John Searle and the Ontology of Documents

Lecture 3 The Ontology of Social Reality

Speech Acts (1969) ,[object Object],[object Object]

The Construction of Social Reality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Social Reality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Searle does not provide a definition of ‘social object’ ,[object Object],[object Object]

Nevertheless ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

For example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Social objects are physical objects + special kinds of beliefs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PROBLEM FOR SEARLE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

y = money in a bank account ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MAIN THESIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

WAR events on the ground speech acts speech acts

War is an essentially two-leveled affair (speech acts plus physical actions) ,[object Object]

The Ontology of Chess (Searle: chess is war in attenuated form)

A Game of Chess ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A Game of Chess ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],thoughts

A Game of Chess ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],thoughts thoughts records representations

A Game of Blind Chess ,[object Object]

A Game of Blind Chess ,[object Object],thoughts thoughts records representations

but surely: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The idea: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

This assay would imply that every game of chess was ontologically comparable to a game of blind chess ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A Normal Game of Chess ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A Game of Blind Chess ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A Debt ,[object Object],records representations thoughts, worries thoughts

Searle’s Speech Acts (1969) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Constitutive rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Searle: ,[object Object],[object Object]

Examples of institutions: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Social Reality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Institutional facts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

This works always via constitutive rules: x counts as y in context c ,[object Object]

Social Reality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

x counts as y, y counts as z ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Social Objects ,[object Object],[object Object]

Not Turtles All the Way Down ,[object Object],[object Object]

Objects and events ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A Problem for Naturalism ,[object Object],[object Object]

Searle’s response: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Searle admits free-standing y terms: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Problem for Naturalism ,[object Object],[object Object]

A game of blind chess ,[object Object],thoughts thoughts records representations

Institutional reality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Objects vs. Representations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A New View of the Ontology of Social Reality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Free-Standing y Terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Free-Standing y Money ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],does not exist does not exist exists

Towards an Ontology of Documents, of Document Acts and of Document-Created Entities

Hernando de Soto Institute for Liberty and Democracy, Lima, Peru Bill Clinton: “The most promising anti-poverty initiative in the world”

We are interested in time-sensitive, transactional documents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Yellow = examples in scope Made of paper Not made of paper novel textbook newspaper advertising flier recipe map business card license degree certificate deed contract will bill statement of accounts consent form advertising hoarding gravestone hallmarked silver plate film credits exterior signage on buildings clay tablet recording outcome of litigation e-document electronic health record credit card stock market ticker car license plate

Scope of document act theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Basic distinctions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What happens when you sign your passport? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Passport acts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Documents belong to the domain of administrative entities ,[object Object],[object Object]

The Searle thesis: ,[object Object]

appointings, marryings, promisings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

but speech acts are evanescent entities: they are events, which exist only in their executions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Answer ,[object Object],[object Object]

Differences between document acts and speech acts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Differences between document acts and speech acts ,[object Object],[object Object]

The de Soto thesis: ,[object Object],The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, New York: Basic Books, 2000

The creative power of documents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The creative (and destructive) power of documents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Identity documents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Things you can do with a document ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Anchoring

Anchoring is different from aboutness ,[object Object],[object Object]

The ontology of signatures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The ontology of names ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The ontology of (credit card) numbers ,[object Object],[object Object]

The Worlds of Finance: Mathematical Provinces of Institutional Reality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

de Soto on the Credit Crunch Wall Street Journal, March 25, 2009 ,[object Object]

John Searle and the Ontology of Documents

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