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Participatory Action Research (PAR) for
increased adoption of climate smart agriculture
          by rural poor in West Africa
                         Robert Zougmoré
                         Regional Program Leader West Africa,
                         CCAFS
Crop suitability is changing




Average projected % change in suitability for 50 crops, to 2050
Food security is at risk


In order to meet
global demands,
  we will need
 60-70%
more food
   by 2050.
Climate change and Agriculture

• Climate change is making it increasingly urgent
  for more widespread and significant changes in
  farming practices to increase productivity and,
  at the same time, use natural resources more
  efficiently and sustainably.
• shifts to new crops and varieties,
• water and soil conservation measures
• planting trees on farms;
• …..
Agriculture must become
“climate-smart”

• contributes to climate change adaptation by
  sustainably increasing productivity & resilience;
• mitigates climate change by reducing and
  removing greenhouse gases;
• and enhances the achievement of national food
  security and development goals.
Participatory Action Research

• More research and development work is called
  for to ensure that the most appropriate options
  for change are adopted.
• PAR is an approach that combines both
  research and development work.
• PAR approach: particular actions, interventions,
  are tested and implemented simultaneously
  with local partners, researchers & development
  workers cooperating closely;
• PAR is not easy to undertake.
Improved livelihoods/food
                                 security/reduced poverty
                                                                    Impact
                                amongst farmers in Africa

Enabling policy                                                              Eventual wider
environment created           8. Community livelihood                        adoption
                              improvements
                                                              Outcomes
Changes in knowledge         7. Adopting farmers/                         Changes in knowledge
and attitudes of             communities enjoy higher &                   & attitudes of farmers/
stakeholders                 more stable income                           communities

                                      4. Adoption of         Scaling-out
   Scaling up
                   Scaling-up
6. Stakeholders
   Scaling up                         technologies &                        5. Adoption in
learning of NRM                       changes in practices                  other villages

3. Farmers/communities                     Iterations of           2. Changes in farmers’/
modify and innovate                       learning cycle           communities’ attitude &
                                                                   perceptions
                                1. Improved knowledge of
                                farmers

                              PLAR to adapt, develop and
                                                                Outputs
                              validate technological options
                                                     Generation of knowledge & tools (diagnosis,
                                                     vulnerability assessment, trade-offs between
Participatory diagnosis to identify                  adaptation & mitigation, technologies,
pilot sites and scope of options                     practices & policies)

                              Pathways to Impact
Objectives of CCAFS PAR
Test and validate, in partnership with rural communities & other
stakeholders, a scalable climate-smart model for agricultural
development that includes a range of innovative agricultural risk
management strategies
Place-based field work



                                                     Indo-
                                                     Gangetic
                                                      Plains:
                                                     There is risk of heat
West                                                 stress, melting
Africa:                        East                  glaciers, and sea level
Extreme rainfall variability   Africa:               rise; the intensity and
impedes precipitation          Climate change will   probability of extreme
predictions, but the Sahel     likely intensify      events will likely
will likely experience         surface and           increase.
shorter growing periods.       groundwater stress.
                                                     Regional director:
Regional director:             Regional director:    Pramod Aggarwal
Robert Zougmoré                James Kinyangi
PAR: test of integrated adaptation and
mitigation technologies/practices
Priority production interventions with expected mitigation
  and adaptation synergies:
• Soil nutrient management (e.g.: organic manure and
  fertilizer management through micro-dosing)
• Agroforestry (e.g.: Natural AGF parklands, biofuel and
  drought tolerant varieties of maize, millet and sorghum)…
• Rehabilitation of degraded lands, soil & water management
• Conservation agriculture for increased carbon
  sequestration and improved soil health
  Potential mitigation practices to be examined from the
  perspective of carbon sequestration, mitigation incentives,
  institutional arrangements, gender impacts…
PAR: test of integrated adaptation and
 mitigation technologies/practices
Priority interventions for mitigation and/or adaptation:
• Use of the analogue method and methods for innovative
  knowledge sharing and networking among farmers;
• Climate risk management strategies with focus on ground
  application for downscaled seasonal climate - crop
  forecasting – drought-tolerant varieties– Index-based crop
  insurance;
• Capacity building on crop forecasting: National/regional
  teams established; capacity building workshops for local
  teams, data needs identified; stakeholders meeting organized
Support to policy decision making
and Capacity strengthening
Policies to be oriented towards empowering local
decision making around natural resources
concerns: reconciling traditional laws and formal
legal codes for managing natural resources:

Use of existing tools & methods, data collection
and analysis that support decision making for
adaptation and mitigation (When climate finance
becomes a reality)
Recording and Management
• Data requirement and management strategy to
  be developed by the partners
• SHG to maintain a diary of all agricultural
  operations/interventions on a daily basis.
• Some baseline soil & water samples to be
  collected and analyzed.
• Weather Data of current season and past years
  to be collected from nearby Weather Station.
• Village land use map to be procured from Local
  Government agencies.
• All data to be entered in a Database.
CCAFS_PAR for West Africa_ICRAF

