This is a comprehensice first lecture to introduce students to translation.

1. Lecture Notes Introduction to Translation LANE 350 Dr. Amira Kashgary February 2011

2. Introduction to Translation Dr. Amira Kashgary Department of English

3. What is Translation? As a subject, translation is defined as all the processes and methods used to convey meaning of the source language into the target language by means of : * The verb “translate” has been equated with synonyms such as “render”, “rephrase”, “transmit”, “re express” “replace”.

4. What is Translation? We "render", "reproduce", "convey", and "transfer" For example: Write يكتب حاسوب Computer كمبيوتر

7. What do we translate? We translate nothing but "MEANING".

8. What is Meaning? It is a complicated network of language components It is the product of different elements of language. Taken together occurring in a certain type of texts and contexts, and directed to a certain kind of readership.

9. language components Words (vocabulary Grammar (syntax) Style Sounds (Phonology)

10. What do we translate? We are always interested in how these elements combine, produce, influence, reflect and crystallize meaning.

11. How do we translate? Making use of two concepts Processes of Translation Methods of Translation Transfer Analysis Restructuring

12. Processes of Translation It describes how we proceed at translating something in practice, in other words, it is the STAGES of translating

14. What do we translate? The process of Transfer , or what linguists call "Transfer Strategy" can be summarized in the following steps:

17. Translation: Process vs. Product In order to arrive at a comprehensive and useful understanding of the process of translating we need to draw on the resources of linguistics, particularly, psycholinguistics and socio linguistics. The first of these examines the process in the mind of the translator, the second places the source language text (SLT) and the target language text (TLT) in their cultural context.

18. The Translation Process (Bell, 1991:21) Memory SLT Analysis Synthesis TLT Semantic Representation

22. Methods of Translation Methods of Translation literal vs. free semantic vs. communicative formal vs. dynamic pragmatic vs. non-pragmatic creative vs. non-pragmatic

23. Methods of Translation Monolingual communication (Bell, 1991 : 18) Code Channel Channel SENDER Signal Receiver Content

24. Bilingual communication (Bell, 1991 : 19) Code 1 Channel Channel SENDER Signal 1 Translator Content 1 Code 2 RECEIVER Signal 2 Content 2

30. Thank you

31. Assignments Assignment # 1 Read أ سس الترجمة What are the tools of the translator? Make a summary of all translation methods discussed in this book