٤ _________________________________________________________________

25. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
١٣. A dime _____________ small, round, and ___________.
١٤. An elephant ____________ , but a mouse
____________.
B) Put a circle around the word that doesn’t belong and
mention the reason.
your
his
her
their
may
this
their
that
these
those
bank
hospital
restaurant
library
books
fifty
forty
ninety
nineteen
thirty
she
he
your
we
it
C) Rearrange the following words to make sentences:
١. always -- They -- at six o’clock-- wake up.
٢. writing -- We -- sentences -- right now -- are.
٣. are -- Where -- from -- you ?
٤. round -- are -- Balls -- oranges -- and.
٥. friend-- coffee -- drinks -- rarely -- without sugar -- My.
_________________________________________________________________
٢٥

26. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
D) Fill in the gaps using a word (a pronoun) of the
following:
he
we
her
I
them me
you him
us
she
they
it
١. Ahmed has a Toyota. ________ bought __________ last
week.
٢. Mary is a good nurse. _________ works at the National
Hospital.
٣. Mary was in the clinic this morning. I saw ___________
there at ٩:٣٠.
٤. Where's Michael? Will you please call ______________ ?
٥. We will write to you, so please write to _____________ .
٦. Have you met Ahmed and Khalid? I have not met ______
.
٧. Sam and Bill are good students. _________ study Arabic
at our centre.
٨. Did you give your books to John? Yes, I did. I gave
__________ to _______.
٩. Your friend Ibrahim works abroad. Did you write to
_________?
٢٦ _________________________________________________________________

27. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
١٠. I like American films. _________ also like French
films.
١١. I’m sure I gave you the check. _________ gave
__________ to _______?
١٢. Mary is an accountant. _______ works for Banque du
Caire. I know ________ well.
١٣. Sayyed and Mohammed are my friends. ________
work for our bank too. You know ______________ well.
١٤. I’ll type this report for you. Can you send this fax
for___?
E) Choose the right word (adj./adv ) :
١. Angela is (amazing/ amazingly) good with animals.
٢. As soon as I saw him I was (sure / surely) he had been
drinking.
٣. Do you think that’s a (real/ really) diamond in her ring?
٤. He was wearing a (true truly) astonishing tie.
٥. I felt her arm (gentle/ gently) to see if any hones were broken.
٦. I read an (amazing/ amazingly) thing in the newspaper this
morning.
٧. John was (wonderful / wonderfully) kind to me when I came
to this country.
_________________________________________________________________
٢٧

28. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
٨. Keith seemed (gentle / gently), but there was something cruel
underneath.
٩. One leg of the chair was (slight/ slightly) damaged.
١٠. Sarah drives a (real /really) beautifully restored ١٩١٤ sports
car.
١١. She looked at mc (kind / kindly), but didn’t say anything.
١٢. The door was (had/ badly) painted.
١٣. The food was (wonderful / wonderfully), but the service was
(awful / awfully).
١٤. The room is (clever / cleverly) organised so three of us can
work there.
١٥. The job was (surprising/ surprisingly) easy.
١٦. He’s acted (unbelievable/ unbelievably) stupidly in the past
year.
٢٨ _________________________________________________________________

29. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Unit (٢)
The Tenses
Objectives:
After studying this unit you should be able to:
١. identify the different verb tenses:
٢. form different verb tenses.
٣. understand and use forms of tenses in English.
Major Tenses in English
There are three major groups of tenses in English:
١. Simple Tenses.
٢. Continuous or progressive.
٣. Perfect Tenses.
Simple tenses reflect one level of time. Thus present
simple gives the meaning of an action that simply is repeated
in the present time and past simple is an action that happened
in the past and future simple is an action that will happen in
the future.
Continuous tenses reflect a sense of continuation
either in the present, past or future.
Perfect tenses always include the tenses that reflect
two points in time.
Present perfect relates past and present. Past perfect
denotes the fact that there were two actions in the past, one
_________________________________________________________________
٢٩

30. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
happened before the other. The earlier should be in the past
perfect and the more recent should be in the past simple.
The Future perfect shows that there will be a point in
the future and there is an action that will be completed before
this definite time. E.g. By the end of July, I will have finished
my studies.
To understand the above more fully, you are going to
be introduced to the major tenses and examples to clarify
their usage.
Remember
The tense means a certain form to reflect a certain usage
or meaning in time. Thus, make sure, for each tense that you
understand:
١. The form of the verb.
٢. The meaning of this tense or its usage.
٣. The key words in the sentence or passage that MIGHT
indicate which tense you should use.
١. Simple Tenses.
Present Simple
(I do.)
١.
٢.
٣.
٤.
٥.
٦.
٣٠
I live in Cairo.
I don't smoke.
He lives on the top floor.
James walks to work.
I sleep with my windows open.
Alex is a bus driver.
________________________________________________________________

31. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٧. He drives a bus. {But: he is not driving a bus right
now; he is sleeping.}
Facts
١. The earth goes round the sun.
٢. Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
٣. In Britain, most of the shops close at ٥:٣٠ p. m.
٤. I work in a bank. Barry works in a bank.
٥. Excuse me, do you speak English?
٦. “Would you like a cigarette?” - “No, thanks, I don’t
smoke.”
٧. What does this word mean? - It means.............
٨. Rice doesn’t grow in Britain.
Habits
١. I get up at ٦:٣٠ every morning.
٢. How often do you go to the dentist?
٣. Ann doesn’t often drink tea.
٤. In summer Tom usually plays tennis twice a week.
Notice the difference:
Where do you come from? (Nationality?)
Where are you from? (Nationality?)
He comes from Japan. (Nationality)
Where are you coming from? (Right now? Which part
of the city for example?)
What do you do? (Your Job)
What are you doing? (Right now, for example “eating,
sitting, listening etc.)
Note the conjugations:
I do.
You do
He does. (do + s) {٣rd person singular “s”}
_________________________________________________________________
٣١

32. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
She does.
It does.
(Mary goes; John writes; Ahmed eats; the cat plays;
life continues; what you say makes sense; it works;
who knows; etc)
We do.
They do.
I
he, she, it
you, they, we
Am
Is
Are
I
he, she, it
you, they, we
Have
Has
Have
Key words:
The present simple tense can occur with the following
adverbials. (However, consider meaning first.):
Every (morning, day, week, …)
١٠٠٪ always
↑
often

usually

sometimes {Frequency Adverbs}

seldom

rarely
↓
hardly
٠٪
never
Example:
I always eat breakfast.
٣٢
OR
He never eats breakfast.
________________________________________________________________

33. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Exercise: Use a suitable subject and make the verb agree
with it:
drink coffee in the morning
drink tea in the afternoon
[he]
drink orange juice in the evening
drink tomato juice with my meals
drink milk in the morning [my son]
put sugar in his coffee
have a sandwich for lunch
eat dinner around six o'clock
come to class late [Mary]
get to class on time
walk to the park
take a bus to work [Mr. Martin]
take a taxi to school [ my friends]
drive to Jeddah
ride a bike in the morning [this little boy]
watch TV in the evening
study at the library
do my homework
What are some things you ....................................
always do every day?
usually do every day?
often do?
sometimes do?
seldom do?
rarely do?
never do?
Now answer the same question about your friend/ brother/
classmate etc.
_________________________________________________________________
٣٣

34. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
Past Simple
Use:
Any action that happened in the past and has no
relation to the present.
Form:
The second conjugation of the verb with all persons,
singular and plural:
Regular: { play, played, played)
I
he, she, it
Played
you, they, we
Irregular: {write, wrote, written}
I
he, she, it
Wrote
you, they, we
• Study the list of the irregular verbs in appendix (C).
Key words:
Any word that refers to the past, or any definite date in
the past:
Yesterday,
Last (week, month, year, etc.)
In ١٩٥٦, ….
In ancient times, …..
When I was young, ….
٣٤
________________________________________________________________

35. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Use the past tense form of the verbs in brackets:
Yesterday [be] _________ a very bad day for me. I [begin]
_________ the day with an accident. I [cut] __________ my
hand with a razor blade. I [forget] ______________ about an
important meeting. Then I [tear] ______ my new suit. A thief
stole my wallet. Fortunately the police [catch] ______the
thief. Later I [fall] _______ on some slippery steps and [hurt]
_______ myself. Then a little boy [throw] __________ a ball
and [hit] _______ me accidentally. Next an angry dog [bite]
_________ me and [rip] ___________ the leg of my pants.
After that I [slip] _______________ again and [break]
________ my new watch. As a climax, I [find] _______ a ten
dollar parking ticket on my car!
Future Simple
Use:
Any action that is expected to happen in the future
either:
planned
or unplanned
Form:
I am going to write a letter tomorrow
afternoon.
I’m going to give you a test in ten minutes.
Sam is going to go downtown after class.
Mary’s going to cook our dinner.
We are going to write a full report.
am going to
is going to
are going to
_________________________________________________________________
٣٥

36. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
We’re going to have our house painted
soon.
I’m not going to read this book.
He isn’t going to sell his car.
We aren’t going to eat pizza this evening.
am not going to
is not going to
are not going to
Are you going to come to class early next
time?
Is Jim going to be at the meeting tomorrow?
What are you going to do?
Where are you going to go?
When are you going to leave?
be + subject +
going to
What is he going to
eat?
Use the following phrases into sentences expressing the
future:
١. buy a pair of shoes
٢. see a doctor
٣. go to bed early
٤. call my friend on the phone
٥. play soccer
٦. call my landlord
٧. call the police
٨. get something to eat
٩. go to the beach
١٠.
٣٦
go to the grocery store
________________________________________________________________

37. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Using WILL
١. I will arrive around six o’clock. [ I’ll arrive etc. ]
٢. You will arrive in London ١٥ minutes after midnight.
[You’ll arrive.]
٣. He will arrive .. [ He’ll arrive ..]
٤. She will arrive ..[ She’ll arrive ..]
٥. The plane will arrive. [ It’ll arrive.]
٦. We will leave at ten sharp. [ We’ll leave ....]
٧. They will join us later. [ They’ll join us ...]
Negative
I will not go.
I won’t go.
Questions:
Will you come?
When will he come?
Key words:
Future words: tomorrow, next (week, month, year, etc.) or
when the meaning shows a future event or intention.
_________________________________________________________________
٣٧

38. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
٢. Continuous or progressive.
Present Continuous
(I am doing.)
١. I am speaking now.
٢. You are listening now.
٣. He is driving a big car at this moment.
٤. She is cooking right now.
٥. It is running.
٦. We are working
٧. You are sitting down.
٨. They are watching the match.
Use the present continuous tense:
١. [try] Please be quiet. I_______________ to concentrate.
٢. [rain] Look! It ________________________.
٣. [you / look] Why ______________________ at me like
that? Have I said something wrong?
٤. [make] You ______ a lot of noise. Can you be a bit
quieter?
٣٨
________________________________________________________________

39. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٥. [look] Excuse me, I ____________________ for a phone
box. Is there one near here?
٦. [you / enjoy] It’s a good film, isn’t it? _____________ it?
٧. [shout] Listen! Can you hear those people next door?
They _________________ at each other again.
٨. [you / wear] Why ____________________ your coat
today? It’s very warm.
٩. [not / eat] I want to lose weight. I ___________________
anything today.
١٠. [increase] The number of people without jobs
___________ at the moment.
١١. [get] He is still ill but he __________________ better
slowly.
١٢. [become] These days food ____________________
more and more expensive.
١٣. [change] The world ______________. Things never
stay the same.
١٤. [rise] The cost of living __________________. Every
year things are dearer.
١٥. [improve] George has gone to work in Spain. When he
arrived, his Spanish wasn’t very good but now it _______
Present Continuous Drill
Use the following verbs to express an action that is
happening right now:
Use “I”, “He”, “They” etc.
drink
eat
drive
read
sleep
_________________________________________________________________
٣٩

40. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
write
walk
run
cry
stand in the back
fly
Smile
laugh
wave
smoke
clap
kick
count
push
sit on the floor
touch
pull
pray
hold
shake hands with
run
cut
leave
draw
dream
cry
live
study
watch
wash
fix
pepair
talk
speak
listen
say
smile
Wear
catch
erase
deposit
withdraw
rain
step
break
throw
hit
declare
sign
ride
Make questions like:
a) Is he standing in the back of the room?
b) Why is he standing there?
Answers:
Yes, he is.
No, he isn't.
He is standing there because he is waiting for
you.
Note:
Verbs expressing a state, such as: is, have, see, hear,
understand, taste, smell, want, love, hate, like, dislike,
prefer, appreciate, seem, own, contain, belong, weigh, cost,
etc., cannot be continuous.
I see you right now.
Now I have a Ford.
Now I understand what you say.
٤٠
________________________________________________________________

41. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Compare:
The soup tastes delicious.
The cook is tasting the soup. {different meaning + action
involved}
Past Continuous
(I was doing.)
I was speaking on the phone when she screamed.
You were listening at that time.
He was driving while I was reading.
At ٩:٠٠ last night, I was studying in my room.
I was working all day yesterday.
I was cooking when he arrive.
~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
Continuous
Simple
• A long action continued for some time and short action
interrupted it. The long action is in the progressive past
while the short one is in the simple past.
I was reading when the doorbell rang.
~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
Future Continuous
(I will be doing.)
Use:
_________________________________________________________________
٤١

42. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
To emphasise that an action will continue for some
time in the future.
Examples:
١. I will be writing letters for the next three hours.
٢. Even though I will be studying when you call, I do not
mind.
٣. Ahmed will be working on this essay for the next
week.
Key words:
Future words + any reference that shows that the speaker or
writer wants emphasise the duration of the action.
٣. Perfect Tenses.
The always express a complex relation between two
points of time.
Present Perfect
(I have done)
Use :
To emphasise a relation between past time and present
time.
This tense is used in the following cases:
A) An action that began in the past and continues in the
present:
• I have known him since he first came to Cairo.
• I have answered all the questions.
B) An action that happened in the past but has an effect in the
present:
٤٢
________________________________________________________________

43. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
• I have read this book and I want to discuss it with you.
• I have cleaned my shoes. (They are clean now.)
(Compare: I cleaned my shoes yesterday. They are not
clean today.)
• I have eaten. (I’m not hungry now.)
C) An action that happened very recently just before the time
of speaking:
• I have just seen him.
Key words:
Words referring to a period of time between past and
present:
for + a period of time: for a month, for a three days, etc
since + a definite date: since ١٩٧٨, since Monday, since his
birthday, since I came here, etc.
just, recently, lately, yet, so far, already,
Note that it is the meaning of the sentence that matters not
the word alone. Thus:
I saw him this morning. {the morning is finished; we’re in
the evening.}
Have you seen him this morning? {We are still in the
morning.}
Past Perfect
(I had done)
Use:
١. When the speaker wants to emphasise that one
action happened before the other in the past, the first action is
in the past perfect and the following is in the past simple.
• Remember that this tense only emphasises the
_________________________________________________________________
٤٣

44. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
sequence and you can express the same sentence with
only past tense. The use of past perfect is only for
showing that one happened before the other.
e.g.:
I had visited my uncle before I came to you yesterday.
(Correct)
or
I visited my uncle before I came to you yesterday. (Correct)
Key words :
I. Words that show sequence + past references.
e.g.:
before,
after,
when
prior to + a definite date
٢. Indirect speech:
If the saying is in the past and the verbs inside the
inverted commas are in the past, after you delete the
commas, change the past into past perfect:
e.g.: He said, "I visited them three times".
He said that he had visited them three times.
Future Perfect
(I will have done)
Use:
When an action will be completed before a definite
date in the future, use the future perfect.
e.g.: By the end of June, I will have finished my studies.
Key words :
٤٤
________________________________________________________________

45. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
by + definite date + future reference
in + a period of time + future reference
e.g.
• By the end of July, my husband will have returned to
settle in Cairo.
• In two months time, they will have finished changing
the system.
٤. Perfect Continuous Tenses.
Use :
Used when you want to use perfect tenses emphasizing
continuation of the event.
Present Perfect Continuous
(I have been doing)
Use:
The present perfect should be used when you want to
emphasize that the action continued over a certain period of
time.
e.g.:
• I have been studying English for ١٠ years.
[Here you want to express the relation between past and
present while emphasizing continuation. You want to say that
_________________________________________________________________
٤٥

46. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
you have started studying in the past and you are still
studying until now and this action is a continuous one.]
Key words :
Present perfect key words + indications that the action is
continuous.
Past Perfect Continuous
(I had been doing)
Use :
To emphasize the duration of an action that was
completed before another action in the past.
• I had been writing for him for an hour before he
finally arrived.
Key words :
Past perfect key words + indication that this action continued
for some time.
Future Perfect Continuous
(I will have been doing)
Use:
To indicate that an action will continue for some time
in the future before another definite point in the future.
e.g.:
• By this time next year, I will have been living here for
two years.
Key words:
+ future references + any indication that the action
By
will continue for some time
In
٤٦
________________________________________________________________

47. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
_________________________________________________________________
٤٧

48. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
Exercises:
A) Put the verbs in the correct forms:
١. This office [open] ................... at ٩:٠٠ and [close]
................ at ١٨:٣٠ every day.
٢. I have a car but I [not/use] ...................................... very
often.
٣. How many cups of coffee [you/drink] ............................
every day?
٤. Where [your friend/come] ......................................... from?
٥. He [come] ................................................ from Scotland.
٦. What [you/do] ......................................... ? - “I’m an
electrical engineer.”
٧. If you need money, why [you/not/get] ...................... a job?
٨. I [swim] .................. , but I [not/dive] ................................
.
٩. I don’t understand the word “deceive”. What [it/mean]... ?
١٠. Mice [not/catch] ................................... cats. It is the
other way round.
B) Make sentences by using is or are and an adjective from
the list:
bright
hot
small / little
cold
important
soft
flat
large / big
square
funny
round
sweet
hard
sharp
sour
٤٨
________________________________________________________________

49. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Example:
١. Fire is hot.
٢. Balls and oranges _____________________________ .
٣. A box ________________________________ .
٤. A lemon ________________________________ .
٥. Ice and snow _______________________________ .
٦. Sugar __________________________________ .
٧. Rocks and metals _______________________________ .
٨. A pillow ___________________________________ .
٩. A joke ______________________________________ .
١٠. Razor blades _______________________________ .
١١. The sun __________________________________ .
١٢. Good health ______________________________ .
١٣. A dime _____________ small, round, and
____________ .
١٤. An elephant ________ , but a mouse ________________
.
C) (Drill) Read the following sentences aloud. [You can also
copy them out]:
I. Present Continuous:
١. Where's Tom? - He is answering the telephone. [He's
doing that right now.]
٢. Sam is cleaning the window.
٣. Bob is washing his car.
٤. Sam's writing a letter to his uncle.
٥. He's fixing his car.
٦. I'm speaking to you.
٧. Nora’s cooking a big meal.
_________________________________________________________________
٤٩

50. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
٨. She's taking care of the baby.
٩. Who's knocking at the door?
١٠.
It's raining now.
١١.
We are learning English. We're
sentences and making other sentences.
reading
١٢.
He isn't running.
١٣.
We aren't playing.
١٤.
I am not sleeping.
١٥.
George isn't listening to our conversation.
١٦.
You aren't paying attention.
١٧.
They are waiting for us.
١٨.
Ahmed's carrying the basket.
١٩.
I'm doing a crossword puzzle.
٢٠.
He's taking the children to school.
II. Present Simple & Continuous:
١. I usually drink coffee, but now I'm drinking tea.
٢. I often read books in the afternoon, but now I'm
working.
٣. They usually go to work by car, but today they are
walking.
٤. He doesn't usually make mistakes, but this evening
he's making a lot of them.
٥. You drive a German car. Now I see that you're driving
a Lincoln. Is it yours?
٥٠
________________________________________________________________

51. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٦. We usually have lunch in a Japanese restaurant.
However, today we're trying an Italian Restaurant.
٧. Ahmed usually wears a suit, but today he's wearing a
military uniform.
٨. They usually sit at the back of the class. Today, they
are sitting in the front.
٩. I am having a cup of tea right now. Now I have a
Small Chevrolet.
١٠.
Now I'm looking at you. Now I see you. I hear
you. I'm listening.
D) Put the verbs in the correct forms (Present Continuous):
١. [try] Please be quiet. I _____________ to concentrate.
٢. [rain] Look! It _________________________ .
٣. [you / look] Why ______________________ at me
like that? Have I said something wrong?
٤. [make] You _____________________ a lot of noise.
Can you be a bit quieter?
٥. [look] Excuse me, I ____________________ for a
phone box. Is there one near here?
٦. [you / enjoy] It’s a good film, isn’t it? ___________ it
٧. [shout] Listen! Can you hear those people next door?
They _________________ at each other again.
٨. [you / wear] Why _______________________ your
coat today? It’s very warm.
٩. [not / eat] I want to lose weight. I ____anything today.
_________________________________________________________________
٥١

52. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
١٠.
[increase] The number of people without jobs
__________ at the moment.
١١.
[get] He is still ill but he ___________________
better slowly.
١٢.
[become]
These
days
food
____________________ more and more expensive.
١٣.
[change] The world ________________ .
Things never stay the same.
١٤.
[rise] The cost of living __________________ .
Every year things are dearer.
١٥.
[improve] George has gone to work in Spain.
When he arrived, his Spanish wasn’t very good but
now it ____________________.
E) Put the verbs in the correct forms:
[Present Simple & Present Progressive]
١. The wind (be) _______________ sometimes strong.
٢. Cats (be) _____________________________ animals.
٣. He never
family.
(think) _____________________ about his
٤. I (hear) ________________ the little boys; they (sing)
_________________.
٥. (you, understand) ____________________________ why
I am here?
٦. The students (be) ________ thirsty. They (want)
___________ a drink of water.
٥٢
________________________________________________________________

53. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٧. Right now, the boys (be, not) _______________ at work.
٨. At the moment, the students (talk) _______________ with
the teacher.
٩. Their father (be, not) _______________ at home.
١٠. (you, study) _________________ English this morning?
١١. (they, play) __________________ football right now?
١٢. My neighbour sometimes (write) ________________
essays.
١٣. (the man, be) ______________ outside?
١٤. A: (you, speak) __________________ English?
B: Yes, I ______________ .
١٥. A: (your brother, work) ____________________ in
Jeddah?
B: No, he _______________ .
١٦. A: (you, be) _______________ the director of the
school?
B: Yes, I ____________ .
١٧. A: (Ahmed, study) ____________________ today?
B: No, he ________________ .
١٨. A: (James, be) ________________ a good student?
B: Yes, he ________________ .
١٩. [go] I have a toothache. I think I ____________ go to the
dentist.
٢٠. [fly] Ted ___________________ to London next month.
_________________________________________________________________
٥٣

54. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
F) Put the verbs in the correct forms:
١. This office [open] ................... at ٩:٠٠ and [close]
...................... at ١٨:٣٠ every day.
٢. I have a car but I [not/use] .......................................... very
often.
٣.
How
many
cups
of
.................................. every day?
coffee
[you/drink]
٤. Where [your friend/come] ..................................................
from?
٥. He [come]
Scotland.
.....................................................
from
٦. What [you/do] ........................................... ? - "I'm an
electrical engineer."
٧. If you need money, why [you/not/get] .............................. a
job?
٨. I [swim]................... , but I [not/dive] ............................... .
٩. I don't understand the word "deceive". What [it/mean] .... ?
١٠. Mice [not/catch] ............... cats. It is the other way round.
G) Put the given verb in the right tense:
١. [have] Spiders _________ eight legs. This is a scientific fact.
٥٤
________________________________________________________________

55. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٢. [take] Will you speak softly please? The students_______
a test at the moment.
٣. [do] Don’t worry! I _____________________ all the work
already.
٤. [work] He __________________ all day. He should rest
now.
٥. [catch] Finally the police _________________ Fletcher and
sent him to prison.
٦. [make] The car ________________ a very strange noise
when I drove it yesterday.
٧. [left] I didn't meet him yesterday. When I arrived in the
office, he ___________.
٨. [study] He _______________ a book for hours when I
entered the room yesterday.
_________________________________________________________________
٥٥

56. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
٩. [travel] We __________________ to Saudi Arabia by car
next week.
١٠. [watch] I ______________ TV when you call me at eight
o'clock this evening.
١١. [write] I will finish my work on time. When you come to
see me in the evening, I __________________ the article.
١٢. [proofread] I ______________________ for some hours.
H) Put the verbs in the correct forms:
[Future time]
١. I [cut] _______ class tomorrow.
٢. What time [class, begin] _____________
٣. [you, stay] _______
tomorrow?
here during vacation next week.
٤. A: You have a bad cough.
B: I know. I [see] _______ Dr Talib later this afternoon.
٥. A: Where are you going for your vacation?
B: Sharm El-Sheikh.
A: Are you flying?
B: No, we [drive] ____ so that we can enjoy the scenery.
٥٦
________________________________________________________________

57. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
I) Put the verbs in the correct forms:
[Pres. Perf. & Past Perf.]
١. Islam [be] ________________ the most important religion
in the Middle East for more than ١٤٠٠ years.
٢. All the students [study] ________________ hard since the
beginning of the course.
٣. [you, ever, be] ________________ to New York?
٤. I couldn't catch the train because when I got to the station,
the train [leave] ________________.
٥. By the time I arrived this morning, class [already, begin]
________________.
J) Give the past form. Then make a sentence using the past
form:
Example: come ...came............
Response: My brother came from Oman yesterday.
١. eat ...........................
________________________________________________
٢. write .........................
________________________________________________
٣. drink ...........................
_______________________________________________
٤. drive .........................
________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
٥٧

58. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
٥. go ............................
_______________________________________________
K) Put the verbs in the correct forms.[Different Tenses]
Write the correct sentences on a sheet of paper. Write full
sentence:
١. It's ٦:٠٠ p.m. Mary is at home. She [eat] dinner. She
always [eat] dinner with her family around six o'clock.
٢. Ahmed [take, not] the bus to school every day. He usually
[walk] instead.
٣. While Bob [study] last night, the phone [ring].
٤. Thomas Edison [invent, not] the telephone.
٥. [you, go] to class yesterday?
٦. I [read] an hour ago when the lights [went] out.
٧. It isn't raining today, and according to the weather report,
it [rain, not] tomorrow either.
٨. Before Tom [go] to bed later tonight, he [write] a letter to
his uncle.
٩. After I [get] home from school every afternoon, I usually
[drink] _____ a glass of orange juice.
١٠. Samy [meet] me when my plane [arrive] tomorrow.
١١. I'm ready to go. I [finish, already] my work. I [finish] it
two hours ago.
١٢. I [have] a driver's licence since ١٩٩١.
١٣. Let's go. I [be] in class for more than two hours.
٥٨
________________________________________________________________

59. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
١٤. Since we [start] doing this exercise, we [complete] ١٣
sentences.
١٥. By the time class was over this morning, the rain [stop],
so I didn't need my umbrella.
١٦. I often [leave] the city over the weekend.
١٧. Mr Anderson [use] the telephone now.
١٨. the children always [go] to bed early.
١٩. Yes, Ahmed [want] some cake and coffee.
٢٠. When class [be] over this morning, the rain [already,
stop].
(L) Use the right tenses:
١. I [read] __________ that novel by Faulkner several times
before.
٢. I [read] _____________ it again in my last vacation.
٣.
Saleh [study] _____________
University last year.
Spanish
at
Madrid
٤. Saleh [study] _____________ Spanish at this institute
since last September.
٥. Mr Richard [live] _____________ in New York in ١٩٨٥.
٦. Mr Richard [live] ___________ in Detroit since that time.
٧. I [see] _____________ the statue of liberty in ١٩٨٩.
٨. My friend [see] _____________
it a hundred times.
٩. The Browns [be] _____________ in San Francisco twice
since the war.
١٠. They [be] _____________ there the week before.
_________________________________________________________________
٥٩

60. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
١١. It usually [rain] _____________ very much in that
part of the country.
١٢. I [have] _____________ no trouble with my English
lessons up to now.
١٣. My teacher [teach] _____________ English at this
institute for six years.
١٤. Listen! I [think] _____________
at the front door.
someone [knock]
١٥. Mr Smith [pay] _____________ all his bills at the end
of the month.
١٦. I [see] _____________ the famous Grand Canyon in
Arizona several times.
١٧. Mr and Mrs Garcia [be] _____________
for two months.
in Florida
١٨. Those students [make] _____________ much progress
since October.
١٩. I
[be]
_____________
sorry.
I
_____________ that fellow's name already.
[forget]
٢٠. Mary [sit] _____________ at a different desk today.
٢١. Ali [look]__________ forward to his vacation next
June.
٢٢. The tall boy in the front seat [come] _____________
from Ghana.
٢٣. Yes, we [hear] ___________
already.
that song several times
٢٤. My wife and I [live] _____________ in this city for
almost nine years.
٦٠
________________________________________________________________

61. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٢٥. The boy [study] _____________ their lessons together
every afternoon.
٢٦. Thomas [have] _____________ a good time here since
his arrival.
٢٧. I [need] some more money for my books and tuition.
٢٨. At present, that author [write] _____________ a
historical novel.
٢٩. My son [talk] _____________ on the telephone at the
moment.
٣٠. Up to the present, Khalid _____________ [do] good
work in his class.
٣١. My uncle [work] _____________ thirty eight hours a
week.
٣٢. The weather [get] _____________ quiet hot in July
and August.
٣٣. So far, you [make] _____________ no mistakes on
this exercise.
٣٤. Mr Kent [have] _____________ this job in Aswan
since April first.
M) Circle the letter of the right answer:
١. The speed limit on this road is ١٠٠ km/h. You ...............
go faster than that.
a. should
b. must not
c. have to
d. don't have to
_________________________________________________________________
٦١

62. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
٢. I am very tired and sleepy this morning. I ............... up late
last night.
a. should stay
b. shouldn't stay
c. shouldn't have stayed
d. shouldn't stayed
٣. I .................. to live in Jeddah, but now I live in Riyadh.
a. used
b. am used
c. use
d. am using
٤. I would rather ..................... a good book than spend the
time chatting with people.
a. studied
b. studying
c. to study
d. study
٥. Last year they worked very hard and ..................... achieve
very good results.
a. could
b. were able to
c. can
d. could have
(N) Use the right tense of the given verb.
١. [play]
All the children in the neighbourhood
_________________ right now.
٢. [go]
I always _____________________ out on
Thursdays and Fridays.
٣. [drive] He _______________________ to Alexandria
once a month.
٦٢
________________________________________________________________

63. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٤. [be]
I _______________ very happy when I saw
my brother home safe and sound.
٥. [finish] When we _______________ our work, we
went out.
٦. [wait] We _________________for quite a while this
morning.
٧. [see]
ago.
٨. [travel]
class.
I __________________ Ahmed five minutes
Last summer we ________________ first
٩. [have] I use the same car that I ______________ five
years ago.
١٠.
[eat]
Tomorrow afternoon
______________ at a Chinese restaurant.
we
(O) Use the right tense of the given verb.
١. Samy usually [sit] _________ at the back of class, but
today he [sit] __________ in the front row.
٢. He [come] __________ to see me every weekend.
٣. I [take] __________ my dog for a walk every evening
before it died.
٤. What [you, do] ________________________ at this
moment?
٥. She [not understand] ____________________ what
you [mean] _____________ .
٦. Look at Samir! He [drink] _______________ up his
medicine, but I can see that he [hate] _____________
it.
_________________________________________________________________
٦٣

64. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
٧. We usually [have] ________________ breakfast at ٧
o'clock nowadays.
٨. We nearly always [spend] _______________ our
holidays at the seaside, but this year we [go]
_____________ to France.
٩. I [have] _______________ my hair cut whenever it
gets too long.
١٠.
She [sing] _____________ beautifully when she
was young, but nowadays she [not, sing]
______________ anymore.
١١.
John [seem] _______________ rather tired at
this moment.
١٢.
Do you see this machine?
_______________ of many parts.
١٣.
Ask
him
what
_____________________ now.
he
It
[consist]
[want]
١٤.
Buses usually [run] ____________________
along this street, but today they [not,
run]
_______________ because it is under repair.
(P) Put the verbs between parentheses in the right tenses:
١. The scientist suddenly (see) ______________ the answer
to the problem that (occupy) ___________________ his
mind for two months.
٦٤
________________________________________________________________

65. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٢. The burglar (open) ________________ the safe when he
(hear) ______________
footsteps. He immediately
put his torch out and crawled under the bed.
٣. A: Stop! Don't you see the notice?
B: I (see) ________________ it, but I can't read it because
I (wear, not) ____________
my glasses.
________________
٤. He (clean)
______________
off and
his gun when it suddenly (go)
killed him.
٥. You looked very busy when I (meet) _______________ you last
night. What (you, do) __________________ ?
___________________
٦. Since British Rail (introduce)
_______________
structure, more people (take)
its new fare
to travelling by
train.
_______________
٧. He (cut)
_________________
dinner yesterday.
٨. I (understand)
____________
________________
exactly what you (mean)
right now.
٩. He usually (find)
when he (arrive)
١٠. I (not, have)
___________
his finger while he (cook)
_______________
__________________
_____________
a lot of letters on his desk
at the office.
anything to eat since I (get)
here.
_________________________________________________________________
٦٥

66. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
١١. When He (arrive) ______________ here tomorrow
morning, I (offer) ___________ him a cup of coffee.
١٢. Columbus (try)
______________
to reach India when he
(discover) __________________ America.
١٣. By the time Ahmed (finish)
night, everybody else (go)
١٤. He (not, pay)
_____________
to this
_____________
__________________
___________________
his work last
home.
his rent since he (move)
apartment.
١٥. Three days ago, John (begin) _____________ reading a long
novel. He (not, finish) _________________ it yet.
(Q) Circle the letter for the right answer:
١. I ____________ a new house last year, but I ___________ my old
house yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
a. have bought/ sold
b. bought/ haven't sold
c. had bought/ hadn't sold
d. buy/ haven't sold
٢. I've been living here ______________________ .
a. two years ago
b. in ١٩٩١
c. for two years
d. before ١٩٩١
٣. I couldn't see Bill. When I got into the office, he
a. had gone out
b. went out
c. have gone out
d. has gone out
٦٦
________
________________________________________________________________

67. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٤. I stood up when my father ___________________ in.
a. comes
b. had come
c. would come
d. came
٥. At the moment John
say.
a. is taking
c. has taken
__________________
a note of what they
b. takes
d. took
٦. Right now, I can see that the child _______________ his
old toy.
a. hate
b. is hating
c. hates
d. had hated
٧. How long ago _________________ the United States?
a. have you visited
b. are you visiting
c. do you visit
d. did you visit
٨. When are you ____________________ your English
course?
a. will finish
b. finish
c. going to finish
d. finished
٩. I'm specially glad that Bob's coming to the meeting
because we _______________ him for several months.
a. haven't seen
b. didn't see
c. weren't seen
d. hasn't
١٠. It was such nice weather that we _______________
camping in the desert.
a. have gone
b. will go
_________________________________________________________________
٦٧

68. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
c. went
d. had gone
(R) Fill in the spaces with the right tenses of the given verbs:
١. [take] Will you speak softly please? The students ________
a test at the moment.
٢. [have] Spiders ________ six legs. This is a scientific fact.
٣. [wear] If the suit arrives on time, I ______ it for the meeting.
٤. [catch] Finally the police Fletcher and sent him to prison.
٥. [go] There was a power outage in our part of the town last
night and the lights ____ out.
٦. [study] This autumn I _ English at a night school.
٧. [eat] My child always a lot of sweets.
٨. [go] Mr. Richardson to a Qatar last month.
٩. [make] She _ a good cake next week.
١٠.
[boil] Water at ١٠٠ C.
١١.
[not smoke] He _ at all. He hates smoking.
١٢.
[not work] They _ as fast as they can right now.
١٣. [see] I often see Jose, and I _ him again only
yesterday.
١٤.
٦٨
[cost] How much does this watch ______?
________________________________________________________________

69. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
١٥. [catch] My little boy ran after the cat and
___________ it.
١٦.
[wake] Yesterday I _ up early.
١٧. [not, pass] Tom ________ his examination on January
١٢, ١٩٩٥.
١٨. [boil] Look! The water _____. Can you turn the kettle
off?
١٩. [study] Please don't make so much noise. My child
________.
٢٠.
[be] We _______ in Kuwait in ١٩٩٥.
٢١.
[be] My friend, Edward, _________ here right now.
٢٢.
[play] Tom usually ______ tennis on Thursdays.
٢٣.
[write] Did you a letter to your folks yesterday?
٢٤. [not, understand] Look at that! He ________ what's
going on.
٢٥. [drive] How are going to travel to Libya?
_____________.
٢٦.
I
[go] They ____ to Damascus last week.
٢٧. [break] My vase fell to the floor and ___ into a
hundred pieces.
_________________________________________________________________
٦٩

70. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
٢٨.
[read] He usually ____ the newspaper in the evening.
٢٩.
[smoke] I never ____ .
٣٠.
[play] My children _ football at the moment.
٣١.
[buy] I ____ a new car next week.
٣٢.
[lie] I don't like him; he always ______ to people.
٣٣.
[rise] Yesterday the sun _______ at ٥:٥٨.
٣٤. [send] [finish] I ____ a letter to my folks after I
__________ studying yesterday evening.
٣٥. [live] They ____________________________
Montreal since they immigrated.
in
٣٦. [work] His associate __________________________
from nine to five every day.
٣٧. [go] Bill _____________________________ to the
public library once in a while.
٣٨. [knock]
Listen!
I
think
___________________ at the door.
somebody
٣٩. [be] The baby ___________________________ asleep
for several hours.
٤٠. [learn] Mary usually _________________ languages
very quickly.
٧٠
________________________________________________________________

71. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٤١. [make] The car ______________ a very strange noise
when I drove it yesterday.
٤٢. [be] I ____________________ to Europe several
times.
٤٣. [use] Our new secretary ________________ a
computer all the time.
٤٤. [do] Don’t worry. I ___________________________
all the work already.
٤٥. [inherit]
He’s
excited
because
____________________ a lot of money recently.
he
٤٦. [not, arrive] We’re still waiting. He ______________
yet.
٤٧. [go] He _______________________ out ten minutes
ago.
٤٨. [shop] I _____________________________ around
for a good jacket later today.
٤٩. [send]
So
far
today,
____________________________ three faxes.
he
٥٠. [call] She ____________ him up five times. There has
to be an important message.
٥١. [not, get] I still ________________________ a reply
from them.
_________________________________________________________________
٧١

72. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
٥٢. [sit] It's ٧:٣٠ now and Mr. Wilson ________________
to the breakfast table.
٥٣. [meet] I _____________________ Larry and his
friends some five years ago.
٥٤. [tell] If I see Mike tomorrow, I__________________
him about the meeting.
٥٥. [read] At the moment the students ______________
their books.
٥٦. [be] The weather ____________________ terrible all
last week, but now it is fine.
(S) Put the verbs between parentheses in the right tenses:
١. Right now John [take] _____ a nap. He [fall] __________
asleep an hour ago. He [sleep] ______________ for an
hour.
٢. Since we began the course, John [study] __________ three
novels. At the moment he [read] _____________ A Farewell
to Arms. He [read] _______________________ this novel
for the past three days.
٣. A: There is something I have to tell you.
B: Go ahead. I [listen] ____________________________ .
٤. A: Stop! What [you, do] __________________________
?
B: I [try] _______________________ to get this piece of
toast out of the toaster. It’s stuck.
٧٢
________________________________________________________________

73. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
A: Well, don’t use a knife. You [kill] _______________
yourself.
٥. A: Why [you, deliver, not] _________________ the report
yesterday?
B: When I got to his office, he [leave] ________________
.
٦. A: Can I borrow some money? My check [be]
__________ supposed to arrive yesterday, but I still [receive,
not] __________ it.
B: Sure. I’d be happy to lend you some. How much (need,
you] ____________?
(T) Complete the following with the right tense of the verbs
in brackets:
١.
Bill ____________ [start] working at a pizza parlour in
November. He ____________ [work] there successfully for
several months. In fact everyone in the pizza parlour ______
[help] Bill in every way they can.
For the first time in his life, Bill _____________ [be]
able to earn his own living. He ________________ [receive,
already]
several
paychecks,
but
the
paychecks
_____________ [not be] the most important part of the job)
Most importantly, Bill _______________ [be] proud of
himself because he _________________ [feel] useful. Now
he ________ [have] a good reason to get up in the morning.
_________________________________________________________________
٧٣

74. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
Last year, the public school special program __________
[train] Bill for this job) It ____________ [teach] him the
skills he needed.
٢.
Last week, I (see) ______________ a very good book
in a book shop, but I (not have) _______________ enough
money to buy it. Now I have enough money, but I have no
time to go to the book shop, so I (buy) ________ it tomorrow
morning.
(U) Circle the letter of the right answer:
١. Gases ________________ when heated. This is a
scientific fact.
a. expands
b. expanding
c. expand
d. are expanding
٢. The house is in a mess right now. The plumbers
_________ in a new bath and the carpenter_______ us some
bookshelves.
a. is putting/ building
b. puts/ builds
c. are putting/ is building
d. are putting/ builds
٣. I often see Dr Richards. I______ him again only
yesterday.
a. see
b. am seeing
c. saw
d. have seen
٤. They sell all kinds of rubbish nowadays, but they
once_________ good furniture.
a. sell
b. are selling
c. have sold
d. sold
٧٤
________________________________________________________________

75. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٥. The Carters didn't ___________ for Chicago.
a. leave
b. left
c. leaves
d. leaving
٦. He ___________ along a deserted road when suddenly he
___________ a camel in front of him.
a. was driving/ saw
b. drove/ saw
c. was driving/ was seeing
d. drove/ was seeing
٧. I couldn't meet Ahmed last week. When I got to his office
he ________ .
a. left
b. has left
c. had left
d. had been left
٨. We ___________ the new bridge by the end of this year.
a. have completed
b. completed
c. will have completed d. complete
٩. We will run out of gas before we reach Alex. I _________
at the next gas station.
a. am going to stop
b. will have stopped
c. have stopped
d. stop
١٠. He ___________ French at Cairo University since ١٩٨٩.
a. teaches
b. taught
c. is teaching
d. has taught
١١. The leaves usually _________ from the trees in October.
a. falls
b. fall
c. are falling
d. will fall
_________________________________________________________________
٧٥

76. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
١٢. Washington, D. C., ________ the capital of the United
States ١٨٠٠.
a. is/ in
b. has been/ in
c. has been/ for
d. has been/ since
١٣. Books like this one can___________ anywhere.
a. be bought
b. have bought
c. will buy
d. buy
١٤. The windows ___________ while I was there.
a. were cleaning
b. clean
c. cleaned
d. were being cleaned
١٥. This matter ___________ with very soon.
a. will deal
b. has dealt
c. will be dealt
d. will be dealing
١٦. He can't answer these questions properly. He _________
more time studying when he had the chance.
a. must have spent
b. should have spent
c. would spend
d. could spend
١٧. I don't know, but it___________ rain tomorrow.
a. might
b. has to
c. must
d. will
١٨. He couldn't ___________ everything about Europe; he
has never been there.
a. knew
b. know
c. known
d. knows
١٩. I ___________ a calculator while I was doing these
calculations. I made many mistakes.
٧٦
________________________________________________________________

77. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
a. ought to use
c. must have used
b. should use
d. ought to have used
٢٠. Since the new boss took over, we to change our working
methods.
a. have had
b. should have
c. must
d. must have
٢١. Fishing is strictly forbidden in this area. You
___________ fish here.
a. don't have to
b. mustn't
c. ought to
d. should
٢٢. ___________ you please help me with this suitcase?
a. May
b. Must
c. Should
d. Could
٢٣. Would you mind ___________ the phone?
a. to answer
b. answered
c. answering
d. answer
٢٤. He___________ wear a uniform. It is not obligatory.
a. mustn't
b. shouldn't
c. hasn't had
d. doesn't have to
٢٥. You'd better ___________ near the edge. It is dangerous.
a. not go
b. go not
c. don't go
d. to not go
٢٦. Would you like ___________ to the manager.
a. speak
b. speaking
c. to speak
d. spoke
_________________________________________________________________
٧٧

78. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
٢٧. The lawyer advised his client___________ the case as
there was no use.
a. dropping
b. drop
c. dropped
d. to drop
٢٨. I am used to ___________ in this part of the country.
a. live
b. living
c. have lived
d. will live
٢٩. He said the trip without the right company would
be___________.
a. bored
b. bore
c. boring
d. to bore
٣٠. Before trains were invented, people used ___________
on horseback.
a. to travel
b. travel
c. travelling
d. to travelling
٣١. My father remembers parts of his childhood quite clearly.
He remembers ___________ to school for the first time.
a. to go
b. go
c. going
d. went
٣٢. He said, "I'm terribly sorry to___________
you___________."
a. keep/ wait
b. keep/ waiting
c. keeping/ waiting
d. keeping/ wait
٣٣. I hope ..................... you again soon.
a. seeing
b. to see
c. will see
d. see
٧٨
________________________________________________________________

79. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٣٤. Boys usually enjoy ................... football.
a. playing
b. to play
c. plays
d. play
٣٥. You like ................... big trucks. Don't you?
a. driving
b. drive
b. drove
d. driven
٣٦. I don't mind .................... the children from school.
a. collect
b. to collect
c. collected
d. collecting
٣٧. I think he is a liar; he seems ....................... false
evidence.
a. give
b. to give
c. giving
d. gives
٣٨. I've been living here ___________________________________ .
a. two years ago
b. in ١٩٩١
c. for two years
d. before ١٩٩١
٣٩. I couldn't see Bill. When I got into the office, he ______.
a. had gone out
b. went out
c. have gone out
d. has gone out
٤٠. I stood up when my father ______________________________ in.
a. comes
b. had come
c. would come
d. came
_________________________________________________________________
٧٩

80. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
٤١. At the moment Abdullah
of what they say.
a. is taking
c. has taken
_____________________________
a note
b. takes
d. took
٤٢. Right now, I can see that the child _________________
his old toy.
a. hate
b. is hating
c. hates
d. had hated
٤٣. How long ago ____ ___________ the United States?
a. have you visited
b. are you visiting
c. do you visit
d. did you visit
٤٤. When are you _________________ your English course?
a. will finish
b. finish
c. going to finish
d. finished
٤٥. I'm specially glad that Bob's coming to the meeting
because we _______________ him for several months.
a. haven't seen
b. didn't see
c. weren't seen
d. hasn't
٤٦. It was such nice weather that we ___________________
camping in the desert.
a. have gone
b. will go
c. went
d. had gone
٨٠
________________________________________________________________

81. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
(V) Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verb forms
[affirmative or negative] of the base forms given in brackets:
١. [drive] The mechanic ________________________ the
car right now.
٢. [not, eat] When he's on a diet, he __________ potatoes.
٣. [rain] When I left the office this afternoon, it
_______________.
٤. [not, have]
I didn't go on the trip because I
___________ any money.
٥. [win]
Who, do you think, ______________________
the next game?
٦. [rise]
The sun ___________________ at ٦:٢١
yesterday morning.
٧. [eat]
I seldom ______________________ Italian food.
٨. [ring]
The bell ____________________________ and
class began.
٩. [set] A strong wind blew while we ______________ up
the tent.
١٠. [understand] Good! The poor stranger __________now.
١١. [install] The company technician ________________
our new AC system right now.
_________________________________________________________________
٨١

82. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
١٢. [check] Our new manager always _____________ on
everything once he gets to the work
١٣. [drive] Ahmed ________________________ to Alex
five days ago.
١٤. [be] We ____________ very happy when we knew
that everyone was home safe and
١٥. [file]
So
far
Carol
and
______________________ six applications.
Henry
١٦. [eat]
Tomorrow
afternoon
______________________ at a Chinese
we
١٧. [break] My vase fell to the
________________ into a hundred pieces.
floor
and
١٨. [use] Our new secretary ______________ a computer
all the time.
١٩. [inherit]
He's
excited
because
__________________ a lot of money recently.
٢٠.
he
[go] He ___________________ out ten minutes ago.
٢١. [shop] I _______________________ around for a
good jacket later today.
٢٢. [listen]
Shsh!
Someone
__________________________ to our conversation.
٢٣. [fall] Rain rarely __________________________ in
the Sahara.
٢٤. [hide] I _________________ some money in my
dictionary last week.
٨٢
________________________________________________________________

83. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٢٥. [get] We all _______________________ wet during
the rainstorm yesterday.
٢٦. [be] I _____________ very happy when I saw my
brother home safe and sound.
٢٧. [lie]
I
don't
like
him;
___________________ to people.
he
always
٢٨. [live] They _____________________________ in
Montreal since they immigrated.
٢٩. [work] His associate _________________________
from nine to five every day.
٣٠. [go] Bill _____________________________ to the
public library once in a while.
٣١. [knock]
Listen!
I
__________________ at the door.
think
somebody
٣٢. [be] The baby _______________________ asleep for
several hours.
(X) Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verbs in the right
tense. The base forms of the verbs are given below:
appear
send
call
occur
drink
see
feel
drive
leave
arrive
١. The speaker ________________________________ in his
best suit last night.
٢. A major earthquake _______________________ in San
Francisco in ١٩٠٦.
_________________________________________________________________
٨٣

84. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
٣. I've met him twice since he ______________________ in
Cairo.
٤. My brother ___________________________ sick for a
whole week.
٥. Next week I ___________________________ you to your
work in my new car.
٦. This is a good scientific film. I ___________________ it
over three times.
٧. Look at them! They _________________________ a
signal now.
٨. I couldn't meet John; when I got to his office, he _______.
٩. He isn't at home. I __________________________ up a
few minutes ago and there was no answer.
١٠. These people ____________________ gallons of coffee
every day.
(Y) Use the given verb in the right tense:
١. [go] They ___________________ to Alex last week.
٢. [break] My vase fell to the floor and _____________ into
a hundred pieces.
٣. [read] He usually ___________________ the newspaper
in the evening.
٤. [smoke] I never _____________________ .
٨٤
________________________________________________________________

85. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٥. [buy] I ________________________________ a new car
next week.
٦. [lie] I don't like him; he always ____________ to people.
٧. [rise] Yesterday the sun ____________________ at ٥:٥٨.
٨. [eat] He _________________________ a sandwich right
now.
٩. [believe] Now I _____________ that I am fully aware of
the situation.
١٠. [play] All the children in the neighbourhood _________
right now.
١١. [go] I always ___________________________ out on
Thursdays and Fridays.
١٢. [drive] He ________________________ to Port Said
once a month.
١٣. [be] I ____________ very happy when I saw my brother
home safe and sound.
١٤. [finish] When we _______________________________
our work, we went out.
١٥. [wait] We ______________________________ for
quite a while this morning.
١٦. [see] I _________________________________ Ahmed
five minutes ago.
١٧. [travel] Last summer we _________________________
first class.
_________________________________________________________________
٨٥

86. English Grammar ______________________________________________________
١٨. [have] I use the same car that I ____________________
five years ago.
١٩. [eat] Tomorrow afternoon we _________________ at a
Chinese restaurant.
٢٠. [invent, not] Thomas Edison
the telephone.
___________________
(Z) Use the Past Tense form of the verbs in brackets:
١. [be] We ____________________ here yesterday.
٢. [be] Alexander Graham Bell ___________________
the inventor of the telephone.
٣. [lie] He ______ to me when he said he was a
mechanic; he doesn't know a thing about car
mechanics.
٤. [lie] I was tired, so I ____________________ down on
bed for a few minutes.
٥. [forget] I ______________________ to take this book
back to the library.
٦. [hide] I _________________ some money in my
dictionary last week.
٧. [put] This fireman can ______________ out the fire in
only a few minutes.
٨. [have] We ________________ a wonderful time at
Ahmed's place next weekend.
٨٦
________________________________________________________________

87. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٩. [ring] The bell ___________________ just a few
minutes ago.
١٠.
[drink] He always _______________________
a cup of coffee for breakfast.
١١.
[feed] Mary __________________________ the
baby at the moment.
١٢.
[blow] The wind ________________ down a
tree in front of our house last October.
١٣.
[get] We all _______________________ wet
during the rainstorm yesterday.
١٤.
[hold]
The
board
of
directors
__________________ a meeting last Tuesday.
١٥.
[leave] The boss _________________ his office
for a business tomorrow morning.
_________________________________________________________________
٨٧

88. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Unit (٣)
The Passive Voice
Objectives:
After studying this unit you should be able to:
١. identify the form of the sentence in active voice and in
the passive voice:
٢. form different verb tenses and forms in the passive
voice.
٣. detect the errors in the formation of verbs in the
passive voice.
Active Voice:
The doer begins the sentence: I bought a book.
Passive Voice:
The object begins the sentence: The thief was arrested (by
the police).
Usually all sentences are in the active voice unless the
writer or speaker does not want to emphasis or mention the
doer because either:
١. the doer is understood as in: The thieves were
arrested. [There is no point in showing that the
doer is the police.]
٢. or the doer is unimportant or unknown as in:
The money was stolen.
_________________________________________________________________
٨٧

89. English Grammar _____________________________________________________
Form of the passive:
verb to be in the form of the
main verb
Reminder:
Infinitive
Write
Play
Put
+ the main verb in the pp
past
wrote
played
put
past participle (pp)
written
played
put
For a complete list, see appendix (C)
Examples:
١. The chairman suggests changes.
Changes are suggested by the chairman.
٢. The chairman suggested changes.
Changes were suggested by the chairman.
٣. The chairman has suggested changes.
Changes have been suggested by the chairman.
{or
Changes have been suggested. The by phrase
will only be used when necessary.}
Study the following table for the different forms of
verb to be some passive sentences.
٨٨ ________________________________________________________________

90. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Guide to forming the passive:
Passive of Verb Tenses:
The passive is formed by using the form of the helping
verb to be in whatever tense the writer selects and then
adding the past participle.
Verb-Tense Formation in the
Passive Voice
Example
Present :
am, is, are + past participle
Mail is delivered to the residence hall
every day except Sunday.
Present Progressive :
am being, is being, are being +
past participle
A new addition is being added to the
library.
Past :
was, were + past participle
The grades were posted by the teaching
assistant at ٣:٠٠ P.M.
Past Progressive :
was being, were being + past
participle
When I arrived at Wellman Hall, the
corrected problem sets were just being
distributed.
Present Perfect :
has been, have been + past
participle
I think the money has already been sent
electronically by the bank.
Past Perfect :
had been + past participle
All the food had been eaten when I
arrived at the potluck.
Future :
will be + past participle
The tests will be given back on
Thursday.
Future Perfect :
will have been + past participle
By the time you arrive at the concert
hall, all the free tickets will have been
given out.
_________________________________________________________________
٨٩

