Full Spectrum Stewardship of the Scholarly Record by Brian E. C. Schottlaender, University of California San Diego

FULL-SPECTRUM STEWARDSHIP
OF THE SCHOLARLY RECORD
Brian E. C. Schottlaender
The Audrey Geisel University Librarian
UC San Diego

Scholarly
Publishing
(e.g., journal
articles)
Scholarly Raw
Material
(e.g., archives, data)
“THE SCHOLARLY RECORD”
Archives
Data Centers
Libraries
Stable
Infrastructures
largely
self-contained
::: BECS ::: 2Charleston Conference 2010.11.05
Trusted Third Parties
(e.g., JSTOR, Portico)
Less Stable
[Some in Libraries; Some Not]
“Scholarly” =
Scholarly & Scientific
Scholarly
Inquiry/Discourse
(e.g., blogs, wikis,
open notebooks
?????
Very unstable
Emergent
INPUTS OPERATORS OUTPUTS

ROSS ATKINSON …
• Defined the scholarly record as “… that which has
already been written in all disciplines ... that stable
body of graphic information, upon which each
discipline bases its discussions, and against which each
discipline measures its progress.”
• Went on to observe that “the definition of the record—
the designation of those publications which should
constitute the record—has always been one of the
library’s primary social and epistemological
functions.”
— “Text Mutability and Collection Administration.”
Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory,
Vol. 14 (1990)

DEFINITION
• “Spectrum”
1. Any of various continua that resemble a
spectrum in consisting of an ordered
arrangement by a particular characteristic.
2. A continuous sequence or range.
— Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate
Dictionary, 10th ed.

MORE DEFINITIONS
• “Stewardship”
The careful and responsible management of
something entrusted to one’s care.
• “Epistemology”
The study or a theory of the nature and grounds of
knowledge, esp. with reference to its limits and
validity.
— Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate
Dictionary, 10th ed.

ROSS ATKINSON
Defined the scholarly record as …
“… that which has already been written in all
disciplines ... that stable body of graphic information,
upon which each discipline bases its discussions, and
against which each discipline measures its progress.”
Vol. 14 (1990)

TYPES OF DIGITAL SCHOLARLY RESOURCES
• E-only journals
• Reviews
• Preprints and working papers
• Encyclopedias, dictionaries, and annotated
content
— Nancy L. Maron & K. Kirby Smith.
Current Models of Digital Scholarly
Communication: Results of an Investigation
Conducted by Ithaka for the Association of
Research Libraries (November 2008)

Scholarly
Publishing
(e.g., journal
articles)
Libraries
Stable

• E-only journals
• Reviews
• Encyclopedias, dictionaries, and annotated
content
• Data resources

Scholarly
Publishing
(e.g., journal
articles)
Scholarly Raw
Material
Archives
Data Centers Libraries
Stable
Infrastructures
largely
self-contained
Less Stable
“Scholarly” =

• E-only journals
• Reviews
• Encyclopedias, dictionaries, and annotated content
• Data resources
• Blogs
• Discussion forums
• Professional and academic hubs

Scholarly
Publishing
(e.g., journal
articles)
Scholarly Raw
Material
Archives
Data Centers Libraries
Stable
Infrastructures
largely
self-contained
Less Stable
“Scholarly” =
Scholarly
Inquiry/Discourse
open notebooks
?????
Very unstable
Emergent

Scholarly
Publishing
(e.g., journal
articles)
Scholarly Raw
Material
Archives
Data Centers
Libraries
Stable
Infrastructures
largely
self-contained
Less Stable
“Scholarly” =
Scholarly
Inquiry/Discourse
open notebooks
?????
Very unstable
Emergent
INPUTS OPERATORS OUTPUTS

ROSS ATKINSON …
Observed that …
“… the definition of the record—the designation of
those publications which should constitute the
record—has always been one of the library’s primary
social and epistemological functions.”
Vol. 14 (1990)

STEWARDSHIP
• “Stewardship is a core value that includes notions of mission,
responsibility, integrity, trust, accountability, service, preservation and
sustainability for future use.”
— Sharon E. Farb. “Libraries, Licensing, and
the Challenge of Stewardship.”
First Monday, Vol. 11, No. 7 (3 July 2006)
• “Librarians are the natural stewards of the scholarly record, concerning
themselves not only with selecting and providing access to the best
research materials that their budgets allow, but in preserving those
materials for the use of future generations.”
—Diane Gurman. “Why Lakoff Still Matters:
Framing the Debate on Copyright Law and
Digital Publishing.”
First Monday, Vol. 14, No. 6 (1 June 2009)

STEWARDSHIP
• “As a society and as educational institutions,
we have a collective responsibility to preserve
and make available, along a continuum of a life
cycle, our digital heritage.”
— Jeffrey L. Horrell. “Converting and
Preserving the Scholarly Record:
An Overview.”
LRTS, Vol. 52, No 1 (January 2008)

STEWARDSHIP MODELS 1
::: BECS ::: Charleston Conference 2010.11.05 17
Study
Concept &
Design
Data
Collection
Data
Processing
Data
Access &
Dissemination Analysis
Research
Outcomes
KT
Cycle
Data
Data
Discovery
Data
Repurposing
Charles Humphrey, in
To Stand the Test of Time—Long-Term Stewardship of Digital
Data Sets in Science and Engineering: A Report to the
National Science Foundation from the ARL Workshop on
New Collaborative Relationship (2006)

Carole Goble et al.
“Data Curation + Process
Curation = Data
Integration + Science.”
Briefings in Bioinformatics,
Vol. 9, No. 6 (6 December 2008)

Panos Constantopoulos,et al.
“DCC&U: An Extended Digital
Curation Lifecycle Model.”
The International Journal of
Digital Curation, Issue 1, Vol. 4
(2009)

Stewardship
• Historically, universities have played a leadership role in the
advancement of knowledge and shouldered substantial
responsibility for the long-term preservation of knowledge
through their university libraries. An expanded role for some
research and academic libraries and universities, along with
other partners, in digital data stewardship is a topic for critical
debate and affirmation.
• The scale of the challenge regarding the stewardship of digital
data requires that responsibilities be distributed across multiple
entities and partnerships that engage institutions, disciplines, and
interdisciplinary domains.
—To Stand the Test of Time (2006)

Stewardship
• There is a need for a close linking between digital data archives,
scholarly publications, and associated communication. The
potential for an expanded role for research libraries in the area of
digital data stewardship affords opportunities to address these
important linkages.
• Stakeholder groups have different expertise, outlooks,
assumptions, and motivations … Forging partnerships will require
transcending and reconciling cultural differences. Collaboration
models to share expertise and resources will be critical.
—To Stand the Test of Time (2006)

• E-only journals
• Reviews
• Encyclopedias, dictionaries, and annotated content
• Data resources
• Blogs
• Discussion forums
• Professional and academic hubs

PROCESSES
• Design
• Creation or Collection
• Processing
• Analysis
• Appraisal
• Selection
• Description
• Discovery
• Dissemination
• Repurposing
• Storage
• Preservation
• Etc.

ACTORS/STAKEHOLDERS
• Disciplinary experts
• Functional experts
– Developers
– Curators
– Preservationists
• Users
• Archives
• Data Centers
• Libraries
• Institutions
• Professional Societies
• Publishers
• Governments

Full Spectrum Stewardship of the Scholarly Record by Brian E. C. Schottlaender, University of California San Diego

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Full Spectrum Stewardship of the Scholarly Record by Brian E. C. Schottlaender, University of California San Diego