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CCAFS_PAR for West Africa_ICRAF

  • 1. Participatory Action Research (PAR) for increased adoption of climate smart agriculture by rural poor in West Africa Robert Zougmoré Regional Program Leader West Africa, CCAFS
  • 2. Crop suitability is changing Average projected % change in suitability for 50 crops, to 2050
  • 3. Food security is at risk In order to meet global demands, we will need 60-70% more food by 2050.
  • 4. Climate change and Agriculture • Climate change is making it increasingly urgent for more widespread and significant changes in farming practices to increase productivity and, at the same time, use natural resources more efficiently and sustainably. • shifts to new crops and varieties, • water and soil conservation measures • planting trees on farms; • …..
  • 5. Agriculture must become “climate-smart” • contributes to climate change adaptation by sustainably increasing productivity & resilience; • mitigates climate change by reducing and removing greenhouse gases; • and enhances the achievement of national food security and development goals.
  • 6. Participatory Action Research • More research and development work is called for to ensure that the most appropriate options for change are adopted. • PAR is an approach that combines both research and development work. • PAR approach: particular actions, interventions, are tested and implemented simultaneously with local partners, researchers & development workers cooperating closely; • PAR is not easy to undertake.
  • 7. Improved livelihoods/food security/reduced poverty Impact amongst farmers in Africa Enabling policy Eventual wider environment created 8. Community livelihood adoption improvements Outcomes Changes in knowledge 7. Adopting farmers/ Changes in knowledge and attitudes of communities enjoy higher & & attitudes of farmers/ stakeholders more stable income communities 4. Adoption of Scaling-out Scaling up Scaling-up 6. Stakeholders Scaling up technologies & 5. Adoption in learning of NRM changes in practices other villages 3. Farmers/communities Iterations of 2. Changes in farmers’/ modify and innovate learning cycle communities’ attitude & perceptions 1. Improved knowledge of farmers PLAR to adapt, develop and Outputs validate technological options Generation of knowledge & tools (diagnosis, vulnerability assessment, trade-offs between Participatory diagnosis to identify adaptation & mitigation, technologies, pilot sites and scope of options practices & policies) Pathways to Impact
  • 8. Objectives of CCAFS PAR Test and validate, in partnership with rural communities & other stakeholders, a scalable climate-smart model for agricultural development that includes a range of innovative agricultural risk management strategies
  • 9. Place-based field work Indo- Gangetic Plains: There is risk of heat West stress, melting Africa: East glaciers, and sea level Extreme rainfall variability Africa: rise; the intensity and impedes precipitation Climate change will probability of extreme predictions, but the Sahel likely intensify events will likely will likely experience surface and increase. shorter growing periods. groundwater stress. Regional director: Regional director: Regional director: Pramod Aggarwal Robert Zougmoré James Kinyangi
  • 10. PAR: test of integrated adaptation and mitigation technologies/practices Priority production interventions with expected mitigation and adaptation synergies: • Soil nutrient management (e.g.: organic manure and fertilizer management through micro-dosing) • Agroforestry (e.g.: Natural AGF parklands, biofuel and drought tolerant varieties of maize, millet and sorghum)… • Rehabilitation of degraded lands, soil & water management • Conservation agriculture for increased carbon sequestration and improved soil health Potential mitigation practices to be examined from the perspective of carbon sequestration, mitigation incentives, institutional arrangements, gender impacts…
  • 11. PAR: test of integrated adaptation and mitigation technologies/practices Priority interventions for mitigation and/or adaptation: • Use of the analogue method and methods for innovative knowledge sharing and networking among farmers; • Climate risk management strategies with focus on ground application for downscaled seasonal climate - crop forecasting – drought-tolerant varieties– Index-based crop insurance; • Capacity building on crop forecasting: National/regional teams established; capacity building workshops for local teams, data needs identified; stakeholders meeting organized
  • 12. Support to policy decision making and Capacity strengthening Policies to be oriented towards empowering local decision making around natural resources concerns: reconciling traditional laws and formal legal codes for managing natural resources: Use of existing tools & methods, data collection and analysis that support decision making for adaptation and mitigation (When climate finance becomes a reality)
  • 13. Recording and Management • Data requirement and management strategy to be developed by the partners • SHG to maintain a diary of all agricultural operations/interventions on a daily basis. • Some baseline soil & water samples to be collected and analyzed. • Weather Data of current season and past years to be collected from nearby Weather Station. • Village land use map to be procured from Local Government agencies. • All data to be entered in a Database.