1. Including the middle: Beyond plus and minus for critical success 1 KAWatson, Coastline CC

2. Including the middle: What it means Goal: Achieving a multi-faceted mindset Method: Thinking critically Execution: Avoiding fallacies 2 KAWatson, Coastline CC

3. Including the middle: How to do it Find Define Disentangle Fix 3 KAWatson, Coastline CC

4. Including the middle: Finding the problem(s) Words: Scope, denotations, connotations Content words & function words Ideas: Implications, suggestions, allusions Reasoning processes: Logic, insinuation, & illogic 4 KAWatson, Coastline CC

5. In the middle: Defining …. ……the nature of the problem word uses? premises? conclusions? ……the “name” of the problem a fallacy of a particular type? ……the schema of the problem a pattern of A, B, C….. 5 KAWatson, Coastline CC

6. In the middle: Disentangling the illogical …via attention to (various) interpretations …via efforts to achieve specificity …via discernment of the unspoken, accepted ...via alternative methods of expression 6 KAWatson, Coastline CC

7. In the middle: Fixing the fallacious Be attentive Ask questions Determine the goal Be aware of logic Play the devil’s advocate Bounce ideas off others Be critical 7 KAWatson, Coastline CC

8. Include it? Exclude it? Think! Fallacy watch….some examples e.g., X or not X versus X or Y e.g., All X are Y; Z is Y; therefore, Z is X e.g., B=C, because C=B (petitioprincipii) e.g., word sense and/or ambiguity KAWatson, Coastline CC 8

9. Including the middle Consequences Vigilant attention in reading, listening Improved attentiveness Honed critical skills Increased transdisciplinarity Logical clarity KAWatson, Coastline CC 9