E-books and E-readers
Presented by
Virtual Options Coaching & Training

March 6, 2012

According to new research from
Digitimes Research, global shipments
of eReaders are predicted to reach 2
million units in the first quarter of 2012,
which is down from 9 million, which
shipped during the fourth quarter of
2011.

Definition & History

eBooks:

*  First produced by Project Gutenberg in
the 1970s
*  Had to be read using a computer until
late 1990s
*  Started out for small and very targeted
markets: technical manuals, etc.
*  Most books that were digitized were
already in the public domain

© 2012 Virtual Options LLC Proprietary Information All Rights Reserved

eReaders (standalone)

*  eReaders:
*  Came on the market in the late 1990s
*  Dedicated hardware devices for accessing e-books
*  Specifically designed for the reading experience
*  Are available for the general consumer to use
*  Market is dominated by only a few eReaders:

Amazon Kindle B&N Nook Sony Reader
($259) ($259) ($169-$399)


Other “readers”

eBooks are also available via other devices:

*  “Regular” computers
*  Laptops, netbooks
*  Smartphones
*  May need special
software applications


Possible document formats

Not all documents can be read on all devices.
*  Some possible formats include:
*  PDF
*  Broadband eBooks (BBeB): proprietary (Sony)
*  RTF
*  Amazon Whispernet (AZW): proprietary
(Amazon)
*  HTML


For Amazon Kindle, from wikipedia


Conversion

*  There are many proprietary and free ebook
converters that can convert documents to the
formats appropriate for the device you’re
using:
http://wiki.mobileread.com/wiki/E-book_conversion


Digital Rights Management
short version

DRM=limitations for the user
*  Prevents transferring, copying, printing, too many
downloads, etc.
*  Always check to see what limitations may come with
the document you’re purchasing/downloading
*  Consumer comments re: DRM:
*  “I call it a Swindle, not a Kindle”

DRM-free?
*  Project Gutenberg
*  Manybooks (link at end of presentation)


DRM-free e-books

http://drmfree.calibre-ebook.com/ http://www.gutenberg.org/

http://overdrive.com/ http://openlibrary.org/

Other (evolution of?) eReaders

ALA Midwinter TechSource webinar:

*  Blio (http://blioreader.com)
*  Free eReader software
*  Copia (http://www.thecopia.com)
*  Social eReading experience
*  Sophie (http://www.sophiecommons.org)
*  “Redefines the notion of a book”


Advantages

*  Books are cheaper (around $10)
*  Instantaneous access
*  Space saver
*  Environmentally friendly
*  Access to many out of copyright texts
*  Visual advantages for those with weak eyesight or for
reading in direct sunlight
*  Annotating/hyperlinking/etc.
*  Many have read-aloud features
*  Many have language
translation features


Disadvantages

*  Devices themselves are expensive
*  Obsolescence
*  Susceptibility to damage
*  All your “eggs” in one device
*  Content compatibility
*  Navigating tricky legal situations


Some Considerations

How are advantages/disadvantages resolved?
*  Consider:
*  Use
*  Lifestyle
*  Preference
*  Budget
*  Savviness


Resources
*  Horizon Report Resources:
http://delicious.com/tag/hz10+ebooks
*  Project Gutenberg:
http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Page
*  Scribd:
http://www.scribd.com
*  DailyLit:
http://dailylit.com
*  ManyBooks.Net
http://manybooks.net


https://secure.flickr.com/photos/libraryman/

http://www.christopherpnmaselli.com/2010/10/ebooks-amazon-kindle-and-apple-ipad-statistics/

New Research from Pew
Research Center

According to the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American
Life Project, 19% of adults now own a tablet computer
and 19% own an e-book reader, according to a survey
conducted this month, up from 10% ownership of tablets and
10% ownership of e-book readers.
Pew says 9% of adults now own both types of devices.


Demographic Profile
of tablet & e-book readers
*  educated and affluent.
*  highest rates of ownership are among consumers who
are college graduates
*  age 30-49
*  incomes of $75,000 or more
*  36% of adults with incomes of $75,000 or more own a
tablet now
*  31% own an e-book reader
*  rate of tablet ownership is equal for males and females
*  more women e-book reader owners (21%) than men
(16%).

Weeding
your physical
collection?

