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1. Breeding of Climbing Beans for Biotic Resistance and
Nutritional Quality
M. W. Blair, F. Monserrate, P. Kimani, R. Chirwa, A. Musoni, A. Namayanja
R. Buruchara. I. Wagara, G. Mosquera, C. Jara, S. Beebe, C. Cajiao, I. Roa, M. Castaño, F. Morales
CIAT - International Center for Tropical Agriculture, ECABREN, SABRN, Univ. Nairobi, ISAR-Rwanda, NARO-Uganda
Introduction Figures and Photographs
Climbing beans have certain advantages and needs from a breeding
perspective
Advantages:
Climbing beans have been an important component of traditional agriculture in Central and
South America for centuries and have spread to highland areas of East Africa.
The most outstanding characteristic of climbing beans is their high yield potential (up to 4,750
kg / ha). They can be grown even in small spaces such as backyard gardens.
Climbing beans create a highly productive, sustainable agricultural ecosystem that provides
ground cover, good weed control, high biomass and elevated nitrogen fixation.
Climbing beans can come in many commercial classes some of which command premium
prices and are a valuable source of employment due to continuous harvest (green and dry beans).
They are therefore a good alternative for small farms and for producers who need a valuable
crop for both food security and income generation.
Figure 2. Pod and seed colors typical of the Andean climbing beans developed in
Breeding Needs: the MAC (mid-altitude climber) and MBC (mid-altitude BCMNV resistant) series.
The majority of climbing beans come from high elevation (1500 masl +) cool-growing
environments and have never been selected in lower elevation (500 –1500 masl) for heat
tolerance and adaptation. They also have not been subjected to intense breeding yet so are Figure 3. MAC climbing
lacking many modern disease or insect resistance genes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to Figure 4. MBC line nurseries selected with marker assisted selection
beans – derived from
develop more mid-altitude climbing (MAC) beans with valuable new traits. for bc-3 resistance and mid-elevation adaptation.
Durango or Andean bush x
Andean climber crosses
Breeding Process Pedigrees
Breeding process involves multiple cycles of selection for adaptation to low
elevations (1000 to 1500 msal), to biotic resistance through marker assisted MAM39 x ICA Viboral
selection (for BCMNV resistance) and for prevalent disease isolates (ALS and Puebla 444 x ICA Viboral
root rots) as well as for nutritional quality in each cycle and in multiple AND930 x ICA Viboral
generations. SUG92 x ICA Viboral
Rojo 70 x LAS399
Development of MNC and NUC lines
(Mid-altitude and Nutrition Climbers) Flor de Mayo x LAS399
100 DRK49 x LAS399
Triple, double Figure 5. Selection for productivity and new seed colours (e.g. yellow)
and backcrosses Crosses with inter- Dore de Kirundo x LAS399
with MAC and
Development of MBC lines
specifics LAS399 x ICA Viboral
80 MBC lines
through MAS
Iron (ppm)
Deevelopment
(bc-3 gene) Screening for ALS resistance Best MAC lines
(AND277, G5686, G10474,
65 of MAC lines G10909 and MEX 54) MAC7
and
Identification of Biofortified varieties should have
MAC12
donor parents
the agronomic characteristics of MAC13
50 the MAC and MBC lines as well
as enhanced nutritional quality
MAC27
MAC34
MAC49
2004 2008 2012 2016 MAC35
Cycles of selection MAC56
MAC57
Figure 1. Scheme for development of MBC, MNC and NUC lines in MAC64 Figure 6. Final users are researchers and farmers in the ECABREN/ SABRN regions such as this
the climbing bean breeding program. seller of MAC12 in Mozambique, and MAC49 seed multiplication and a bean farmer in Rwanda.
Strategies and Methods Future Directions Varietal Releases (final success)
success)
Nutritional evaluation has been conducted across various labs (Aarhus Univ. Incorporation of the full set of donor parents will take time but is underway
(Denmark), Adelaide (Australia), CIAT (Analytical Services), Cornell (USDA Country Genotype Seed Institutions
lab), Univ. Narobi (Kenya). Angular leaf spot (ALS) and bean common mosaic Color
necrosis virus (BCMNV) evaluations along with marker assisted selection
(MAS) for resistance (R) genes is being conducted in CIAT laboratories and at Donor parents for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn)
Donor parents for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn)
Donor parents for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) Colombia MAC13, MBC46 RM IPRA / CIAT
field sites in Colombia, Kenya, Malawi and Uganda. Adaptation in D.R.
Congo and Rwanda has been tested in various locations. Core collection genotypes: G14519, G21242, G23823E
Core collection genotypes: G14519, G21242, G23823E
Core collection genotypes: G14519, G21242, G23823E
Evaluation across mineral methods: Local Varieties: e.g. AND620 (ECABREN), Cerinza (Colombia)
Local Varieties: e.g. AND620 (ECABREN), Cerinza (Colombia)
Local Varieties: e.g. AND620 (ECABREN), Cerinza (Colombia)
Kenya MAC13, 34, 64 CM/LR/ Univ. Nairobi /
RM KARI / Egerton
Advanced bush bean lines: BID29, BID115, NUA35, NUA56 …
Advanced bush bean lines: BID29, BID115, NUA35, NUA56 …
Advanced bush bean lines: BID29, BID115, NUA35, NUA56 …
University
Sufficient variability exists
Sufficient variability exists
Sufficient variability exists
Malawi pending CM/RM SABRN
AAS Effect of iron and zinc increase does not decrease
Effect of iron and zinc increase does not decrease
Effect of iron and zinc increase does not decrease
yields or acceptability when used in crosses
yields or acceptability when used in crosses
yields or acceptability when used in crosses
ICP Mozamb. pending RM SABRN
NIRS Rwanda MAC9, 44, 49 RM ISAR
G14519 G23823E RADICAL
RADICAL
RADICAL
G14519
G14519 G23823E
G23823E G21242
G21242 NUA35
NUA35
G21242 CERINZA NUA35
CERINZA
CERINZA Uganda MAC31 (Sug 31) CM NARO / CIAT
Preference experiments NABE12
Pyramiding into climbing beans is a challenge given
Cooking time / taste the need to make complex crosses and engage in
gamete selection combined with up to six generations Acknowledgements
Hard-to-cook of pedigree selection to obtain stability. Funding from CIAT core, CIDA-Canada, DFID-UK, DANIDA-Denmark,
Harvest Plus program and USAID-USA are gratefully acknowledged.
Fotos from M. Blair, N. Palmer and R. Chirwa.