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Improving Ocean Literacy  By Teaching the  Geology of the Great Lakes David P. Lusch ,  Ph.D., GISP Dept. of Geography Michigan State University Online Workshop through the College of Exploration January-February, 2008
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20% of all the freshwater on Earth! Largest: 209,800 km 2 Deepest: 406 m max, 147 m avg Smallest: 82,990 km 2 depth: 244 m max, 86 m avg area: 103,700 km 2 Shallowest:   64 m max,  19 m avg area: 175,800 km 2 depth:   282 m max,  85 m avg area: 193,700 km 2 depth:   229 m max,  59 m avg One lake, surface  elev:  176 m
Everything yellow, brown, red or black  is below sea level!  (except in Lake Erie)
191 years 2.6 years Retention Times 6 years 99 years 22 years
 
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Rock Types in the Great Lakes Region Michigan Sedimentary Basin Canadian  Shield Mid-continent rift
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Mid-continent Rift of North America
The Mid-continent Rift of North America
Lower Great Lake Basins
Great Lakes Structural Geology
Great Lakes Structural Geology
Great Lakes Structural Geology Wisconsin Dome Thornton, IL Marblehead Freemont Kelleys Is Pelee Is Toledo
Michigan Structural Basin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Michigan Structural Basin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cambrian 500 Ma Equator N X
What a difference 20 million years makes! Mississippian  345 Ma Equator N Mississippian  325 Ma Equator N
[object Object],[object Object],Off-shore non-clastic zone Near-shore zone Off-shore clastic zone Wave energy  keeps fine clastic sediments in suspension No wave energy -  fine clastic  sediments settle out No wave energy -  no clastics  non-clastic sediments settle out Becomes sandstone Becomes shale Becomes  limestone/ dolostone
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Michigan Sedimentary Basin
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Niagaran Escarpment Rock Island , Wisconsin
Niagaran Escarpment Fayette State Park, Michigan
Niagaran Escarpment Bruce Peninsula, Ontario N Dip slope Scarp slope
Niagaran Escarpment Hwy 401 Kelso & Hilton Falls Conservation Areas,  Ontario
Niagaran Escarpment Hwy 401 Niagara Falls Lewiston, NY
Bathymetry of the  Lake Huron Basin
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[object Object],[object Object],The Glacial Great Lakes Proglacial Lake Ice Sheet
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Glacial Great Lakes
Glacial Lake Stages
Glacial Lake Stages Maumee Arkona Ypsilanti Low-Water Phase Whittlesey Warren Grassmere Lundy (Elkton) Early Algonquin Kirkfield Low-Water Phase Main Algonquin Post-Algonquin Stanley and Hough Nippissing Algoma Modern Greatlakean Stade Mackinaw Interstade Twocreekan Interstade Port Bruce Stade Port Huron Stade Glacial Lakes in the  Huron and Erie Basins
ISOSTATIC REBOUND ,[object Object]
Isostatic rebound evidence Nipissing wave cliff Algonquin  11,000 C 14  yrs 184.4 m  Nipissing  4500 C 14  yrs 184.4 m   51.8 m rise in 6500 yrs. Nipissing wave cliff Algonquin wave cliffs
The  End http://www.rsgis.msu.edu/

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Improving Ocean Literacy by Teaching the Geology of the Great Lakes