Yes? Donate these
books to Open Library.
More information at:
http://openlibrary.org/

“If libraries are no longer storage spaces, I
think they become knowledge
performance spaces.”
Source:
@rmazar

Share your space.
Foster collaboration.
Facilitate discovery.
“Rethink possible.”


The 2010: E-Book Buyer's Guide to E-Book Privacy answers the
following questions:

ü  Can they keep track of book searches, either on their website
or on the website of other e-book sources?
ü  Can they monitor what you're reading and how you're
reading it after purchase and link that information back to
you? Can they do that when the e-book is obtained
elsewhere?
ü  Does the device have limited compatibility with books not
purchased from an associated eBook store?
ü  Can they keep track of book purchases? Can they track book
purchses or acquisitions made from other sources?
ü  With whom can they share the information collected in non-
aggregated form?
ü  Can they share information outside the company without the
customer's consent?
ü  Do they lack mechanisms for customers to access, correct, or
delete the information? Source:
http://goo.gl/SwsNB

The E-book User’s Bill of Rights

*  the right to use e-books under guidelines that favor
access over proprietary limitations.

*  the right to access e-books on any technological
platform, including the hardware and software the
user chooses.

*  the right to annotate, quote passages, print, and share
e-book content within the spirit of fair use and
copyright.

*  the right of the first-sale doctrine extended to digital
content, allowing the e-book owner the right to retain,
archive, share, and re-sell purchased e-books.
Read more at:
http://goo.gl/YiTb9

Book Discovery/Recommendations


QR (Quick Response) codes can help guide mobile users in your
physical spaces come visit your digital library spaces.


Broward County’s
idea. The key is to at
least try something
new.


Idea: Offering free workshops for the public
and ask people to bring their devices!


Idea: Help local authors
get published


A complete self-publishing
platform.

Converting text to EPUB format using Calibre

Upload local content to
“Community Reserve.”


Idea: mention to
out-of-state library
patrons to find out
what e-book
vendor[s] their library
uses and search for a
cheat sheet online.
Or ask a librarian for
help.
Be ready!!
http://overdrive.com/files/
ebook-cheat-sheet.pdf

Popular E-book Vendors/
Platforms
3M Cloud Freading
Library Gale Virtual
Axis 360 Reference Library
Blio MyILibrary
Books 24X7 OpenLibrary (not a
EBL (E-book vendor)
Library) OverDrive
eBrary Project Gutenberg
EBSCO (not a vendor)
Safari Books Online

The key is to practice. Use your e-
reading device often, explore its
functions, and read the FAQs.

Four Main ebook formats

*  There are four main ebook formats at
present.
*  Mobipocket
*  Topaz
*  ePub
*  PDF
*  The Amazon Kindle uses Mobipocket and
Topaz and it also supports native PDF
format ebooks and native PDF files.
*  Other ebook readers mostly use ePub
format ebooks, but with differing DRM
schemes. © 2012 Virtual Options LLC Proprietary Information All Rights Reserved

*  There are three main
ebook DRM
schemes in common
use today, one each
from Adobe, Apple,
and the Marlin Trust
Management
Organization
(MTMO)


*  Two PC and Macintosh software programs to
view e-books are
Adobe Reader and Microsoft Reader.[43] Each program uses
a slightly different approach to DRM. The first version of Adobe
Acrobat e-book Reader to have encryption technologies was
version 5.05. In the later version 6.0, the technologies of the
PDF reader and the e-book reader were combined, allowing it
to read both DRM-restricted and unrestricted files.


*  Microsoft Reader, which exclusively reads e-books in
a .lit format, contains its own DRM software. In
Microsoft Reader, there are three different levels of
access control depending on the e-book:
*  sealed e-books,
*  inscribed e-books
*  owner exclusive e-books.
*  Sealed e-books have the least amount of
restriction and only prevent the document from
being modified.

Said another way…

*  a system for protecting the copyrights of data
circulated via the Internet or other digital
media by enabling secure distribution and/or
disabling illegal distribution of the data.
*  a DRM system protects intellectual property by
either encrypting the data so that it can only
be accessed by authorized users or marking
the content with a digital watermark or similar
method so that the content can not be freely
distributed.

