This document summarizes a lecture on collaborative healthcare education given by Dr. Karen Pardue and Dr. Shelley Cohen Konrad at the University of New England. It discusses Mary Switzer as a pioneer of interprofessional collaboration. It outlines the importance of interprofessional education (IPE) in advancing patient care and controlling costs. IPE principles from organizations like the WHO and IOM are presented. Studies show IPE reduces stereotypes and improves understanding of roles. The University of New England's IPE initiatives for students and faculty are described, including case-based learning using the example of patient Pat Chalmers.
2. Mary Switzer (1900-1971) was an interprofessional
collaborative leader before her time. She supported
cross-disability programs and was active in drafting the
constitution of the World Health Organization. She was
an advocate and global voice for people with
disabilities and for those who served their rehabilitative
and recovery needs.
3. World Health Organization (2010)
“Once students understand how to work
interprofessionally, they are ready to enter
the workplace as a member of the
collaborative practice team.”
•
•
4. WHY IPE IS IMPORTANT?
To advance the aim
of improving
health of the
population,
enhancing patient
care and
controlling costs
To close the gap
between health
education and
practice settings by
aligning their
needs and
interests
5. IPE – Guiding Principles
http://www.aacn.nche.edu/education-resources/IPECReport.pdf
World Health
Organization
Canadian
Interprofessional
Health Collaborative
Institute of
Medicine
U. S.
Interprofessional
Expert Panel
6. “It is clear that how care is delivered is as important as
what care is delivered.” (IOM, 2001)
___________________________________________
Content
WHAT
Discipline
Expertise
Process
IP Communication
Caring Practice
HOW
7. Roles & Responsibilities
• Communicate one’s roles and responsibilities
• Engage diverse healthcare professionals to meet the needs
of patients, families and populations.
• Use unique and complementary abilities of all members of
the team, to optimize patient care.
Physical
Occupational
Emotional
Vocational
8. Values & Ethics
• Place the interests of patients and populations at the
center of health care.
• Respect unique cultural values and perspectives of
individuals, populations, and health professionals.
9. Communication
• Use respectful and appropriate communication in all
situations.
• Listen actively and encourage ideas and opinions of
all team members.
10. Teams & Teamwork
• Work with others to deliver patient-centered,
community-responsive care.
• Integrate knowledge and experience of other
professions to inform effective clinical, ethical, and
systems-based decisions.
11. Collaborative Leadership
• Strong leaders value contributions of all health team
members’ and also those of the patient, family, and
community.
• Leaders facilitate contributions from all team
members and build support for working together.
13. Contact Hypothesis - Framework
Attitudinal Change is fostered when students
learn together
•
•
•
•
•
Cooperation
Teamwork
Reduction of Stereotypes
Enhanced Role Understanding
Mutual Respect
(Allport, 1979; Hewstone & Brown, 1986)
14. Contact Hypothesis- Conditions
• Equal Status
• Positive Cooperative
Atmosphere
• Active work towards
common goal
• Discovery of Similarities
& Differences
• Faculty Modeling
• Expressed Institutional
Value
15. Contact Hypothesis- Methodology
• Learning with Others
reduces assumptions,
stereotypes and
misunderstanding
• Resolves cognitive
dissonance
• Relationships &
Friendships
• Emotional Connection
• Role Empathy
I have seen significant
changes in attitudes
from the students who
are working in teams. I
have heard each student
say “ I NOW value the
role of …..X…” in patient
care…..I NOW
understand my ability to
work more closely with
….X”.
I think this change could
have profound impact in
the future. DM-Faculty
16. Contact Hypothesis Testing
Undergraduate H/P Students
Before & After Enrollment in IPE Course
Statement
(N=167 matched pair)
Pre
M
Post
M
t
p
value
Learning w/ students from other
h/p is likely to facilitate future
working relationships
2.09
1.86
2.80
.006
Learning w/ other h/p students
is likely to overcome
stereotypes that are held about
the different professions
2.01
1.72
3.53
.001
Learning w/ students from other
h/p is a positive learning
experience
1.76
1.61
2.13
.035
Learning w/ students from other
h/p is likely to improve service
for the patient/client
1.80
1.57
3.18
.002
Pollard et al., 2004. University of West England IPQ
17. IPE Initiatives - Students
The University will have integrated
educational, research, science and
service programs that are based on
collaborative, interdisciplinary
partnerships. UNE will continue to be
the primary educator of healthcare
professionals for the state of Maine.