91. English Grammar _____________________________________________________
Passive of Modal Verb Phrases:
In a modal verb phrase, the passive is formed by
adding be + the past participle after the modal for the
present tense and have been + the past participle after the
modal for the past tense.
Modal Verb-Tense Formation in
Example
Passive Voice
Present :
Revision for spelling can easily be done
modal + be + past participle
on a computer.
Cheating on tests should be reported
to the Judicial Board.
Past :
modal + have been + past
participle
It is possible that the train could have
been delayed.
I think she should have been elected
chair of the committee.
Passive of Infinitives and Gerunds:
Infinitives in Passive Voice
Present infinitive :
to + be + past participle
Example
She arranged for the make-up test to
be given on Monday.
The results were supposed to have
Perfect infinitive :
to + have been + past participle been sent yesterday.
Gerunds:
Being + past participle
He did not like being called Jim
instead of James.
Being awakened in the middle of
the night by a telephone call upset
Ali.
After being told to go from one
office to another, Hassan finally
found where to turn in his financial
aid forms.
٩٠ ________________________________________________________________

92. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
Transitive vs Intransitive
The third element of the verb is whether:
- it is transitive (t.)
- or intransitive. (int.)
The transitive verb is that which has to have one or
two objects.
•
object
The boy bought a book
I
indirect object
gave my friend
direct object
a book.
If you stop after the verb, the sentence will not be
grammatically correct.
The intransitive verb is that which does not need an
object and so the meaning will be complete if you stop after
the verb.
• The girl is standing.
• They are sitting.
To know whether the verb is transitive or not you have to
look it up in a dictionary.
_________________________________________________________________
٩١

93. English Grammar _____________________________________________________
Exercises:
(A) Restate in the Passive Voice:
Examples: They prepared supper.
Supper was prepared.
Nobody speaks Russian here.
Russian is not
spoken here.
is
pp
was pp
is not pp
١. Somebody called the fire brigade.
٢. Nobody opened the door.
٣. People often prefer coffee for breakfast.
٤. Somebody opened the door early this morning.
٥. Somebody checks their names.
٦. Somebody will wake you at seven o’clock.
٧. They all expected the minister at three o’clock.
٨. People make mistakes sometimes.
٩. The public demands action.
١٠.
Somebody has broken John’s new vase.
١١.
One eats rice with chopsticks in the east.
١٢.
We serve the soup before the fish at dinner.
١٣.
A man supports his family as well as possible.
١٤.
The public reads many newspapers and magazines.
٩٢ ________________________________________________________________

94. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
١٥.
People use trains and buses to travel to work.
١٦.
Everybody drinks tea in England.
١٧.
One never mentions certain matters except in
private.
١٨.
Somebody will meet us at the station.
١٩.
We pack Dates here.
٢٠.
We respect the elders here.
٢١.
Shakespeare wrote Othello.
٢٢.
The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
٢٣.
Alex has suggested a new idea.
(B). Change the following active sentences to passive
sentences if possible. Include the "by phrase" only if
necessary:
١. They make these artificial flowers of silk.
_________________________________________________
________________
٢. Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife.
_________________________________________________
__________________
٣. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
_________________________________________________________________
٩٣

95. English Grammar _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
__________________
٤. We use this room only on special occasions.
_________________________________________________
__________________
٥. It is high time someone told him to stop behaving like a
child.
_________________________________________________
__________________
٦. A jellyfish stung him.
_________________________________________________
__________________
٧. Did the idea interest you?
_________________________________________________
__________________
٨. There was a sudden thunderstorm while they were on their
way to the tent.
_________________________________________________
_________________
٩. The police didn't escort the referee from the football field.
٩٤ ________________________________________________________________

96. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
_________________________________________________
__________________
١٠. He has proved this scientific theory to be false.
_________________________________________________
__________________
(C) Complete the sentences with the given verbs using active
or passive in the appropriate tense:
١. [give] The Nobel Prize for literature ______________
to Toni Morrison a few years ago.
٢. [do] Nothing _________________ about the problem,
even though it is getting serious.
٣. [not, install] A good air conditioner ______________
in my office yet.
٤. [shop] I ___________________________ around for a
good jacket later today.
٥. [make] He was angry with himself because he ______
a lot of mistakes.
٦. [feed] Babies ___________________ five times a day.
٧. [install] The company technician ________________
our new AC system right now.
٨. [check] Our new manager always ________ on
everything once he gets to the work place.
_________________________________________________________________
٩٥

97. English Grammar _____________________________________________________
٩. [file] So far Carol and Henry ____________________
six applications.
١٠.
[break]
My
vase
fell
to
the
floor
and
______________ into a hundred pieces.
١١.
[use] Our new secretary _______________ a
computer all the time.
١٢.
[inherit]
He's
excited
because
he
_________________ a lot of money recently.
(D). Circle the letter of the right answer:
١. All sorts of things ___________________ in buses.
a. leave
b. are leaving
c. are left
d. have left
٢. When I returned, I found that my car _________________
away because I had parked it under a No Parking sign.
a. had towed
b. had been towing
c. had been towed
d. towed
٣. Dogs guard the warehouse. The other day a thief
___________ to get in and a dog chased him out.
a. was tried
b. had been tried
c. tries
d. tried
٤. The man who _________________ by a snake was given
a serum.
a. bites
b. bit
٩٦ ________________________________________________________________

98. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
c. had bitten
d. had been bitten
٥. I found myself in an ____________ situation when I
spilled the coffee on my guest's clothes.
a. embarrassing
b. embarrassed
c. embarrass
d. embarrasses
٦. There was an accident, but nobody __________.
a. got hurt
b. get hurt
c. hurt
d. gets hurt
٧. Right now a patient ___________ in the other room.
a. is treating
b. is treated
c. is being treated
d. treats
٨. There was an explosion yesterday, but no one__________.
a. was hurt
b. had hurt
c. hurt
d. hurts
٩. We've been suffering from this problem for a long time.
Something must ___________.
a. do
b. have done
c. be done
d. be doing
١٠. These dishes ___________ right after the meal.
a. washed
b. were washed
c. had been washing
d. were washing
١١. My TV set ___________ twice since I bought it.
a. has fixed
b. have fixed
c. has been fixing
d. has been fixed
_________________________________________________________________
٩٧

99. English Grammar _____________________________________________________
(E) Rewrite the following sentences in the passive. Use "the
by phrase" only if necessary.
١. They owe a lot of money to the bank.
_________________________________________________
_________________
٢. Aerosol sprays have damaged the ozone layer.
_________________________________________________
_________________
٣. They constantly remind us that the world has become
smaller.
_________________________________________________
_________________
٤. Did they say anything of importance?
_________________________________________________
__
٩٨ ________________________________________________________________

100. ______________________________________________________ English Grammar
٥. Dell doesn't manufacture this type of computer anymore.
_________________________________________________
_________________
٦. They will not take a decision until the next meeting.
_________________________________________________
________________________
٧. The MP arrested the run-away soldiers.
_________________________________________________
________________________
٨. People should send their complaints to the head office
_________________________________________________
________________________
(F) Restate the following sentences in the passive voice.
١. The police questioned the three suspects early in the
morning.
_________________________________________________________________
٩٩

101. English Grammar _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________
٢. They always turn their papers in late.
_________________________________________________
_______________________
(G) Change the following sentences into the passive voice.
Use the by phrase only when necessary.
١. People speak about ٤٠٠٠ languages in the whole world.
_________________________________________________
___________________
٢. Ibrahim delivers our mail.
_________________________________________________
____________
٣. Someone has fixed my TV set twice.
_________________________________________________
___________________
٤. Dr. Martin didn't sign the complaint.
١٠٠ ________________________________________________________________