Products with DRM

*  Certain categories of products are disproportionately
impacted by DRM. When you're considering buying a
product in one of these categories, it's a good idea to
do a quick search (on Defective by Design or the web
at large).
*  Music
*  Movies (see: bluray)
*  ebooks (see: Kindle Swindle)
*  Computers (Mac and Windows)
*  Mobile phones (e.g. the iPhone)
*  Games

Microsoft Reader

*  The most stringent form of security that Microsoft Reader
offers is called owner exclusive e-books, which uses
traditional DRM technologies.
*  To buy the e-book the consumer must first open
Microsoft Reader, which ensures that when the book is
downloaded it becomes linked to the computer's
Microsoft Passport account. Thus the e-book can only be
opened with the computer with which it was
downloaded, preventing copying and distribution of the
text.


With Printed Books…

*  You can buy one with cash, anonymously.
*  Then you own it.
*  You are not required to sign a license that restricts your use of it.
*  The format is known, and no proprietary technology is needed
to read the book.
*  You can give, lend or sell the book to another.
*  You can, physically, scan and copy the book, and it's
sometimes lawful under copyright.
*  Nobody has the power to destroy your book.


Contrast that with
Amazon e-books (fairly typical)

*  Amazon requires users to identify themselves to get an e-book.
*  In some countries, including the US, Amazon says the user cannot own the e-
book.
*  Amazon requires the user to accept a restrictive license on use of the e-book.
*  The format is secret, and only proprietary user-restricting software can read it at
all.
*  An ersatz "lending" is allowed for some books, for a limited time, but only by
specifying by name another user of the same system. No giving or selling.
*  To copy the e-book is impossible due to Amazon can remotely delete the e-
book using a back door. It used this back door in 2009 to delete thousands of
copies of George Orwell's 1984.
Digital Restrictions Management in the player and prohibited by the license, which
is more restrictive than copyright law.


An Argument against e-books..
http://DefectiveByDesign.org/ebooks.html

*  Even one of these infringements makes e-books a step backward
from printed books. We must reject e-books until they respect our
freedom.
*  The e-book companies say denying our traditional freedoms is
necessary to continue to pay authors. The current copyright system
supports those companies handsomely and most authors badly. We
can support authors better in other ways that don't require curtailing
our freedom, and even legalize sharing. Two methods I've suggested
are:
*  To distribute tax funds to authors based on the cube root of each
author's popularity. See http://stallman.org/articles/internet-sharing-license.en.html.
*  E-books need not attack our freedom (Project Gutenberg's e-books
don't), but they will if companies get to decide. It's up to us to stop
them.

Key Concerns for Libraries

DRM, if not carefully balanced, limits the ability of
libraries and schools to serve the information
needs of their users and their communities in
several ways by:

Eliminating the “First sale” doctrine

by limiting the secondary transfer of works to
others. First sale has been for centuries a
bedrock principle governing the balance of
rights between consumers and sellers of
information products. It is first sale that allows
people to share a favorite book or CD with a
friend and that creates secondary markets for
works. It is first sale that allows libraries to loan
lawfully acquired works to the public.
http://www.ala.org/advocacy/copyright/digitalrights

Enforcing a “Pay-per-use” model of
information dissemination

that, if it becomes the dominant or even sole
mode of access, will be contrary to the public
purposes of copyright law. It should not be the
business of government to favor or enforce any
particular business model in the information
marketplace, particularly one that raises major
issues of equity and potentially severe economic
consequences for public institutions.


Enforcing time limits or other limitations of use
that prevent preservation and archiving.

Many market models of DRM distribution systems envision content
that essentially disappears after a specific period of time or number
of uses.
DRM technologies can also prevent copying content into new
formats. Such controls will prevent libraries, historical archives,
museums, research institutions, and other cultural institutions from
preserving and providing long-term access to the knowledge
products of our society.
From the days of the Great Library of Alexandria, society has turned
to such institutions to preserve its cultural heritage and provide
access to it. There is no evidence that alternative organizations
currently exist or will form to play that role in the digital pay-per-use
world. http://www.ala.org/advocacy/copyright/digitalrights

Eliminating “fair use” and other exceptions in
Copyright Law that underpin education,
criticism, and scholarship.

DRM technology can prevent normal uses of
works protected by copyright law, such as
printing or excising portions for quotation. For
libraries and schools to serve their educational,
research, and information roles, the public must
be able to use works in the full range of ways
envisioned by the Copyright Act in its
limitations and exceptions.


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