1. State
of
the
Art
Review
Paper
1
State of the Art Review Paper
Drury University
Brett Henderson

2. State
of
the
Art
Review
Paper
2
Communication
discipline
has
been
ever
changing
over
the
years,
and
it’s
not
going
to
stop
any
time
soon.
Georgette
Wang
in
an
article
written
in
2011
says,
“Unlike
most
disciplines,
communication
studies
have
since
their
heyday
been
kidnapped
by
the
development
of
media
technologies.
To
discuss
the
centrality
of
communication
discipline
in
this
era
of
dazzling
technological
change
is
therefore
more
like
attempting
to
sketch
a
train
as
it
shoots
by.”
(pg.
1)
The
paradigm
that
everyone
was
accustomed
to
is
no
longer
anywhere
to
be
found
with
the
recent
surge
of
mass
communication.
We
need
to
start
the
process
of
a
paradigm
shift
because
of
inadequacies
of
the
existing
dominant
paradigm
in
guiding
communication
studies.
The
technological
change
has
been
taking
place
for
two
decades,
but
it
has
just
now
caught
up
with
the
communication
discipline.
Along
with
the
changes
in
technology,
another
change
in
discipline
regarding
communication
paradigm
would
be
the
trend
of
globalization.
According
to
research
done
by
Wang,
newspaper
circulation
recorded
phenomenal
growth
in
Africa,
Asia,
and
Latin
America
while
significant
decline
in
North
America
and
Europe.
Wang
talks
about
communication
studies
and
how
they
were
founded
in
the
west
and
then
introduced
to
the
rest
of
the
world.
With
the
studies
showing
the
increase
in
newspaper
circulation
in
certain
parts
of
the
world,
and
the
decrease
in
the
west,
the
death
of
the
newspaper
is
almost
certain.
With
the
rest
of
the
world
following
what
North
America
and
Europe
do
they
will
soon
follow
them
in
to
the
technological
world
as
well.
Even
though
the
rest
of
the
world
hasn’t
gone
completely
to
broadband
subscription,
they
have
expanded
the
mobile
cellular
subscriptions
at
an
incredible

3. State
of
the
Art
Review
Paper
3
rate.
According
to
the
research
done
by
Wang,
cellular
subscriptions
are
up
to
73%
of
the
world
at
the
end
of
2010
compared
to
53
percent
at
the
end
of
2005.
With
the
increase
growth
in
mobile
news
and
the
outdated
newspaper
in
North
America
and
Europe
the
paradigm
shift
is
already
taking
place.
Georgette
Wang
states
that,
“It
is
important
to
note
here
that
paradigm
generally
reflects
more
closely
the
needs,
values,
aspirations,
and
world
views
of
the
historic,
social,
and
cultural
context
that
has
nurtured
it.”
(Pg.
3)
The
same
paradigm
that
is
running
communication
in
the
west,
according
to
Wang,
is
the
same
that
is
currently
dictating
it
at
the
global
level.
This
is
why
the
paradigm
is
shifting
worldwide;
it
all
starts
with
the
communication
shift
in
the
west,
and
trickles
out
to
the
rest
of
the
world.
“To
establish
dialogue
with
the
rest
of
the
global
academic
community
and
contribute
to
theoretical
discourse,
researchers
in
Asia,
Africa,
and
Latin
America
need
to
recognize
the
value
and
relevance
of
their
cultural
heritage
to
communication
research
and
the
potential
of
their
unique
media
and
communication
matters
in
developing
new
methods,
theories,
and
paradigms.”
In
order
to
keep
the
world
on
the
right
track
of
communication
discipline,
we
need
get
away
from
the
“west”
and
“non-­‐west”
cultural
perception
of
research.
Wang’s
final
statement
of
the
article,
Paradigm
shift
and
the
Centrality
of
Communication
Discipline,
adds
on
to
what
I
had
been
researching
when
it
comes
to
discipline.
“
To
establish
the
centrality
of
discipline,
we
need
a
dominant
paradigm
that
can
effectively
guide
and
frame
research.
Yet
the
inadequacies
of
the
existing
paradigm
in
responding
to
the
major
changes
in
media
and
communication
studies
are
increasingly
visible.
New
theoretical
frameworks
are
called
for,
but
before
it
can
happen,
we
need
to
face
paradigmatic
issues.
This
is