Health science programs will
embrace and promote a patientcentered approach to educating
osteopathic physicians and
healthcare professionals.
Interprofessional programs promote
learning in integrative ways.
UNE Vision 2017
21. IPE Initiatives – Innovative Models
UNE is committed to providing
continuing education and training
opportunities in interprofessional
education and care for campusbased faculty, clinical preceptors,
and community partners.
Learning about, from and with
each other ensures that educators
and practitioners appropriately
practice and model IPE principles
and values
25. Patricia Chalmers, 31
Patricia (Pat) Chalmers is a 31-year-old woman who prides herself on
self-sufficiency and resourcefulness. She works part-time as a
bookkeeper and gets paid to take care of her aging grandmother with
whom she lives.
Pat describes herself as having been a caretaker since adolescence. It is
therefore difficult for her to acknowledge her own needs or to seek
others for help.
Pat is tired of people commenting on her weight, diet, and need to
exercise. She avoids health care as much as possible because she
knows she’ll be told to lose weight or be blamed for “being fat” (her
words). “I know what risks I face” she says. “But I’ve tried everything
and nothing works. I’ve accepted my size and would like others to
respect that.”
Pat found herself in the ED with a broken ankle several months ago.
The break was significant enough to require surgery. Labs revealed
elevated glucose levels and surgery was put off until further tests could
be done to determine whether Pat might have diabetes. When asked
about this possibility, Pat reacted strongly. “I don’t have the time or
money for diabetes,” she explained.
26. Questions
1. What do we know about Pat?
2. What health professions might contribute to
Pat’s rehabilitation and recovery?
3. How can Pat’s case be used to educate health
professions students in IPE competencies?
4. How can Pat’s case be used for health
professions faculty development?
30. The Nexus
The next step forward is to increase the link between
future healthcare employers and campus-based
interprofessional educational initiatives.
32. Student Reflection
Working in an interprofessional health system is not only beneficial
to the patient, but also to everyone on the team… each
professional learns from the other and they also can discuss their
roles and responsibilities. … having various roles and
responsibilities, they are able to work together with a common goal
of providing the utmost care and maintaining the well being of a
patient. Having a collaborative work environment with involvement
from different health care professionals allows for a solution to any
problem that may arise in a healthcare setting.
Jeby Mathew, Pharmacy Student fall 2013
33. Faculty Reflections
“The more we work interprofessionally, the more
apparent it becomes that we face tremendously
challenging health care issues that can only be
solved through collaboration and teamwork.
There is momentum to our interprofessional
efforts that appears unstoppable.”
Jan Froehlich, OT Faculty
34. Mary Switzer: Agent for Culture Change
“She was extraordinary and she … was indefatigable and a political
courtesan with tremendous powers of persuasion. She had charm …
she was bright and decisive.” (Verville, 2009)
Social Work
Public Health
Rehabilitative Medicine
Mental Health
36. Shelley Cohen Konrad PhD, LCSW
Karen Pardue, PhD, RN, CNE, ANEF
University of New England
716 Stevens Avenue
Portland, ME 04103
scohenkonrad@une.edu
kpardue@une.edu
Notas do Editor
The National Center for Interprofessional Practice & Education at the University of Minnesota is leading the national effort
Describe someone who exemplifies strong leadership. What qualities do they possess?
Self-selected faculty from each of the health professions participated in curriculum development to ensure the relevancy & accuracy of Pat’s storyCollaborative curriculum development helped faculty discover their commonalities and create strategies for moving forward to enact change in the education of health professions students Faculty as actors in another discipline
The purpose of COMPtime is to demonstrate UNE's IPE priorities to graduate students, new faculty, and faculty teaching within the IPEC curriculum. The modules will deliver multi-media explanations and demonstrations of the four core competencies: knowledge of the roles and responsibilities of other health professions interprofessional and interpersonal communication teamwork ethics, patient-centeredness, and collaborative leadership.