The document discusses arrays in C++. It defines an array as a group of contiguous memory locations that store values of the same data type. The document covers array declaration, initialization, using for loops to iterate through arrays, one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, and advantages and disadvantages of arrays. It provides examples of declaring, initializing, and accessing elements of one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays in C++.
2. Introduction to the ARRAY
Classification
Array Declaration
Array Initialization
Array with FOR Loop
Upper and lower limit of Array
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
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Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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3. An Array is a group of memory location s
having same data type
Data type specify the type of data it stores
A group of CONTINOUS memory locations
Example: Int A[0][1][2][3][4]
Store JUST single variable
C++ store list values in it
Arrange in Rows/ Columns
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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4. To refer a particular location its Name and
its “SUBSCRIPT “is specifies
WHAT IS A „SUBSCRIPT‟?
The number contained within Square bracket
It MUST be an integer or expression
If its an integer expression then it is
evaluated to describe the subscript
EXAMPLE:
c[a+b] +=2; if a=5, and b=6
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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5. In some languages (e.g. COBOL) arrays are
called “Tables”.
An individual value in an array is called an
“Element”
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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6. There are divided into following types;
1. One Dimensional Arrays:
A[0][1][2][3][4][5][6]………………[n]
2. Two Dimensional Arrays:
A[0][0]
A[0][1]
A[0][2]
A[0][3]
A[0][4]
A[1][0]
A[1][1]
A[1][2]
A[1][3]
A[1][4]
A[2][0]
A[2][1]
A[2][2]
A[2][3]
A[2][4]
3. Multi Dimensional Arrays:
3D, 4D etc
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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7. We Explore The Following Things in this Section:
•Arrays Declaration
•Arrays Initialization
•With FOR Loop
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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8. As just in few steps…
Lets have an example of OVERS in a cricket
match, its 6 per over
We declared it something like that…
Int balls[5]
Subscript/index
Array_name
OR….
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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9. Its still the same!!!
Int balls= {1,2,3,4,5,6}
More Examplex:
Char city= {L,A,H,O,R,E}
FLOAT NUM={1.2, 1.3, 1.4 ,1.5 }
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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10. It can be intialized as they declared
Do not need to declared the subscript if initial
values are defined
What's the initial values we are talking about..
Int k[]= {12,13,14,15}
WE HAVENT SEPCIFY THE INDEX-ANOTHER
NAME AND STIL IT WORKS
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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11. Because array automatically generate the
space for it
JUST FOR UNDERSTANDING!!!
Int k [5]= {12,13,14,15}
With index it something look like this…..
C++ does not flag out any error if index go
out of the bound…
HOW?????
Char k[7]={A,R,R,A,Y}
Even the memory remains empty still it does
not cerate any error…
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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12. Almost always needed to steep through the ARRAY
The loop is used is “FOR-LOOP”
Can not do manipulation easily then
BUT WHY?????
Loops are use to REPEATATION
so as in the case of array we MUXT declared the
index of ≥0 ; for
C++ to pick up the required index it uses the loop.
But just not used in some fewer cases
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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14. • We „r going to explore the following contents in
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2011
this:
Introduction to 2D-Array
2D Array with nested FOR loop
Upper and lower limit of array
Advantages
Disadvantages
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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15. It has rows and columns…… just like a
TABLE
Also known as MATRIX
EXAMPLE:
A[0][0]
A[0][2]
A[0][3]
A[0][4]
A[1][0]
A[1][1]
A[1][2]
A[1][3]
A[1][4]
A[2][0]
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A[0][1]
A[2][1]
A[2][2]
A[2][3]
A[2][4]
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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16. HOW TO DECLARE 2D-ARRAY??? This way
Int temps[2][2]
Row * column = 2*2: holding 4 integers
NOW HOW to INITIALIZE IT??????
JUST simple!!!
Int temps[2][2]={{12,14} , {21,41}}:
Value of each is held in {}
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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18. Nested FOR loops to step through 2D-Array
USUALL FORMAT:
FOR EACH ROW, FOR EACH COLUMN
Do something to array[row][column]
EXAMPLE:
Int team[2][3];
For(int row=0;orw<2;;row++){
For(int row=0;orw<2;;row++){
Team[row][column]=8: }}
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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20. Mid versions of BASIC allowed any starting
and ending value. So we could have arrays like
the following:
EXAMPLE:
int years (1998 to 2008)
int tide. level(-5 to +5)
Many “modern” languages do not allow this
freedom with declaring arrays
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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21. * simple and easy to create
Any element of an array can be accessed time
by its index
Random access
Constant size
arrays with arbitrary size (dynamically
allocated array)
array will always hold similar kind of information
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Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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22. We cant change the size of array during run
time
Constant size WITH Constant data-type
Array data structure is not completely
dynamic.
Insertion and deletion of an element in the
array requires to shift the locations
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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23. The Prospective of what we have presented
now is to JUST enhance the ability of
ourselves;
Its up to US how we cater down al this in
our practical LIFE…
We have to crave what is perfect from
INSIDE!!!!
2011
Topic: ARRAY by
Atiqa, Rafia ; Rbiya, Rabia
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24. 1. C How to program, 4th edition by DEITEL
2. WWW.gavilian.edu/adnvantages/histroy/a
rrays.htm
3. WWW.agolist.net/data-strcutures/arrays
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Topic: ARRAY by
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