This document provides information about normalization in databases. It defines normalization as organizing database fields and tables to minimize redundancy and dependency. The goals of normalization are to eliminate redundant data and ensure data dependencies. There are various normal forms described - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF. The document also defines DDL, DML and DCL and provides examples of statements for each. It concludes with contact details for Baabtra, the mentoring division that created the document.

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document of baabtra –Mentoring Partner
Baabtra-Mentoring Partner is the mentoring division of baabte System Technologies Pvt .
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5. Normalization,ddl,dml,dcl
Name MOHAMMED NASEEF PP
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Mohammed naseef pp
naseefpp92
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me
9995614354

6. What is normalization
• Database normalization is the process of organizing
the fields and tables of a relational database to
minimize redundancy and dependency
• Normalization usually involves dividing large tables
into smaller (and less redundant) tables and defining
relationships between them.
• The objective is to isolate data so that additions,
deletions, and modifications of a field can be made in
just one table and then propagated through the rest of
the database using the defined relationships.

7. • Two goals of normalization process:
 Eliminating Redundant Data
 Ensuring data dependencies
• Main objective:
 Isolate data
 Reduce the amount of database space
 Make database structure flexible
 Consistent throughout database

8. Normalization Stages
• 1NF
• 2NF
• 3NF
• Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF or 3.5NF)

9. First Normal Form (1NF)
• The values in each column of a table are
atomic .
• Each table has a primary key.
• There are no repeating groups.

10. Second Normal Form (2NF)
• Should be in 1NF.
• Remove subsets of data that apply to multiple
rows of a table and place them in separate
tables.
• Create relationships between tables.

11. Third Normal Form (3NF)
• should be 2NF.
• Has no transitive functional dependencies.
• Remove columns that are
not dependent upon the primary key.
• To convert 2NF to 3NF, we again divide tables.

12. Boyce-Codd Normal Form(BCNF)
• Should be 3NF.
• Every determinant must be a candidate key.
• All tables can have only one primary key
• Candidate Key:
 Any attribute or a set of attributes together that
has the eligibility to become a primary key.

13. What is ddl?
• DDL (Data definition language) defines your
database structure. CREATE and ALTER
are DDL statements as they affect the way
your database structure is organized.

14. What is dml?
• DML (Data Manipulation Language) lets you
do basic functionalities like INSERT,
UPDATE, DELETE and MODIFY data in
database

15. What is dcl?
• DCL (Data Control Language) controls you
DML and DDL statements so that your data
is protected and has consistency. COMITT and
ROLLBACK are DCL control statements.
DCL guarantees ACID fundamentals of a
transaction.

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