4. State
of
the
Art
Review
Paper
4
the
time
to
consider
a
paradigm
shift.”
(pg.
6)
The
world
of
communication
is
already
shifting;
it’s
time
for
the
paradigm
to
change
with
it.
In
the
article,
Shifting
Paradigms:
Decentering
the
Discourse
of
Mass
Communication
Research,
Hanno
Hardt
researches
the
decentralizing
of
communication
discipline.
Hanno
states,
“Decentering
of
mass
communication
research
as
a
discursive
formation
by
an
alternative
cultural
discourse
that
challenges
its
dominant
ideology
with
return
to
communication
as
an
emancipatory
practice,
guided
by
the
subjective
nature
of
theory,
the
centrality
of
human
agency,
and
the
permanent
critique
of
social,
political,
and
economic
conditions
of
communication.”
(pg.
1)
He
says
that
the
decentering
of
mass
communication
occurred
under
the
influence
of
modernist
and
postmodernist
European
ideas.
They
use
culture,
ideology,
power,
and
language
in
the
study
of
social
formations.
Hardt
also
realizes
there
are
something’s
that
won’t
always
work
for
decentralizing
communication.
“It
would
be
foolish
to
suggest,
however,
that
decentering
mass
communication
research
has
resulted
in
terminating
universal
or
general
claims
to
authoritative
knowledge
of
communication
and
media,
and
that
mass
communication
research
in
its
institutional
guise
of
journalism
and
mass
communication
has
joined
in
sustained
critique
of
media
practices
or
embraced
a
critical
pedagogy
for
the
benefit
of
future
intellectual
work.”
(pg.
6)
Decentralizing
communication
research
would
work
as
part
of
solving
the
new
paradigm
shift
that
is
happening
in
the
communication
world
today.
Based
on
research
on
the
topics
of
discipline
and
paradigm
shifts,
it’s
pretty
clear
that
is
very
important.
There
are
different
theories
on
whether
to
centralize
or

5. State
of
the
Art
Review
Paper
5
decentralize
the
communication
research.
I
personally
agree
with
Wang,
due
to
research
I
have
conducted
that
we
should
centralize
the
communication
discipline.
This
will
set
a
precedent
for
the
rest
of
the
world.
The
new
paradigm
will
be
set
and
we
can
move
forward
globally
and
technologically
in
communication.
This
will
steady
the
research
and
allow
communication
to
continue
to
be
considered
a
discipline.
Communication
is
a
widely
used
tool
on
every
level
of
life.
It
needs
to
recognize
by
more
people
how
communication
can
help
them
in
their
business,
education,
school
or
relationships.
If
communication
can
set
a
standard
on
how
it
is
researched
and
the
paradigm
is
set,
mass
communication
will
continue
to
be
a
discipline,
and
will
continue
to
help
everyone
around
the
world.

6. State
of
the
Art
Review
Paper
6
Reference Page
WANG,
G.
(2011).
Paradigm
Shift
and
the
Centrality
of
Communication
Discipline.International
Journal
Of
Communication
(19328036),
51458-­‐1466.
Youell,
D.,
&
Downey,
P.
(2000).
COMMUNICATION
IN
A
NEW
WORLD
ORDER.
Strategic
Communication
Management,
4(2),
28.
Hardt,
H.
(1999).
Shifting
Paradigms:
Decentering
the
Discourse
of
Mass
Communication
Research.
Mass
Communication
&
Society,
2(3/4),
175.